Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Year:2001 | Volume:10 | Issue:29|Papers Count:9

Background and purpose: Millions of children die because of accidents annually. Accidents in children occur in various forms, considering their age, a typical form of accident is more common. In our country also many children meet with an accident annually. Considering the occurrence of accident in children as an accident prone age group, recognition of different patterns of accidents could be of help in its prevention. Thereby a research about the accidents patterns in children under 15 years of age has been performed.Materials and Methods: In these descriptive study 2225 children under 15 years of age who were injured and referred to emergency centers of hospitals and forensic medicine centers in Mezandaran province for a period of one year were selected randomly. Method of data collection was interview by regular questionnaire with closed questions. For data analysis descriptive and analytic statistics and X2 test were used.Results: This study shows that falling (30.1%) and collision (26.6%) were the most common accidents. The difference between sex and type of accident was statistically significant (P<0.001) and also between the age and type of accident shows an statistically significant difference (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Since the accidents pattern in children under 15 years of age has been defined and identified, it is suggested that the preventive measures, specific for peculiar accidents in a particular area are effective steps in their decline.

Background and purpose: During present research the effects of low power helium-neon laser rediation on rabbits tibia after partial ostetomy were studied by quantitively histological methods.Materials and Methods: The type of the research was experimental. 42 male adult rabbits randomly divided into experimental (ex) and control (co) groups. Each group divided into 3 equall sub groups. Under general anesthesia and sterile conditions one incision were made on the soft tissue of medial aspects of the left tibia and then one small circular defect was made in the shaft of the tibia (partial osteotomy). The depth of defect was reached the central the chanal of bone. The day of surgery was day zero and next day was day one and etc .... In the ex group from day zero until 14th day at subgroup one and until 21th day at subgroup two and unril 28th day at subgroup three low power helium neon laser was irradiated on the defect by Grid technique. Energy density of the laser was 1.2 j/cm2. At the end of the above mentioned periods, rabbits were killed by ether and one sample were obtained from obtained from the defect. The samle fixed and decalcified and processed and embedded in parafin and sections were obtained from the block. Sections were stained by Hematoxyline and Eosin method and massons trichrome method.Sections were studied histologically by 2 following mthods: 1- Graded descriptively evaluation method. 2- Quantitative method. When sections were studied by the first method , according to the quality of maturation of the callus , they were graded from zero until 8. When section by the second method the depth of newly periosteum and callus were calculated by a special eyepiece. Tow groups were compared with each other by ann Whitney U test method.Results: Results of graded descriptively evaluation method of ex. group were lower than co. group at 14th day and were equall at 21 th day and were higher at 28th day but non of this differences weren't significant. Results of quantitative method of ex. Group were better than co. group and differences of increased depth of newly formed periosteum at 21th day were significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Low power helium-neon laser radiation on partial osteotomy of rabbits tibia were increased significantly the depth of newly formed periosteum and total depth of newly formed periosteum and callus at 21th day and results of graded descriptively evaluation method at 28th day were higher than control group.

Background and purpose: Because of the widespread presence of atropine and scopolamine as two major alkaloids in Datura stramonium plant, this study was conducted with following objective in mind:1. Isolation of the major alkaloids in Datura stramonium, grown in the city of Ahwaz, for the evaluation of the effects of climatic changes on the types and quality of these alkaloids.2. Identification and characterization of their structures by spectroscopic methods of IR, UN-VIS; MASS, 13 CNMR and HNMR.Materials and Methods: Atropine and scopolamine alkaloids were isolated by extraction of Datura stramonium in alcohol-Acid sotutions and then purification of atropine and scopolamine was done by thin layer chromatography (TLC) method.Results: Because of the complexity of the chemical structures of these alkaloids, their structures were determined and confirmed on the basis of their IR, NMR, UN-VIS and MASS Spectra.Conclusion: The major alkaloids in Datura stramonium plant are Atropine and Scopolamine.Environmental factors such as climatic changes and the cultivation place did not have any significant effect on the quality and quantity of these alkaloids.

Background and purpose: Anthrax is a zoon otic disease common between animals and man which is caused by a gram positive spore forming bacillus, known as Bacillus Anthracis.This disease is still one of the causes of health problems in developing countries.Chahar Mahal Bakhtyari state is one of the agricultural and animal breeding centers of Iran and annually many of the human and animals die of this disease.Materials and Methods: A study done on so Cutaneous anthrax patients at infectious disease ward of Ayatollah Kashani hospital in shahre Kord.Results: The findings were as follows:-It was more prevalent in the age groups of 11-20 years old, and there were more cases in males than females.-Most of the patients were infected in summer season, and 96% of them were from rural areas. 32% of cases had history of contact with animals and 12% insect bites -The most infected organs were face, hands and arms. 100% of cases had non pitting oedema, and 80% had necrotic lesions with surrounding erythema.Fever, headache and regional lymphadenopathy was observed in 78% , 64% and 42% respectively.-Helpful laboratory diagnostic criterias were ESR, Leucocytosis and positive CRP, but final confirmation is based on preperation of an smear from the exudates and culture on mediums.-All the patients were treated with penicillin and 92% of the patients were relieved of fever three days after initiation of treatment. In this study the mortality rate was zero percent and the most common side effect was the secondary infection at the site of the wound.Conclusion: It is concluded that in endemic areas, all wound cases with nonpitting oedema with or without necrotic lesions should be considered for anthrax, and more knowledge about the disease in the developing countries and development of medical researches specially for the purpose of prevention would help in decline of the number of infected cases.

Background and purpose: Since headache is one of the common problems in children and adolescents and only a minority of them has a life threatening intracranial lesions and performing brain CT scan in many of such cases is costly, therefore it was decided to evaluate the findings of brain CT scan of children with chronic and recurrent headache.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 300 children of 5-15 years of age with a complaint of chronic recurrenthead-ache in kashan in 1999.History of present illness, physical and neurological examinations and also brain CT scan was done. Data were recorded in special questionnaires and analyzed statistically.Results: Patients under study comprised of 53.3% girls and 46.7% boys with mean age of 10.3 ± 2.85.The most common type of headache was migraine with the frequency of 45.3%. brain CT scan was normal in 98% of the patients and only six patients(2%) had abnormal brain CT scan.All the patients with abnormal neurological findings had also abnormal brain CT scan (sensitivity=100%), and all the patients with normal neurological examinations had a normal brain CT scan (specificity=100%) the correlation between physical finding and brain CT scan was 100%.Conclusion: Performing brain CT scan is not necessary in all children with chronic and recurrent headache, and it is only recommended in patients with positive findings on physical or neurological examinations.

Background and purpose: The families who take care of their mentally retarded children are faced with numerous problems.These problems are varied correspondingly with the degree of redardation, physical disability and the excitement associated with it, interests, values and other external conditions of members.Regarding the importance of this subject, in order to determine the stress factors and adjustment mechanisms in the parents of mentally retarded children, this study was conducted.Materials and Methods: A descriptive study done on 98 parents of mentally retarded children. Sampling was done by census.Results: The findings showed three domains of stress factors. The highest level of stress in the social domin in mother and father was 62% and 54% respectively. The highest level of adjustment related to the psychological domin in mother and father was 58% and 61% respectively.On the basis of relationship between stress factors and parental demographic variants, there were relationship between the level of education, occupational status of parents, marital status, the duration of marriage, number of mentally retarded Children, age of mentally retarded children and the time of diagnosis of mental retardation and the stress factors.There were also relationship between adjustment mechanisms with parental demographic variants such as; occupational status, duration of marriage, the number of mentally retarded children, the sex of mentally retarded children. and the duration of the education of children.Conclusion: According to the results, we could say that the level of stress in mothers is more than the fathers, and it was shown that fathers have more adjustmental abilities as compare to mothers.

Background and purpose: Since estimation of weight in study of intrautrine growth retardation (IUGR) is important therefore this study was conducted due to importance of weight in premature fetus and macrosomia and estimation of weight in mothers with premature rupture of membranes (PROM).In this propective study it was tried to find out the best and possible formula to estimale the fetal growth on the basis of parameters such as: BPD, FL and AC.Materials and Methods: Hundred pregnant mothers, referred to Esfahan educational hospital, who delivered about a week after sonography were selected. The fetal weight was estimated according to parameters of BPD, FL and AC by four formulas (Three hadlock and one shepart) then compared with the real birth weight to achive the results.Results: The results showed that E4 formula (one of the Had lock formulas using all the three parameters) is the best with standard deviation 28 g/kg.Conclusions: Due to the development in sonography and determination of BPD, FL and AC, the estimation of fetal weight is possible with a minimal error.

Wolfram (DIDMOAD) Synd usually presents with diabetes mellitus & following that optic atrophy usually happens.In this report we present a case about 23 year old age that has presented with diabetes mellitus since age of 9 Y/O.