JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND URBAN SPACE DEVELOPMENT
Year:2015 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 (2)|Papers Count:12

Introduction: Social capital consists of a collection of norms and laws and unofficial networks which provide companionship, trust and collective effort for obtaining public merchandise and entails those aspects of social structure which facilitate collective effort (Suzuki, 2010) and provide people with resources to attain their objectives. Among the many recent changes can be the soaring participation rate of women, specifically their ever-increasing participation and presence as official workforce (Nozari, 2001). Considering the structural transformation of labor market and decentralization of macro structures in favor of flexibility and workshop based production, social capital can have an invaluable place for empowering women of unofficial settlements.

1. Introduction: With the advent of several difficulties in urban space, the policy makers of urban development are inclined to rethink in the urban ruling paradigm using both a classic economy and a bottom-up approach toward environmental and humanistic attitudes. Accordingly, one of the great teachings of the 20th century is that the main issue in the management of human societies is not only limited to their method and level of understanding, but the way forces and influential institutions are influenced to improve the social environment is also of high importance.

Introduction: Throughout the 20th century, the rapid growth of urbanization and development of mechanical means of transportation have led to the influx of people to the cities. Urban development, without taking natural hindrances into account, will cause many problems. The present study has been conducted with the aim of identifying Geomorphological limitations of Songor’s physical development and proper location finding for future development. To this end, topographical, geomorphological and land-use maps together with the data obtained from Meteorological organization, library resources, and field survey have been used.

Introduction: Old urban textures are among the most invaluable and precious cultural heritages, which attest to a grand and honorable civilization. Nowadays, historic and old areas are, mostly, afflicted with natural erosion resulting from the passage of time, presence of humans and its concomitant factors. Gradually, these textures are frayed and paying attention to the ancient structures of old cities, planning for keeping, reviving and organizing their fundamental framework can be conducive to the survival of a city. The first aim of the present study is to answer the question concerning the extant potentials and limitations of cultural, economic and physical development of old texture and the strategies and solutions leading to a comprehensive and sustainable development.

The number and ratio of senior citizens (60 years old and above) in the world is increasing. Although the number and ratio of them varies in different parts of the world, its ratio to the total population of the earth has increased from 8.6% in 1980 to 12.3% in 2015 and is expected to reach 21.5% in 2050. Although this is a promising issue, aging and the increase in the number of the elderly is a phenomenon which, if neglected, can create a lot of serious problems for many societies in the future.

Introduction: An accurate understanding of today’s world conditions requires that "national security" is not solely defined in terms of military, but other aspects such as "social, economic, and cultural security" are considered for maintaining and improving the national and international authority (Mandel, 1999, p.77). Throughout the human history, security has been among the most important and common issues, and while it has undertaking major shifts, its importance has never diminished yet increased and new dimensions have emerged.

Introduction: Mixed land use refers to locating different kinds of land usage like residential, business, office, entertainment, and etc. that are close to each other. This can occur at different scales, like combining inside the buildings (It is common in buildings with the office at the first floor and the residential part at higher floors), alongside the streets, and in neighborhood units. It may also include different types of buildings and their prices which lead to income and population classification (Litman & Steele, 2013).

Introduction: The present research analyzes the role of mosques as the most widespread, pervasive social network and examines their place in district development in Holy Mashhad. The analysis is done through investigating the variables related to the multifold activities of mosques in neighborhoods and evaluating neighborhood dweller’s reception of activities and programs offered and foundations laid by mosques. The variables related to the multifold activities of mosques pivot on eight general points (i.e., the role of mosques in enriching people’s free time, creation of a cultural atmosphere, offering financial aides, staging religious-cultural ceremonies and meetings, increasing the participation rate of neighborhood dwellers, offering consultation, prioritizing neighborhoods’ issues, problems and needs, and enhancing individual and social security through increased internal and external surveillance).

Introduction: Under the impact of global economy, in many parts of the world, urbanization has been and is accelerating, and has changed the appearance of the earth. With the rise in urban population and the increasingly rising trend of migration from villages to cities, the social, economic, environmental and physical aspects of the city have drastically changed. The environment of the city has changed from a static to a dynamic and conflicting one. Urbanization, as an inevitable and accelerated process, has substantially developed by the end of the twentieth century.

Introduction: Spatial cohesion has always been the major concern for urban managers and planners. This concern is, on one hand, due to the relevance of such an issue to the formative style of space, and, on the other hand, is related to the intellectual and ideological foundations of the societies. In the present conditions, due to the growing developments of cities, the huge number of decisions and decision makers, the number of projects and urban development plans as well as the increase in the variety of urban space, spatial cohesion has turned to be one of the most problematic issues.

Introduction: Economically, tourism is of growing importance to many nations and is recognized as the largest source of export earnings in the world as well as an important provider of the employment and growth in foreign exchange. Tourism industry is one of the most important income-generating industries in the world. Tourism and its related activities have been developed considerably during the last decades. Indeed, it can be said that tourism is a gainful and advantageous industry which should be considered by tourism planners and marketers.