JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH
Year:2021 | Volume:13 | Issue:2|Papers Count:15

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the agreed approach to transgenic technology in Iran's agricultural sector. To this end, using content analysis, the agreed approach to transgenic technology was examined. To collect the data, 23 researchers were interviewed. The findings show that the four factors of "environmental protection", "improving human health", "inevitability of attention to the agricultural system based on genetic engineering" and "non-acceptance of the claims of the opposition" are the reasons for agreeing to cultivate and consume transgenic crops. To achieve self-sufficiency under current sanctions and to remove concerns about possible contamination of Imported transgenic seeds, In the first phase, further research on different aspects of transgenic crops (health, environment, economy, etc. ) and strengthening of the biotechnology research sector in the field of agriculture and medicine is recommended and after reaching the necessary ability in seed production and other transgenic inputs, as well as assessing the safety of these crops, producing non-food transgenic products such as transgenic cotton and transgenic crops as feedstuffs can be on the agenda.

Development is a multi-dimensional flow that requires basic changes in cultural and social structures, on the one hand, and economic growth as well as poverty and inequality reduction, on the other. Most societies increasingly require planning and identification of their facilities as well as potential and actual resources in order to encourage development, redress imbalances, and overcome economic, social, and cultural problems (Masoud et al., 2000). To this end, the general objective of this study is to assess the degree of development of Kermanshah province and determine the level of development of this province in terms of having development indicators using the latest statistics and information. This numerical taxonomic evaluation was conducted in 1394 using 45 indices.

Agricultural producers are forced to make decisions about allocating resources and producing products in an environment uncertain to prices and practices. Percentage of inputs and inputs (traditional or advanced) in terms of risk may be different from inputs and type of inputs (traditional or advanced) in assured circumstances. The use of new inputs depends on factors such as price variance, degree of risk aversion and the final contribution of inputs, in addition to output and input prices and production levels. In this research, the empirical relationship between risk and acceptance of new inputs among farmers in south of Kerman province has been investigated. The data required by 140 questionnaires in three districts (Jiroft, Anbarabad, Kahnoj) from agricultural community Saifi Kar (greenhouse cucumber, tomatoes and potatoes), completed in the summer of 1396.

Raisin is one of the most important agricultural export products of Iran, which has always been an export advantage. However, Iran's raisin export to the EU as the largest raisin importer in the world is very low. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effective factors with emphasis on the role of import market structure on Iran’ s raisin exports to EU during period of 2001-2016. To achieve the objective of this study, gravity model was carried out based on unbalanced panel data. Findings indicate that per-capita income of the EU countries has a positive and significant effect on Iran's exports while the effect of economic difference between Iran and its partners and the economic crisis turned out to be negative and significant. Also, import market structure of trading partners has no significant effect on Iran’ s raisin export. As a result import market structure is not a serious limiting factor. Accordingly, it is recommended that raisin exporters penetrate into the EU market as one of the most important and profitable destination markets in future export programs.

One of the main goals of each country is to provide the food needed by society, which can be achieved through growth in agriculture. In this regard, the present study has tried to investigate the common stochastic trends between the value added of the agricultural sector of Iran and its major partner trading in the period of 1967-2015. To achieve this aims, the Gonzalo and Granger method, which is used in the framework of the multivariate coherent model of Johansen and Juselius (1990), has been used. The results show that there is 2 Correction and two common stochastic trend of agricultural value added in the studied countries, which reflects the complete lack of long-term integration between this group of countries. . Accordingly, in order to achieve sustainable growth in agriculture, the government will expand its agricultural trade with China by reducing tariffs on agricultural imports and subsidizing agricultural exports, so that the domestic agricultural sector will grow from value-added agriculture to the global agricultural sector.

The significant depletion of renewable water resources has shifted the focus of management approaches from supply management to demand management in most parts of the world. Accordingly, the present study seeks to identify the best strategies for proper management of water resources from the perspective of farmers at micro level. The research method was descriptive-analytical and two SWOT-QSPM strategic management tools were used. The unit of analysis was 96 smallholder farmers in 10 villages of Darzab rural district of Mashhad during the year 1977 who completed the questionnaire through snowball sampling. Based on exploratory studies, 7 strengths and opportunities were identified as advantages and 26 weaknesses and threats as constraints and bottlenecks facing water resources management of smallholder farmers. And, EFE = 1. 66, optimal (minimum-minimum) defensive strategies were identified to improve water resource management. Among the 7 defense strategies presented in the QSPM model, the most important strategy was "formulating the right policies to increase water productivity" with a score of 3. 43.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) and human capital are important factors that can affect economic growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of direct foreign investment and human capital, and especially the interaction of both, on economic growth of the agricultural sector in emerging Asian developing countries in 2000-2018. The model used for unstable economics (developing countries) is designed to fit the present research. In this model, the effects of population and technology growth rate, physical capital, human capital, foreign direct investment and interaction of foreign direct investment and human capital on economic growth of the agricultural sector has been studied. The results showed that human capital alone did not affect the economic growth of the agricultural sector and foreign direct investment alone had a negative effect on economic growth of the agricultural sector. Also if human capital in combined with foreign direct investment, its impact on the growth of the agricultural sector in positive.

There is much evidence to show that contracts farming can increase farmers' income. The aim of this paper was to study the preferences of pistachio producers in Abarkouh, Yazd province, to design contract specifications. To this end, contracts can be designed, so that farmers would have more incentives to participate in. Data was collected from 103 pistachio gardens in 2018 by using a questionnaire. In this research, a hierarchical analysis process was used to prioritize contract specifications from the perspective of farmers and discrete choice experiment was used to examine the preferences of farmers towards these characteristics. The results showed that market input uncertainty is more important than market output uncertainty in farmers' decision to participate in agricultural contracts. Farmers also tend to minimize their risk by choosing agricultural firms to conclude a contract in comparison with the government and NGOs' choices and thus receive inputs and technical assistance. Providing incentives for investment can enable agricultural firms to provide attractive contracts for small farmers.

In recent decades, attention has been paid to the relationship between economic growth and its environmental impacts. The ecological footprint is an indicator that compares the rate of resource consumption and waste generation by humans with the rate of reproduction of resources and the disposal of waste by biofuels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term and short-run relationship between per capita ecological footprints and GDP per capita variables, energy consumption, trade openness and financial development through the ARDL panel method during the period of 2013-1992 using data Panels of selected countries of Asia and Europe. The results show that there is a positive relationship between per capita ecological footprints and energy consumption, financial development and per capita gross domestic product, and open trade variables and second-generation GDP per capita are negatively correlated. Also, the results show that the Kuznets 'environmental hypothesis is inversely proportional to U and the existence of Kuznets' environmental curve is confirmed. Also, in each period, 59 percent of the imbalance is adjusted and approaches its long-term trend.

In the process of global moving towards sustainable development, consideration of environmental damage caused by the energy sector is essential. Much of the world's pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is in the form of carbon dioxide generated by burning fossil fuels as a result of expansion of industrial development and transportation. In this study, the relationship between transport, economic growth, and the environment in selected MENA countries over the period 1996-2016 using the Simultaneous Equations System is investigated. The results indicate that despite the positive effect of the environment on GDP growth and transportation, environmental pollution also increases in the process of economic growth and transportation. Also, despite the positive effect of the transportation on economic growth, economic growth increases transport.

The production of chicken meat with sustainability labels or organic, green, and safe labels needs to understand consumers' preference towards these labels. So, this study aims to investigate factors affecting consumers’ preference for chicken meat consumption with sustainability labels using generalized ordered logit model. The data for this study were obtained by collecting 200 questionnaires from consumers in Mashhad using simple random sampling method in 2018. The results show that the variables including gender, frequency of chicken meat purchases per month and reasonable price to quality increase the probability of preferring chicken meat consumption with the green and safe label to organic chicken meat. Also, the variables of importance degree of chicken meat in the household basket, quality, nutritional value, trust and no chemicals increase the probability of preferring chicken meat consumption with the organic label to chicken meat with the green and safe label. According to the findings, it is suggested that marketers adopt different marketing strategies in accordance with consumer specification such as gender.

The purpose of this study was to determine the economic and agricultural productivity of farmers using wheat and watermelon cultivation fields in Iranshahr area in the 2017-2018 crop year. To determine the economic value of water, flexible and inflexible functions used. After the calculated these functions, in order to select the best production function were used of classical assumptions and econometric tests. Based on the results, Cobb-Douglas function was selected as a higher function of demand. Based on agricultural productivity utilization indices, the productivity of these two products was calculated. The absolute magnitude of the self-priced stretch of water demand for wheat and watermelon was 1. 13 and 1. 27, which was larger than the other. This greatly reduces the magnitude of costs, low cost policies can be valuable for controlling non-existing costs. The final production yields for wheat and watermelon were calculated to be 0. 87 and 2 respectively. The economic value of water for wheat was 12441 and 14, 000 rials per cubic meter. Results of productivity indices showed that watermelon had higher productivity index than wheat.

Bushkan is one of the most important plains of Bushehr province which is considered as the agricultural pole of this province. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of climate change on the cropping patterns in different areas of Bushkan plain. Accordingly, in this study, the WEAP model and its agro-economic model, MABIA, have been used to study the hydrological status of the plain. Finally, using the positive mathematical programming (PMP), the effects of climate change on the cropping patterns in different areas of the Bushkan plain has been studied. The results show that by applying RCP 2. 6 and RCP 8. 5 scenarios, the water availability of different regions of Bushkan Plain during the 2018-2050 period is reduced by an average of 6 and 12 percent. By applying these changes to the positive mathematical programming, it was found that the total area under the cultivation of six areas is greatly reduced. According to this fallow agricultural lands is suggested as an appropriate solution to prevent long-term damage to agricultural production in the region.

This paper aimed to examine the effects of ICT developments on the renewable energy consumption in the economic sectors of Iran. The panel data for study were obtained from three sectors of agriculture, industry, and services within the 2000-2016 timeframe; the unit-root test showed that the variables were both stationary and nonstationary. As a result, the mean group was used to estimate the long-run effects, and it revealed that, in the long run, the increase in the number of the Internet and cellphone users decreases the renewable energy consumption. In addition, the GDP and investment growth increases the energy consumption, because the growth of information and communication technology infrastructures develops the e-government and teleworking and reduces the traffic, and, in turn, conserves the energy. However, the increase in the number of landline and cellphone users in the short run increases the energy consumption. The GDP increase will also raise the energy consumption in the short run.