به زراعی کشاورزی (مجله کشاورزی پردیس ابوریحان)
سال:1395 | دوره:18 | شماره:3 |تعداد مقالات:23

Today, the production of healthy and high quality seedlings is the main factors of success in growing vegetables such as tomato. Hence, in order to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost and nitrogen on the growth parameters of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rio Grande), a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete design with three replications in 2014 at the research greenhouse of Department of Horticultural Science, University of Zanjan. Treatments consisted of five vermicompost levels (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 wt %) and nitrogen at five levels (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg N/kg soil). The results showed that nitrogen treatments caused a significant increase in seedling growth. The maximum seedling height, dry weight of root and stem, fresh weight of stem, leaf area and chlorophyll content was observed in 100 mg N/kg Soil. The vermicompost treatments significantly increased seedling growth, so the highest seedling height, internodes length, root and stem length, fresh and dry weight of root and leaf area was obtained in the 10 wt% vermicompost. Also vermicompost caused a significant decrease in growth period of transplant and the minimum period (39.6 days) was recorded in the 10 wt% vermicompost. According to the results the concentration of N. P and K in leaf increased with application of vermicompost. Application of 100 mg N/ kg soil and 10 wt% vermicompost improved seedling growth.

To assessment Alfalfa cultivars research project this research has been fulfilled in 2011 at Khouzestan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center in southwest of Ahwaz in Khouzestan province (Iran) by position 31º20′ N, 48º0′ E. At first section for evaluation wet forage yield cultivars such as “Baghdadi”, “Mesasersa”, “Yazdi”, “Bami”, “Nikshahri”, “Synthetic” (Main factor) and two cutting time (Sub factor) according harvest time in four experiment by statistical plane of split plot based randomized complete block design in four replication was conducted. In summer cutting cultivar at 5% flowering stage, autumn cutting at 6-8 cm height of crown buds, winter cutting at 10-12 cm height of crown buds and spring cutting cultivars harvested at 15% flowering stage. Second section was conducted according statistical plane was mentioned expect sub factor include four level. Result showed Baghdadi, Mesasersa and Synthetic were superior to another cultivars and harvest time on forage yield and also interaction effect of factors on all traits expect stem diameter and number of stem in square meter were significant at 1% probability level. Because of climate factors in summer and spring cutting 25-30 day was best period for growing season. In autumn and winter cutting according low flowering it possible use growing degree days and period of received sunshine hours, their values in order 300-350 and 400-450 hours (Enough time), as well as Baghdadi, Mesasersa and Synthetic cultivars were superior in all cutting.

In order to investigate the effect of different irrigation regimes on yield and leaf proline content of a spring Isfahan local variety of safflower, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at the Research Station of Shahrekord University in 2013-2014. The main factor consisted of four different irrigation regimes (irrigation after 50, 80, 130 and 180 mm evaporation of water from evaporation pan class A) and subplots were spraying humic acid (at a rate of zero, one, three and six liters per hectare). Evaluated traits in this experiment included, the number of heads per plant, 1000 seeds weight, oil content, grain yield, oil yield and leaf proline content. Irrigation treatments and foliar application of humic acid significantly contributed to the above characteristics. Based on means comparisons, less irrigation caused a significant decrease and spraying humic acid also increased significantly number of heads per plant, 1000 seeds weight, grain yield and oil yield. Also, with increased Irrigation and increase application of humic acid, oil content and proline compared to the control group showed a significant increase. In addition, increased irrigation, increase seed oil content from 22.22 percent to 25.43 percent (in irrigation treatment after 180 mm evaporation and application of six lit/ha) has been upgraded. Oil yield also decreased as a result of irrigation after 50 mm evaporation from 394 to 289 kg per hectare after 180 mm evaporation.

In order to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of sod turf, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was established in research farm in Shahrekord University. Treatments were vermicompost (zero, 5, 10 and 15 v/v percent) and humic acid (zero, 150 and 250 g/m2), respectively. Some traits such as shoot nitrogen and phosphorus content, shoot height, shoot dry and wet weight, total root length, root fresh and dry weight and root dry weight were evaluated. The results showed that the application of vermicompost and humic acid had a positive significant effect on shoot dry weight, sod root dry weight, total dry weight of roots, fresh weight of root, shoot nitrogen and phosphorous content compared to control. The vermicompost in 15% v/v and humic acid in 150 g/m2 treatments had the most positive effect on measured traits and increased nitrogen (25.4 percent), phosphorous (39.6 percent) content, shoot dry weight (49.7 percent), root weight (83.3 percent), total root dry weight (215 percent) and sod root dry weight (204 percent). In this research application of vermicompost and humic acid increased uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus and it increased the sod quality.

The type of training system and application of calcium spray have considerable effects on storability of fruits. In this study, the effects of calcium chloride spray (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g.L-1) in three times during 2, 4 and 6 weeks before harvest time on apple (Malus domestica) fruits cvs. ‘Gala’ and ‘Delbarestival’, which trained in three different training systems (V shape, HighTech and Cordon) were investigated after 4 months in cold storage. This experiment was designed as split factorial in frame of randomized complete block design with four replications. The fruit characteristics such as fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), TSS/TA, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total anthocyanin, ethylene and respiration rate were evaluated at the end of storability. The results showed that training systems types and foliar application with calcium chloride had significant effect on postharvest quality of fruits. Calcium chloride spray increased TSS, TA content, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin content, phenol content and tissue firmness of fruits at the end of storage in compared to control. Fruits firmness of Gala was higher than Delbarestival cultivars. The highest TSS (14.22%) and TA (0.47%) content were found in fruits produced with High-tech system when sprayed with 0.75 g. L-1 calcium chloride. Ethylene production of Delbarestival (18.36, 15.22 and 15.11 nL/g.h) was higher than Gala fruits (6.60, 6.38 and 8.43 nL/g.h) at three different training systems. Preharvest calcium spray suppresed ethylene production and respiration rate of apple fruits produced at three different training systems as compared to control at the end of storage.

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of vermivash on yield and leaf nutrient status of strawberry "Govieta" at research greenhouse of Shahrekord University in 2013. Treatments were included control (without vermiwash foliar spray) and different concentration of vermiwash (10, 15 and 25 percent) that spryed at 1, 2 and 3 weeks interval. Vermiwash was extracted from cow manure vermicompost through earthworm Eisenia foetida. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The results showed that there was significant difference between vermiwash treatments and control for the leaf elements of N, K and Fe, but was not significant for the other macro and microelements. Leaf Fe concentration increased up to excessive level in 25 percent concentration with weekly interval. Foliar spray of 25, 15 and 10 percent vermiwash with two-weeks intervals considerably enhanced the number of fruit and yield per plant, but decreaced fruit weigth average a little. Increasing the yield per plant ranged between 24 and 68g for various vermiwash treatments in comparison with control. Vermiwash treatments had no effect on inflorescence number per plant and flower number per inflorescence. Foliar spray of 15 and 10 percent vermiwash with two-weeks interval improved the yield of strawberry "Govita".

To evaluate the effect of slow release fertilizer and humic acid on quality of New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri), an experiment established in complete random design with 15 treatments and three replications. Treatments were slow release fertilizer (12-11-18-2.7MgO-8S) in five levels (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 kg/m3) and humic acid in three levels (0, 2 and 4 kg/m3) that mixed with medium culture. The substrate medium was included 50 percecnt of peat moss, 40 percent of perlite and 10 percent of rice husk (v/v). Five months after seeding, results showed the most flower number (20 number) in 6 kg/m3 mixed with 2 kg/m3 of humic acid, and the most leaf number (122 number) in 3 kg/m3 of slow release fertilizer treatments. The slow release fertilizer treatment showed a positive significant effect in all traits. Also, humic acid had a positive significant effect on plant height, leaf and shoot number, leaf area, total chlorophyll, shoot fresh weight, flower diameter, flower life and flower number. Considering that, humic acid in 2-4 kg/m3 and slow release fertilizer in 3-4.5 kg/m3 could be recommended for New Guinea Impatiens cultivation.

In order to study the effects of chitosan and hot water treatments on storability and fruit quality of sweet pepper "Paks", an experiment was conducted as a factorial design in the base of CRD with three replications. Fruits were treated withchitosan at four levels (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent) and hot water at 20 and 45oC (dipping for 2 min time) and 60oC (dipping for 2o sec time), then stored for 12, 24 and 35 days at 8oC and 98% RH in refrigerator. The results showed that the quality and vitamin Ccontent of fruits decreased during storage. Coating of pepper with chitosan significantly delayed loss of TSS, firmness, vitamin C, weight losses and fruit quality. Pepper coated with 2% chitosan had the highest effect on keeping fruit quality. Hot water had significant effect on fruit quality. Water with 45oC as hot water treatment improved firmness, titrable acidity, vitamin C, visual quality and activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Heat damage was observed on fruit dipping at 60°C. According to the results, treatment of 2 percent chitosan with hot water 45oC had the best effect on the studied parameters.