GEOGRAPHICAL URBAN PLANNING RESEARCH
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

The rate of urban livability is directly related to urban services, population density, spatial identity, the presence of green space, the economic status of residents and the accessibility of urban facilities and infrastructure. Accordingly, indicators and criteria for measuring the urban livability of the cities are introduced. The purpose of this research is to identify the effective indicators in urban planning and development with a sustainable development approach in order to assess Kish Island's livability. The sample size of this research includes 54 officials and experts in tourism, urban planning and development of Kish Free Zone Organization, and professors and experts of other fields related to urban and tourism. The results of the questionnaires were calculated using SPSS software and T-test. ANOVA test was used to study and compare the quality of life sustainability indicators in political, managerial, social and cultural, economic and environmental dimensions. The results show that this test is significant at a high level of 99% and (sig = 0/000). In other words, it can be said that the minimum mean of one of the dimensions of survival with other dimensions has a significant difference. Duncan's post hoc test was used to check the accuracy. The results show that the political, managerial and economic dimensions are respectively 2. 4932 and 2. 9342, with the lowest score, and the environmental and social dimensions, cultural, with a mean of 3. 1914 and 3. 2242 respectively, is in a better position.

Following the increase in population and the growth of urbanization in recent decades, the natural landscape is becoming a human landscape, and the urban open space has become a constructed area. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of four widely used urban spectral indices in order to separate the areas built from other uses in two different cities and compare it with the results of object-oriented classification to extract the constructed areas. For this purpose, the normalized difference indices of the constructed areas, the urban index, the normalized index of the constructed areas and the extraction index of the constructed areas from the OLI satellite images of Landsat 8 satellite for the two cities of Tehran and Gorgan have been calculated. Autos automatic thresholding method has been used to separate the constructed and un constructed areas. The research findings showed that spectral indicators in different urban areas do not have the same performance and the accuracy of extraction of constructed areas by applying these indicators does not exceed the accuracy of object-oriented classification. The overall accuracy of the object-oriented classification in extracting the constructed areas in Tehran is 92% and in Gorgan is 91%. The best spectral index of the constructed areas for the city of Tehran was the extraction index of the constructed areas with an overall accuracy of 82% and for the city of Gorgan, the normal index of the constructed areas with a total accuracy of 86%

The present study aims to compare the capacity of sustainable regeneration in urban areas with a rusty texture and informal texture in Marivan city of Kurdistan province in 2016 implemented. The research method is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of implementing and information collecting is descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of this research includes all residents in the rusty and informal texture areas of Marivan city, from these two groups, Chaharbagh and Lyanhikh from the worn texture, Musc and Hop of Musc and Nowbahar from the informal tissue were randomly selected. The statistical analysis of this research showed From the perspective of residents of the neighborhoods aimed at improving social conditions as the first indicator in sustainable urban regeneration, the economic prosperity as the second indicator in regeneration; physical enhancement as the third indicator in regenerating and improving the ecological status has been raised as the fourth indicator in regeneration. Sustainable urban regeneration capacity is high in the subscales of socio-cultural conditions, economic prosperity, environmental status and the improvement of physical quality in the worn out tissue. The sustainability of urban regeneration capacity in these subscales in the informal context is moderate. Sustainable urban regeneration capacity is high in the rusty texture and in the informal texture is moderate.

One of the most important consequences of rapid urbanization and the physical development of cities in recent decades in Iran has been the disruption of the distribution system of urban services, hence, the inequality in the provision thereof. Therefore, the most important mission of urban managers and planners in this field is to try to realize the goal of “ equal opportunities” in providing access to urban services for all urban strata and eliminate the conflicts in providing educational and healthcare services and the like. The present study is a developmental applied research in terms of its objectives and a descriptive-analytic research in terms of its methods. A thorough literature review was conducted for data collection via library resources. In fact, some of the data needed for this study were collected from library resources or the reports provided by organizations involved in urban management. Each public service is assessed in terms of the frequency and distribution of different elements of public services in different neighborhoods of the city. The results of the study indicate a severe shortage of public services at the neighborhood level in Bojnourd city such that in some neighborhoods, there is no such thing as a health center, a park or a school. The results indicate that neighborhoods development coefficients range from a minimum of 2. 3 to a maximum of 0. 25 such that the neighborhood 7-4 ranks first (featuring the highest development coefficient) whereas the neighborhood 10-1 ranks 41st among the neighborhoods of Bojnourd city.

There is no comprehensive model for quantitative calculation of resiliency. To this end, using documentation studies and expert opinions, the conceptual model of the resiliency of cities against earthquakes were extracted. It is considered that resiliency has social, economics, technical, physical, institutional, and security dimensions. The 6th municipal district of Tehran was considered as case study. Using the proposed index and considering three seismic scenarios, the effectiveness of technical-physical and socio-economics strategies in improving the resiliency of the studied district were compared. In order to better compare strategies, the costs of implementing strategies and the time span of their implementation are also estimated. The weights of social, economic, technical, physical, institutional, and security dimensions were 0. 198, 0. 153, 0. 136, 0. 202, 0. 151 and 0. 159, respectively. The value of the resiliency index is 0. 458, 0. 454 and 0. 456 in North-Tehran fault, Ray fault the floating scenario, respectively. At the best case, the S3 strategy improved the RI by about 33% in all the three assumed seismic scenarios. The T3 strategy for the case of the North Tehran fault scenario improved RI by 31% and in other two seismic scenarios, the improvement was about 28%. S3 strategy is the best strategy for increasing the overall resiliency index considering the cost of implementation as decision measure and the weakest strategy is T1 in this regard. Nevertheless, in terms of the time span as decision measure T1 is the optimal strategy. In the short run, T1 and, in the long run, S2 are the best strategies.

Cultural Ecosystem Services are non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems. CES are connected to human health and well-being and cannot be out sourced, they are provided by linkages between people and the environment they live in. Todays with the unfavorable development and rapid growth of Isfahan as the third largest city in the country without the necessary infrastructure, in addition, the age of modernity and the capitalist world and the process of modernization, is no longer conceptualized by pure urban culture. So, obtaining cultural ecosystem services by people are becoming endangered. With direct relation between tourism and culture, this study target to identify wether tourism had able to develop cultural ecosystem services in Isfahan, district 3. In this research, library studies were used to collect data and information, as well as field studies including interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in two ways: the statistical population of this study included experts in tourism and urban planning and citizens of Isfahan region 3 (n = 383). Validity was confirmed by the views of professors and experts, and reliability was also confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0. 93. Then statistical software such as LISREL and SPSS were used for analysis. It is worth noting that the results show that there is a significant relationship between tourism and cultural services in Isfahan region 3 (standard co-efficient = 0. 43 and T =7. 27) and 20% of cultural services changes due to tourism.

One of the most prominent features of the historical core of cities is the presence of precious physical elements and textures. With the global registration of Yazd's historical context in UNESCO and its emergence in tourism, the preservation of this texture and its sustainable development are more felt. The Forecasting approach allows for the best possible use of future opportunities and to avoid negative consequences as far as possible by identifying the future opportunities and threats of urban contexts. The purpose of the present study is to identify the key variables are effective in resolving the existing problems in the historical context of Yazd and to investigate the relationships between the variables and how they affect each other. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical. The nature of the data is qualitative and the method of data collection is library, documentary and survey. In this regard, the opinions of 15 experts in the historical context of Yazd city have been used to identify key factors. In the next step, the forces driving the development of the Sheshbadgir district are identified and these factors are prioritized based on the degree of uncertainty and then the scenarios are formed. Accordingly, the most important priorities are to improve the state of exhaustion, reduce crowding and improve the safety of the Sheshbadgir district. The solutions are suggested such as government loans for refurbishment, refurbishment and renovation of residential units, refurbishment and design of sidewalks, raising public awareness of the historical context, providing more facilities and a favorable environment for investment by tourism companies.

Marginalization and unofficial housing is a phenomenon that has followed structural changes and emerging socioeconomic problems such as rapid urbanization and unstable migration in most countries, especially in third world countries. Given the increasing volume and trend of such settlements, different approaches have been proposed to solve the problem of marginalization. One of these approaches is to empower citizens to accept citizenship rights and move towards public participation. The overall objective of this research is to identify the factors that facilitate the empowerment of suburbs in Isfahan. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 10 general and 45 specialized questions whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test at 0. 852. The statistical population of the study was inhabitants of Asheghabad neighborhood with a sample size of 157. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and structural equation modeling in AMOS software. The result of applying t-test at 95% confidence level with a significance level less than 0. 05 confirms the effectiveness of all the variables studied. The results also show that achieving empowerment of the residents of Asheghabad neighborhood by improving effective indicators in five physical, social, cultural, environmental and economic dimensions with covariance weights of 0. 82, 0. 78, 0. 73, 0. 56, 0. 53 that the highest efficacy was observed in the physical dimension.

Semantic differentiation is one of the most widely used methods in the descriptive and qualitative analysis of urban spaces. Traditional and contemporary urban spaces have always been judged by people and experts. This method can serve as a scientific basis for judging these target groups. The purpose of this paper is to test the semantic differentiation technique in the qualitative analysis of an urban space (Sepah Qazvin Street) in order to make a judgment on the characteristics of this technique. The main issue of research is the compatibility of objective and subjective components and examining the differences and differences between these components in the qualitative analysis of urban scape. The research method used in this study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method and method it is an analytical descriptive with emphasis on content analysis method. Indicators and components of urban space quality improvement are divided into two objective (beauty, order, continuity, repetition, symmetry and transparency) and subjective (meaning, authenticity, tranquility, readability, attractiveness and harmony). The results indicate that the perceptions of objective and subjective components of urban landscapes are different between people and experts and the qualities of mental components in the specified urban spaces are unfavorable.

The basic approach of NWHS is to preserve nature alongside the aesthetic representation of natural landscapes. The concept of ecological sustainability is also the product of visual aesthetics, geography, and ecology. The purpose of this study is to provide a descriptive and objective assessment (for NWHS and Ecological indices) and perceptual (Viewing Experience) of urban green spaces. This is holistic and comprehensive research and a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. We first examined the literature on cultural ecosystem services, landscape and environmental issues, and sustainability in the landscape of green spaces to extract the indices needed for the value of landscape aesthetics. By collecting information and questionnaires and analyzing them, an accurate estimation of sample size was done by geographical proportional sampling method and 150 questionnaires in 17 points for measuring criteria. Ecological criteria with a score of 0. 422 and viewing experience with a score of 0. 304 and NWHS with a score of 0. 274 were ranked first to third in influencing the landscape aesthetics of the study area. The most aesthetic value is the central core of the National Botanical Garden, Chitgar, Khargoush Dareh and Azadi, the eastern half of Tehran Waterfall (especially the northeast) and the central part of Javanmardan. Finally, it should be noted that although aesthetics is a comprehensive process, it is difficult to emphasize a number of indicators and may yield different results in different studies. Also, the main challenge is those aesthetics are not the main concern of urban researchers and theorists.