Environmental Erosion Research
Year:2018 | Volume:8 | Issue:2 (30)|Papers Count:6

1-Introduction: The present study was performed to investigate the effects of slope percentage and land use type on the produced sediment by an artificial rainfall simulator in Kakasharaf watershed, a branch of Karkhe watershed (Lorestan province). . . .

1-Introduction: There are strong links between the availability of water for agricultures and livestock productions, and the incomes for poor rural nation. Rainfall variations, particularly droughts, effect on their living as well One meaning of increasing people’ s resilience to these shocks is to store water in dams – so that crops can be irrigated and cattle watered during dry seasons. Many of the small dams are constructed in semi-arid regions of Africa which is rapidly filled with sediments and sometimes only after a few years. When dams silt up the rural areas that is relied on them for cattle watering or smallscale irrigations that deprived of the water and food security that dams provide them, and their source of income is seriously affected too. Predicting soil erosions, sediment yields and dam sedimentation rates can be a complex task, it requires professional experts, and in generally it has poorly covered in small dam design manuals. These results in many small dams constructed with little or no consideration of the impact of future siltation of a dam’ s life or on water yields. This issue is poorly covered in most small dam design manuals, which mostly focuses on civil engineering designing and construction aspects. A capability to estimate future siltation rates in small dams is essential to ensure that: dams are not constructed in catchments with excessively high sediment yields; dams are sized correctly; catchments where the rapid introduction of soil and water conservation or other measures will be essential if a reasonable dam life is being obtained, are identified early enough for remedial activities to have a significant impact on dam siltation....

1-Introduction: Urmia Lake as the largest domestic lake in Iran is drying. Climate change in the northwest of Iran, rainfall reduction and evaporation, due to the increase in average temperature in the Northwest of the country accompanied with the involvement of human factors such as dam construction, have caused an irreparable environmental hazard in the northwestern of Iran. Undoubtedly, extending the frequency of events and expanding the range of salt dust originating from the bed of Urmia Lake is the most important consequence of the lake’ s dryness (Zarasavandi, 2014). There have been various ideas about the risk of salt dust caused by the dryness of Urmia Lake. It seems that some of them do not have an exact scientific basis. In this article, the north-eastern zone of Urmia Lake is divided into different parts in terms of texture and sediments and has been investigated for the potential of salt dust generation....

1-Introduction: Soil erosion is a process in which soil is separated from its original bed and transported to another location with the help of a moving agent [17]. Soil erosion is one of the serious problems in the watersheds of Iran and can be considered as one of the most important barriers to sustainable agriculture and natural resources development [6]. Soil erosion results in the destruction of agricultural land, the reduction of soil fertility, environmental negative impacts, and a very important threat to the sustainable production of agricultural products [8]. Erosion, the result or results of the interaction of a set of natural and human factors, which, in accordance with the specific circumstances of the region, are one or more factors acting as the main and determining factors [7]. In general, erosion is a natural phenomenon that human activities can exacerbate. Historical evidence suggests that erosion and destruction of soil have resulted in the collapse and destruction of human civilizations [9]. Awareness of the extent of erosion in catchment areas, the possibility of comparing them and identifying critical basins and implementing watersheds. The amount of erosion and destruction of the land requires the zoning of erosion of the land for the preparation and collection of information [8]. Destruction of vegetation (especially the plant species of moss, which is the dominant species of the region) and the cutting of trees and shrubs (oak and orange trees, which form the largest area of the forests of the area) cause soil to be deflated against erosion and cause debris to be gutted and even swept away. . . .

1-Introduction: Fluvial and aeolian processes are important factors in changing the surface of morphology in the Earth. When rivers and sand dunes meet, the transportation of sediment between them can lead to one of the systems or both of them change. With their connection between river sediment and wind systems there would be lots of reactions, but very little has been studied. According to the previous studies in Iran, river and wind systems have been studied separately. Whereas ground-level processes rarely interact with each other, there is so many important proofs that river and wind processes simultaneously are interacting. The interaction between these two processes is important for mantaining the purposes of an intergrated management of fluvial and aeolian systems, considering the wide vastness of Iran’ s effect by wind and river erosion. This research is the first inventory of interactions between rivers and sand dunes with the aim of systematically analyzing of the interactions between fluvial and aeolian geomorphology and determining the dominance of Fluvial and aeolian systems in different environments....

1-Introduction: Erosion is a geomorphologic and natural process that is always seen across the world, but this process is triggered by human activities, such as road construction, resulting in a significant negative impact on water resources, soil, environment and national economy. According to the above, preventing soil erosion is an important target in the management and conservation of natural resources. Basic measures to reduce road environmental damage begin at the design stage. There are, however, erosion-sensitive areas in the embankment slopes that are created in various dimensions and in different ways during use of the road. Areas with mild slopes and low area, over the time, are naturally stabilized and restored, but larger or sloping mountainous areas, are stabilized and rebuilt or, despite the passage of time, not only stable, but also increasing the extent of destruction levels. Geotextiles are additives and permeability that are used in conjunction with soil, rock, or any materials associated with geotechnical engineering as a supplement, which modifies and sustains the soil structure. Geotextiles are divided into two groups of the original structure and the original disorganized structure in a general classification. They are made of synthetic fibers (polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide) or natural fibers (hemp, coconut fiber, chips, rice straw and grains, palm leaves) in different designs in terms of size and shape and according to their functions and needs. In this study, the effectiveness of protective treatment, including two types of uncontrolled natural straw geotextile and rice straw and wood chips on the establishment and emergence of two species of woody and native forests including alder forests and forest canola (jaw), as well as soil erosion In the ridge of the forest road was carried out....