APPLIED FAMILY THERAPY
Year:2020 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:7

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of laughter yoga training on mental health and quality of life in women with diabetes. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups, pre-test design, post-test, and two-month follow-up. The statistical population was 70 people, female teachers with diabetes in schools of 1 and 2 regions of Education in Zahedan in 2018. These individuals were identified by sending a circular from the Ministry of Education, 60 of whom met the research's inclusion and exclusion criteria. These 60 people were randomly divided into two groups of 30 experimental and control. Medical Laughter Yoga Program (2012) was performed on the experimental group members in 8 60-minute group sessions. The mental health and quality of life of both experimental and control groups were measured using the Goldenberg and Hiller (1978) General Health, and the quality of the life of Parkerson, Berhadot, and Tess (1990) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed analysis of variance test. Results: The results showed the effect of laughter yoga training on physical symptoms (F = 4. 55, P = 0. 037), anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders (F = 3. 33, P =. 024), social function (F =4. 35, P = 0. 041), depressive symptoms (F = 4. 92, P =. 030) and total mental health score (F = 3. 68, P =. 046) and total quality of life score (F = 6. 63, P =. 021) and the stability of this effect was in the follow-up stage. Conclusion: The findings show that laughter yoga affects increasing the mental health and quality of life of women with diabetes.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy on couple's functional flexibility and distress tolerance. Method: The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and control group with quarterly follow-up; The statistical population were couples referring to Avae Daroon, Rahnama Counseling Centers, and Mehr Shahr Hospital Counseling Center in Tehran in the period from May to June 2018 that 60 couples volunteered to participate in the study answered to Connor and Davidson functional Flexibility Questionnaire (2003) and Simons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (2005). After the screening, 30 couples were selected and randomly assigned to the emotionally focused experimental group (15 couples) and the control group (15 couples). The experimental group underwent Johnson's (2012) emotionally focused intervention for eight sessions of 90 minutes and the data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed variance analysis. Results: The results showed the effect of emotionally focused intervention on functional flexibility (F = 29. 75, P = 0. 001) and distress tolerance (F = 12. 14, P =. 004) and the stability of this effect in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: This intervention caused couples to shift focus from their spouse's behavior and focus on their own behavior, thus stopping the use of these communication barriers and while increasing tolerance, by learning the right communication program, we were able to improve their relationship and flexibility; Therefore, this is an effective intervention for the treatment of functional flexibility and distress tolerance of couples.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate alexithymia's prediction in adolescent girls based on early maladaptive schemas and parental mind theory. Method: This was a descriptive correlational study and the statistical population was the secondary high school girls in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019, which using random multi-stage cluster sampling method first among the secondary schools for girls in regions 5, 9, 12, and 21 of Tehran was selected, and three high schools were selected from each region and 300 students were selected to participate in the research based on the Cochran's formula, maintaining the principle of confidentiality and consent. Toronto Emotional Dysfunction Questionnaire (1994), Young's Early Maladaptive Schema Short Questionnaire (1998), and Baron-Cohen Mind Reading Test (2001) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the scores of the components of the initial maladaptive schemas of the parents with the alexithymia of the girls (P = 0. 01); There is also a negative and significant relationship between the score of parent's mind theory and alexithymia (P = 0. 01). Also, stepwise regression coefficients showed that the standard schemas such as stubbornness (β = 0. 24, P = 0. 001), self-disciplinary (β = 0. 33, P = 0. 001), and abusive (β = 0. 41, P = 0. 001), Mind theory (β = 0. 43, P = 0. 001), Release (β = 0. 48, P = 0. 001), Emotional inhibition (β = 0. 50, P= 0. 001), imperfection and shame (β = 0. 52, P = 0. 001), and entitlement (β = 0. 53, P = 0. 001) were able to predict alexithymia. Conclusion: Maladaptive schemas affect female students' alexithymia; therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to maladaptive schemas and mind theory in parents in correcting and treating people with maladaptive schemas and alexithymia.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of rhythmic movement game training on reducing separation anxiety in children aged 5 to 6 years. Method: Quasi-experimental research method with pre-test-post-test design with a control group and two-month follow-up and the population studied in this study were 29 children aged 5 to 6 years with separation anxiety referred to the specialized family and child clinic of Shahid Beheshti University in 2018. After screening with the Separation Anxiety Scale of Hahn, Hajinlian, Eisen, Winder, and Pincus (2003) 24 children were selected purposefully and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (12 children in each group). The experimental group underwent the Rafie Rhythmic Movement Games training package for 8 sessions (2012), but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that rhythmic movement game training affects the total score of separation anxiety (F = 10. 60, P = 0. 004), fear of being alone (F = 7. 43, P = 0. 012), fear of abandonment. (F = 10. 31, P = 0. 004), fear of physical illness (F = 10. 09, P = 0. 004) and worry about calamitous events (F = 3. 97, P = 0. 049). And this effect was sustained in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: Teaching rhythmic movement games is an effective strategic intervention to reduce separation anxiety in children. Based on the results of this study, child counselors and psychologists can be suggested to use this treatment to try to reduce separation anxiety in children.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to predict mental health based on psychological hardiness, emotional intelligence and cognitive triad in mothers with slow-learning students. Method: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of 132 mothers with Slow-Learning student’ s reffering to school for slow learners during 2017-2018 in Tehran. From this community 78 mothers were selected through non-probability and convenience sampling method and responded to Ahvaz hardiness inventory (1998), Petrides and Furnhams emotional intelligence scale (2001), Beckham’ s cognitive triad inventory (1986) and Goldberg general health questionnaire (1979). The data were analyzed by multiple regression Inter method. Results: The results showed that psychological hardiness can predict the mental health of mothers with slow-learning students (P = 0. 01, β = 0. 41). The results also showed that the components of emotional intelligence (P = 0. 01), components of optimism and control of emotions (P = 0. 01) & among cognitive Triad components, view to self and view to future (P = 0. 01) can predict mothers’ mental health. Conclusion: Cognitive personality and high emotional intelligence as well as positive perspective to self and future in mothers with slow-learning student can lead to their mental health.

Aim: This study aimed to design a structural model for predicting marital satisfaction based on attachment styles and life orientation with the mediating role of sensation seeking in married women. Method: It is a correlational research and the statistical population was 1854 married women referring to health centers in the north of Tehran in 2018. Using random sampling, Azgol, Araj, Niavaran, and Bagh Ferdows neighborhoods were selected, and from these neighborhoods based on Sample Power software, 350 women were selected. Then, Enrich's (1989) Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire, Collins and Reed's Adult Attachment Questionnaire (1990), Shearer and Carver's (1985) Life Orientation, and Zuckerman's (1978) Sensation Seeking Questionnaire were completed and the data were analyzed using Smart Plus structural equations. Results: The results showed that the direct path of model fit of secure (β = 0. 62), anxious (β =-0. 65), and avoidant (β =-0. 43) attachment style, life orientation optimistic perception (β = 0. 46) and pessimistic perception (β =-0. 57) and sensation seeking (β = 0. 59) have a positive effect on marital satisfaction. Structural model can also predicate marital satisfaction based on secure (β = 0. 53), anxious (β =-0. 65), and avoidant (β =-0. 43) attachment style, optimistic perception (β = 0. 42) and pessimistic perception (β =-0. 45) through sensation seeking mediation. Conclusion: The results show that the design of an appropriate structural model for predicting marital satisfaction based on attachment styles and life orientation with the mediating role of sensation seeking is consistent with the theoretical model and has a good fit; Therefore, for the cohesion and creation of a desirable marital relationship, it is possible to improve couples' relationships by recognizing the emotions of each couple, the type of attachment style and the confrontation of their psychological elements.