ARABIC LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
Year:2019 | Volume:14 | Issue:4|Papers Count:7

The conditional cases are of two types: the original which is called the agreeing case or the spoken case and the second one is sub-content which is called obligatory case or the concept of the conditional case. On the other hand, the conditional cases are the ones used mostly in the Islamic texts because we believe that the concept of conditionality comes before other concepts in the science of principles of jurisprudence. According to the fundamentalists, if the matter in question is one of the sharia texts, it is not permissible for the person to rule, so that the ruling will not go away after the issue has disappeared, thus the case has the concept of the spoken case. But this is a matter of congruence with the well-known fundamentalist building on the status of the expression in question. In order to solve the problem, many fundamentalists tried to present the appropriate evidence, but these arguments do not help to prove the concept of condition and from here this question arises on the surface: "How can the concept of condition be adopted in the conditional cases, where the structure of the bodies is not inconsistent with the one who says the concept in the conditional cases? " To remove this conflict and to arrive at a robust answer, we followed the analytical and descriptive method of tracing through the traceability of the fundamentalists in the specialized libraries of jurisprudence and assets. However, as we have shown in the article, attempts and solutions by major fundamentalists have not solved the problem, and the result is that the only solution is to disavow the famous foundation on the status of expression.

Due to different political, social and intrinsic reasons, contemporary poets have made use of symbols as artistic tools to express their own experiences. Among them, Shathel Taqa, as one of the pioneers of modern Iraqi poetry, has applied different historical, literary, and Islamic and religious symbols in his poems. With a descriptive and analytical method, the present article studies the characteristics of Job (AS) in two ballades by Taqa entitled "Job triumph" and "Job concerns". Job (AS) is famous for bearing hardships, showing patience in the face of adversity and being thankful to Almighty God and these characteristics of him have been used in contemporary poetry. The results show that Distressed social and political situation in Iraq and the Arabic world and the physical condition of the poet himself have had a dramatic effect on his spirit and have made him resort to Job’ s character to express the concerns and worries of himself and other people. Job’ s character is manifested in different ways in Taqa’ s poems, including Job as a symbol for patience, Tammuz, the oppressed Palestinians, the Palestinian, Job concerns and etc.

Najib Kilian a contemporary Egyptian writer, used history in his works to highlight the brilliant patterns of Arabic civilization and draw the efforts of the ancients to defend religion and create unprecedented glory. Sometimes his goal is to call for the history of contemporary events that made people disappointed, and through the revival of will and the emphasis on great efforts, he flames the hope of the lives of contemporary generations. The use of history in Kilani novels, however, is the expression of the great Islamic achievements and the ability of Islam to convert a Muslim human, which many Kilian novels of this type Works. Among these Islamic novels of his is “ Hamzahe’ s Assassin” novel. It is a historical novel that narrates the reflection of prophetic life through Vahshi bin Harb, the Ethiopian slave, from the beginning of Badr war till Vahshi’ s death in 25th AH. And this article studies the recalling of historical-religious heritage in this novel by using descriptive-analytic method. Among the article results are that writer’ s contemporary thoughts and contemporary human especially searching for freedom and sense of loneliness and the deterioration of the path of compromise with colonists is well presented in this novel.

The novel space is a new concept that researchers have difference in its definition. Space, contains all of locations elements and needs to be with permanently time and its opposite of location that requires stopping the time. Text space is the kind of space means beginning that includes implications that novels starts with it and also have direct relation with text and narrative elements. It's like key to entering the world of text. The purpose of this research is explaining the novels atmosphere as an element that contains all the narrative elements, then identifying important opening in Sharid al-Manazil novel. The research method is descriptive / analytical considering the discovery of the implications of the text space in the above novel that covers political matter like Lebanon's civil war. Religious differences are the main issue in opening this novel that makes the space. The most important result of this research is that novel beginnings are not only linked with narrative elements, but all the beginnings are connected to themselves and all of the matters like title, cover design and opening text contains signs that have relation with the main text. This novel has succeeded in Lebanon by these openings.

This research deals with the expressive, oral and discursive features of Imam Sajjad (pbuh) poems. Hence, the authors investigate the whole poem collection of the Imam under the premises that he has used different methods in the beginning parts of his ballades and eulogies. In this research by use of analytical and descriptive and this research uses relevant major reference books to explain these methods in order to show the impact of the mentioned methods on the structure of religious poems. The results of the research show that Imam Sajjad (pbuh) has used linguistic and syntactic methods to display the fact that sinners have gone away from the path of righteousness. These methods vary differently in imam’ s poetry. Sometimes, he summons up enemies and on the other occasions, he gives caution by making vows. Sometimes, he accompanies his words with different types of emphases. He also uses “ صار ” structure to make his audience think. He uses “ لی ت ” to express the wish to change the past and make an appropriate future. Thus, one can say that methods used in imam poems could be summarized as follows: summoning; repetition, question, vow, simile, present tense of “ I” pronoun, negating terms, request, and emphasis tools ( أ ن and ل ). Conversation, prohibition, conditionals, lack of news, exceptions, comparatives, صار, referring nouns and Comitative Object.

Time is one of the important narrative pillars that exist in every story and novel. Each narrative writing, including the events and behavior of the characters, is characterized by the presence of narrative time with its different manifestations of a clear presence adhering to them. Time is the thread of the novel and the basis that moves it forward and gives it the advantage of influence, impact and drama. Time contains the various techniques and methods used by the narrator in order to form a narrative story. In this article, we examined the three indicators: Sequentially, Duration and Frequency; in the sequentially, we talked about natural and industrial time, recovery techniques and prediction. We studied in the period four time conditions: jump, rest, and scene and concise. We spoke in frequency about the four different cases. The study concluded that the "futility of fates" novel is a historical novel in which the two cases of natural and non-natural condition, and the syntactic and manipulative situation, in which the chronological order was arranged, but did not neglect to employ some time-related manipulations corresponding to the space of the novel.

Identity is among the new expressions that gained importance which has a key role in the national integrity. This issue refers to a set of social, spiritual and material achievements with which the individuals and communities live. Considering the fact that the world is facing the growth that raises a variety of issues in front of human society, redefining identity that has been compatible with improvements is the basic need of the contemporary culture. Hence, the novel has not been away from this growing trend and played a key role in studies and observing daily events and its parameters. Magic realism is considered a new narration technique which carries social, political and cultural plan whose basis is identity and returning to itself. Since identity is the central focus of the novel, The Tiller of Waters, by Huda Barakat, one of the most prominent writers of magic realism of contemporary Lebanon. This research, through descriptive-analytical approach, tries to deal with the word identity and its structural role in the narrative structure, identifying the features of identity, crisis and its recall and the relationship between them, and the crucial proportions around the hero of story. The research concludes that the Identity crisis in The Tiller of Waters is the result of different factors, including surrender and disappears of the hero of the story against the passage of time, lack of feeling against place, perish and his hysterical fear during the war. The main character of the story that, due to internal pressures caused by the civil war in Lebanon, Seek a new meaning for its identity, has collapsed, using the collective unconscious of humanity, knits past with present and searched his lost originality in the history of Lebanon.