Social capital Management
Year:2021 | Volume:7 | Issue:4|Papers Count:6

Due to the conflict of interests, the intensified imbuement of the human interrelationships with avarice, and the constant struggle for the attainment of more benefits, the creation of an appropriate and effective sanction has been taken into account in all legal systems. Consequently, this point has been deemed as one of the important indicators in setting rules and regulations within the business activities, too. The more this sanction agrees with the active forces of the social arena, the cultural norms, and especially the jurisprudential rules acknowledged by the majority of the society, the more the legal rules and regulations related to these norms will be taken into account (due to their intermingling of the two elements of legitimacy and popularity) as social capital and as a reliable point that will bring about businesspersons’ trust. On the contrary, when these factors lead to conflicting behaviors, they will result in the reduction of trust in governmental rules and regulation, behavioral conflicts among market actors, disinterest in regulations, violation of law, and finally the breakup of economic and business relations; moreover, intense conflict will occur between the legal system and the social behaviors that will lead to the reduction or loss of the social capital that is related to the rules. In fact, the foundation of the rules of the society on Islamic jurisprudence and the explication of legal verdicts in the light of jurisprudential bases in the Islamic society is a valuable social capital that should not be ignored by the governmental officials. The goal-oriented view to legal verdicts in the Islamic government and the analysis of the legal regulations based on the human dignity and human rights as emphasized by Islamic jurisprudence have their roots in the specific methodology of Islamic jurisprudence and help with the explanation and rereading of the Islamic law. The adoption of this view to the Competition Law and the anti-competition practices increases the legitimacy and popularity of legal rules.

The employee extra-role proactive behaviors are among the behaviors that can have a great impact on the success of the organization. Therefore, studying the factors affecting the occurrence of these behaviors is very important. This study aimed to investigate the effect of psychological capital on proactive extra-role behaviors with an emphasis on the mediating role of organizational social capital. This research was a descriptive and correlation survey in terms of methodology and an applied survey in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of the staff of Day Insurance Headquarters, out of whom a sample of 205 employees was selected through convenience sampling. The required data was collected by a questionnaire and analyzed based on the structural equation modeling using the partial least squares method. The findings showed that psychological capital and organizational social capital have a positive and significant effect on proactive extra-role behaviors including helping behaviors and employees' voice. Furthermore, the mediating role of organizational social capital in the effect of psychological capital on employees’ extra-role behaviors was confirmed as well.

Nowadays, in the age of information technology, utilizing high quality e-police services is an effective strategy to involve citizens in solving social problems and harms such as drug trafficking. This study aimed at explaining the impact of the quality of e-police services on citizens’ participation in preventing the distribution of drugs. This study was a quantitative, applied, and descriptive-survey research project in terms of methodology, purpose, and nature, respectively. The statistical population included undergraduate students of policing and of graduate students of crime prevention at the Amin Police University, who had had a long history of executive activity in the field of drugs distribution prevention. The sample size was comprised of 108 participants, and Ekaabi, Khalid and Davidson’ s (2020) and Jazini and Dehghani’ s (1396) questionnaires were used to measure the variables. The validity of the instrument was determined through face validity and confirmatory factor analysis, while their reliability was calculated using Chronbach’ s alpha. To test the hypotheses, the data was analyzed using the SPSS version 22 and Smart PLS software packages. The results showed that various dimensions of the quality of e-police services have a positive and significant (0. 69) effect (at the confidence interval of 0. 01) on the participation of citizens in preventing the distribution of drugs. The quality of e-police services can also predict 0. 38 percent of changes in citizen participation in preventing drug distribution. The results showed that the integration of the various dimensions of the quality of e-police services and the ease of access of citizens to the required information through the police web-based systems and online information centers increases the possibility of citizens’ participation in drug prevention programs.

Social pessimism is a reflection of the society conditions and is rooted in numerous social factors. Social capital is an important variable that influences social pessimism. The present study was conducted with the intention of determining the relationship between social capital and social pessimism among the citizens of Yazd city. The method used in this study is survey research, where the optimal research sample size was determined to be 385 people based on Cochran’ s formula, and the samples were selected through multistage cluster sampling. The questionnaire was researcher-made and its validity was confirmed through content validation. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0. 81 for social pessimism and 0. 75 for social capital, which indicate the acceptability of the instrument reliability. The findings of the study indicated that the social pessimism of the citizens was slightly below the medium level, while social pessimism of the majority of respondents was at the medium level. There was a negative and significant relationship between social capital variable and its different aspects (social network, social norm, and social trust) and social pessimism. Other variables including gender, age, and marital status did not have a significant relationship with social pessimism. The structural equation model – which had a good fit – showed that social capital had a significant and negative effect on social pessimism.

The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of social capital on juvenile delinquency (aged18-29 years old) in the three crimes of murder, robbery, and drugs trafficking in Karaj city; therefore, the study was applied in nature. The research method was descriptive and causal-comparative, while the data collection instrument was document-analysis used along with a researcher-made questionnaire. The research population was comprised of young criminals convicted to robbery, murder, and drug trafficking – who were imprisoned in Karaj penitentiary in 2016 – as well as ordinary young people. Two hundred participants were randomly selected as the statistical sample. For data analysis, both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. The results showed that the increase in social capital has an effect on the reduction of delinquency rate among the youths of Karaj city.

The quality of life of the elderly is one of the main concerns of sociologists today and comprises a major part of social life indicators. The sociological study of the effect of social capital on the quality of life of the elderly can lead to new planning endeavors and necessary reforms in optimizing the policies and plans in Iran. The purpose of this study was to compare the sociological impact of social capital on the quality of life of the traditional and modern elderly. This study was conducted as a survey using a randomly selected sample of the elderly in Rasht. Validity and reliability were verified using confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. The normality of variables was examined using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Moreover, the multivariate linear regression model was adopted, and using a stepwise regression, the ineffective variables were eliminated while the significantly effective ones were maintained. This way, a modified linear regression model was obtained for the quality of life of the elderly. A comparison of the two groups of traditional and modern seniors showed that from the perspective of modern seniors, family form transformation, social participation, urbanization, women's employment, cultural capital, generation gap, valuableness of the youth period, social changes, and technology have the highest positive effects on the elderly, respectively. However, from the viewpoint of the traditional elderly, spirituality, social capital, social participation, and government support have the strongest effects on the quality of life. The findings of this study can move the institutions and organizations toward paying more attention to social capital.