EGHTESAD-E ISLAMI
Year:2020 | Volume:20 | Issue:77|Papers Count:10

Every heavenly religion has a universal discourse. The universal word of Islam is morality, which is the basis of all individual and social activities In the field of economics, competition is so serious that sometimes some are willing to violate morality in order to obtain profits. In the school of economics of Islam, it is necessary to observe economic ethics in economic competitions and to pay attention to virtues such as job security, fairness, justice and installment, and to avoid vices such as underselling, usury, hoarding, extravagance and waste. The aim of this study is to present the psychological strategies of the Qur'an for the growth of economic ethics. The method of this research is with qualitative approach and content analysis and it uses the content analysis technique based on the sentence unit. he statistical population of this research is the total Quran and the sample size is 95 verses of Quranic verses. The sampling method is purposeful and is done with the aim of selecting economic verses that have moral and psychological references. In this study, the cognitive, visual, auditory, auditory, speech and behavioral strategies of the Qur'an for the growth of economic ethics are presented with the tool of quantitative and qualitative content analysis table, and then the index of its conceptual model is designed psychological aspect. The purpose of this study is to present the psychological strategies of the Qur'an for the development of economic ethics. The method of this research is qualitative and quantitative and content analysis approach and the content analysis technique is used based on sentence unit. The statistical population of this study is 6236 verses of the Quran and the sample size is 95 verses of the Quran. The sampling method was purposive and aimed at selecting the economic verses of the Qur'an with ethical and psychological references. In this study, the cognitive, auditory, auditory, verbal, and behavioral strategies of the Qur'an for the growth of economic ethics are presented using quantitative and qualitative content analysis table tools, then its conceptual model index is also designed.

Two types of inconsistencies can be identified in the pattern of consumption of a Muslim; Contradiction and Conflicts. The Contradiction is in the drawing of pattern. Since one of the most important prerequisites for drawing the Islamic pattern of consumption of a person is the solution to the Contradictions between the propagation of Islamic rules and values in the pattern of consumption of the individual. But the Conflict between rules is a natural occurrence in the implementation phase of this template and we will not be able to implement it until the solutions are known. In this study, we first describe instances of incompatibilities in the pattern of a Muslim consumption. Then, in a documentary and library way, we identify a set of rules of consumption. In the next step, we explain each of the two terms of Contradiction and Conflict from the principles of Shiite jurisprudence and show how the Contradiction in the plot and the Conflict in the realization of this pattern creates an obstacle. Then the contradictions (apparent or real) are examined and the principles for resolving the apparent contradictions and the customary sum of the arguments, such as "governance and entry, " "appropriation and expertise, " and "verification, " are briefly explained. In the following, the corresponding probabilistic Conflicts between these rules are examined by descriptive-analytic method. And rational methods for resolving Conflict between rules, the most important of which is the golden rule of "الاهم فالاهم". The findings of the research indicate that the most incompatibilities are in three rules: status, development and charity among the 29 identified rules.

One of the important pillars of the policies of the resistance economy is their justice. Optimal allocation of banking resources allows individuals to play a role in the economy. The present study tries to enumerate the effective and priority factors that have a great impact on the fair allocation of banking resources and provide executive solutions. In this study, first by library study method, the principles and requirements of equitable allocation of resources based on resistance economic policies were extracted and policies and requirements of justice were calculated by comparative study of other countries. After extracting these requirements, the status quo of each of its indicators and solutions was put to the vote of the elites, and based on the two-sentence test and the Freudman test, these results were prioritized. Then, using the meta-analysis method, the most important strategies of equitable allocation of resources were identified in order of priority, which are: 1. Strengthening technical supervision and improving the independence of the central bank, 2. Improving and expanding information and communication technology and expanding fintechs, 3. Reducing the ownership of government institutions, 4. Supporting banks that are developing a venture fund They help and 5. Develop guarantees accepted by the bank and accept trust-based documents. If these priorities are implemented, the allocation of resources in banks will be fair.

Some classical and neoclassical economic theories have been influenced by Descartes' ideas. By reviewing Descartes' ideas and their effects on economics, this paper suggests that the practical wisdom of Islamic economics should use the fundamental method of Islamic scholars as an alternative. The two intellectual origins of ontological precedence over epistemology and the existence of different levels of reason have the greatest impact on the practical method of Islamic economics and provide the ground for the formation of various types of rational, interpretive, critical and experimental explanatory arguments in it. Explanatory argument is a type of causal argument that takes a specific form according to the existence of the subject under study. The transformation of Islamic economics into practical wisdom, the organization of the principles of the subject, attention to Islamic goals in the text of Islamic economics, attention to non-religious theorems and the enjoyment of revelation are some of the methodological effects of the intellectual principles of Islamic scholars. As a result of these principles, the content of Islamic economics theories focuses on changing human motivations, conditions of uncertainty, material and physical dimensions of economic decision making, and avoids the machine approach and assumption of complete information and complete rationality in analyzing economic action. Using bibliographic sources and analytical methods, this article reviews the effects of Descartes' principles and explores the effects of the principles of Islamic scholars with an exploratory method.

Today, the development and progress of societies is tied to the results of scientific research, on the one hand, research is a field for examining and discovering the challenges and problems of the legislative and executive system, and on the other hand, it is an opportunity to search, design and explain effective solutions and solutions to the challenges. In the meantime, Islamic banking and finance researches have always been the subject of economic research in the country according to the needs and requirements of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of this study is whether there is a significant relationship between the topic and the process of Islamic banking and finance researches with related issues and challenges of Iran economy. The results of the study, which used the case study of the journal of Islamic Economics as a representative of publications in this field, showed that the topics related to "equipping and allocating banking resources" were the most and the topics related to "banking and Islamic Finance education and research" have the least subject in Islamic banking and financial research. Researchers have also, over time, shifted from "basic and supervisory" topics to "practical and operational" topics. Also, based on Logit regression model, it was found that Islamic banking and finance researchers have undertaken research in view of the practical challenges of Iranian economy and there is a significant relationship between research conducted in this field and related issues and challenges of Iran economy.

There are two views on religious beliefs and income distribution. The first view is that People only pay religious taxes and do not pay legal taxes and income distribution is unequal distribution. The second view, distribution is more equitable because not only through fiscal policies made by the government, but also by paying religious taxes by the people, distribution system gets balanced. Here, to understand the relationship between religious beliefs, government size, and income distribution, the resurrection belief variable, , Can be followed as an independent variable by paying religious taxes that express charity. followers of other religions have also been used as a control variable in the analysis of ARDL economics over the period 1353-1396. Based on the findings In the short and long run, religiosity has a negative effect on government size and income inequality, and it has a positive effect in the short run and negative effect in long run on tax rates. Democracy has negative impact on income inequality, and private sector size has positive impact on tax burden. Followers of Islam have had a positive impact on government spending and transitional payments, while having a negative impact on income inequality and tax burden in long run. Jewish followers have a negative effect on income inequality and a positive effect on transitional and tax burden. In the long run, there is a negative relationship between followers of other religions and income inequality and a positive relationship between followers of other religions and tax burdens.

Protecti One of the issues that has been considered with the expansion of cyberspace and international technologies in the direction of globalization is the phenomenon of virtual currency and related mechanisms. This phenomenon stems from the growth of technology called blockchain and its use in cyberspace. In this regard, considering the importance of religious issues and the spread of threats and opportunities of cyberspace phenomena and the need to determine the appropriate position on exchange and dealing with these currencies, it seems that the issue of accurate knowledge of virtual currencies and its analysis It is important and necessary. In this research, first of all, it has been tried to explain the virtual and economic dimensions of virtual currencies by using historical, fundamental and descriptive methods., then based on valid jurisprudential methods, including Jurisprudence of transactions and Islamic jurisprudence based on the framework of Islamic economics ruling of exchange can be analyzed with extractable virtual currencies (such as bitcoin). The results show that, firstly, the types of virtual currencies are fundamentally different from each other, and secondly, the value of the extractable virtual currency (such as bitcoin) cannot be determined rationally and religiously, assuming the existence of customary taxation. Third, over time, the focus will be on extraction and, consequently, the concentration of wealth on this mechanism, which will be opposed to the distributive justice of wealth.

Protection of intellectual property rights in terms of joining international treaties can have limitations in short term for member states, especially in economic interest, but will in the long run be beneficial to these countries. Experience gained from accession of developing countries to international intellectual property rights treaties as well as membership of World Trade Organization shows that benefits derived from this are far greater than basic constraints and constraints of accession and membership. On other hand, our country has faced economic challenges due to hostile policies of US colonial governments over past decades, and these powers have, in addition to creating barriers to membership in World Trade Organization, have imposed cruel sanctions on our country. In order to get out of this hostile situation and rely on its capabilities, and in course of policy-based changes in single-oil economy based on oil, Supreme Leader in recent years has put forward a new perspective on issue of resilient economy. In implementing this policy, the elements of governance, especially state They have taken action on their agenda. This paper examines role of the formation of a national reference to intellectual property rights in realization of a resilient economy through an analytical-descriptive approach.

Digital technologies provide valuable opportunities for new innovations and services. One of these innovations is Crowdfunding. Peer to peer lending as a form of crowdfunding, has eliminated many of the problems of fund management in traditional financial institutions and facilitated the access of individuals and businesses to resources through direct engagement of lenders and borrowers. The question we are looking for in this research is how to use the potential of crowdfunding for managing of Qur'd al-Hassan's funds. In this descriptive-analytic method, we first examined the theoretical foundations of crowdfunding, and especially the peer to peer model, and analyzed this model from the religious legal point of view, and finally, we presented the functional model of crowdfunding based on Qrzal Al Hassan. We think that this model can also finance some of the consumer's needs of real people, and can also be used to empower real people (microfinance to create employment), and can be used in the early stages of innovative and innovative businesses. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) provide the required financial resources.

Economists have used experimental economics in recent decades as a new tool for empirical testing of economic theories. Also, Islamic economics as a science is in the early stages of formation. In this regard, the question arises whether the experimental economy can be used in the empirical test of the hypotheses of Islamic economics and studying the economic behavior of Muslims in order to develop Islamic economics? This research tries to answer this question by examining the compatibility of the epistemological bases of the experimental economics with Islamic principles. Also, to avoid the dispersion of the issues, the Islamic approach has limited Ostad Motahhari’ s view in particular. The validity of the findings of the experimental economics is based on the induction or hypothetico-deductive method. This research shows that both of these methods are valid and defensible under Ostad Motahhari’ s epistemology; therefore, the method of experimental economics can be used in Islamic economics.