DEFENSE STRATEGIC STUDIES
Year:2019 | Volume:17 | Issue:75|Papers Count:13

Technology is a factor which has always had the greatest impact in wars and the defensive power of each country in response to different threats, demands the possession of broad abilities in technologies. There is no doubt that technology is one of the most important factors of defensive superiority and the technological superiority will lead to superiority in different dimensions. Definitely, this significance and impact have found greater intensity and speed. The relationship between the defensive strategy and technological and scientific needs of each country is such that the demands of military complex missions which are defined by the defensive strategies ahead of the countries will be converted into the demands for technical and scientific needs at the level of that country. The system which will need to these demands is relied upon the existing technologies and the development plants of that country. So, this article deals with developing the strategies of gaining a superior defensive power based on defensive technological and scientific and factors and indexes related to it. In this research, the descriptive and deductive methods have been used and on this basis, following the determination of internal and external factors and their analysis, the effective components, the strengths and weakness and opportunities will be identified and assessed. Using the paired comparison matrix, the environmental factors are prioritized by divisions. Moreover, the existing situation is compared with an ideal situation and by the way, the determination of percentage of facilities allocation, development of strategies for a superior defensive power in the area of science and technology is performed. Then using the TOPSIS method, prioritization of strategies is made and finally, suitable strategies of gaining a superior defensive power based on science and technology are presented.

Cyber threat is a modern intimidation against critical infrastructure and cybernetic installations. To counter the technological threats as well as mitigate the national vulnerabilities, it is required to develop the strategies for the national passive defense in the face of cyber threats as dealt with in this study. Accordingly, this study seeks to answer the question: What are the national passive defense strategies in relation to cyber threats? In the following, it reviews the high legal documents in relation to passive defense, cyber space and security and recognizes the internal and external environments and then develops the related strategies upon the viewpoints of experts. In the same vein, it calculates and sequences the desired points upon TOPSIS and the impact of each strategy on the penta-pronged purposes of passive defense is determined. Finally, the strategic plan for the national passive defense against cyber threats comes into being out of the current paper. It is worth noting, the strategies, capable to be executed separately, are in tandem with other spheres as a complementary which by their turning into manuals and implementation, the national cyber infrastructure could be immunized and secured up to an accepted extent.

War is regarded as a natural phenomenon and it has always been a part of human’ s social life and follows some principles that taken from previous experiences. War principles are a series of general regulations that have the responsibility of the war guidance. Also, the doctrine expresses the way of organizing the battle, movement and establishment of the forces, maneuver in the battle and supporting in order to overcome the enemy. The main purpose of this research is recognizing the similarities and differences between war principle and doctrine. The method is used in this paper, had been qualitative method and its type are applicable. The researcher has evaluated various sources and several articles that covered different aspects of the subject and used by the Delphi technique. 22 comments of wisdom persons in this research are gathered and analyzed. The research is applicable kind, and the method used is a survey. The researcher gathered the information through searching the resources at hand, and the open ended question. One of the findings of the article is that war principles and doctrines are both considered as a kind of regulation but the principle is steadier and more general. The doctrine is dynamic and is being revised continuously and demonstrates the military performance of the armed forces, but not the cause of them. The doctrine is based upon the war principle of armed forces that determines their performance.

Always at the forefront of progressive organizations and trying to understand the unique values of their culture to achieve superior performance, the various mechanisms of the threats to seize and dispose of their own. Today, there is a generation gap between the revolution and the war, with the current generation, as the threat has caused the youth of Sacred Defense values and culture of that era are almost unaware. The use of "knowledge management" of scientific methods to deal with this is to break intergenerational and promoting holy war. This paper aims to examine the role model of effective knowledge management and transfer Sacred Defense culture is written And tries to answer the question that each of the processes Nonaka-Takeuchi how much can promote a culture of war? This research survey was conducted using a statistical sample of 140 subjects were assigned according to Morgan. The data collected by a questionnaire consisting of 24 items was used Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to 0/86. And using confirmatory factor analysis by LISREL software model validity was confirmed. The Bartlett test to analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data from the questionnaires, the main results are as follows: Respectively socialization component (98%), internalizing (95%), combining (89%) and externalization (84%) can promote a culture of sacred defense.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is the core of the concepts of modern wars. ICT can bring about fundamental changes in the wars, and the armed forces can rely on it in future wars to gain Information superiority and new capabilities in a wide range of ICTs, including multi-dimensional operations capabilities. The purpose of this research is to explain the role of ICT in knowledge base defense. The present study is a applied-developmental and case study research method. Meanwhile, the method of information gathering, library and data analysis is mixed (qualitative and quantitative) through the use of the spss and pls softwares. According to the findings of the research, the ICT is the important dimension of knowledge base defense and, in fact, it is the backbone of knowledge base defense, so that the rapid growth of technology and the combination of new technologies in the military areas improved various missions and, in fact, created knowledge base defense against military threats. On the other hand, the knowledge base defense in its essence requires awareness of the state of the battle, the enemy's intentions, the plans of the insider and the environment. In today's complex and chaotic and dynamic battle-spaces, this awareness should be exchanged by telecommunication networks and by Computer processing transformed to knowledge and helps commanders make quick and timely decisions through software and decision support systems. In order to deploy and effectively use information and communication technology in the field of knowledge-based defense, first the achived of the knowledge required in this field and placing on the edge of ICT technology have priority to defense programs and in the second stage, toward Establishing native infrastructures in defense agencies; In the third step, care and security of related sensitive systems should be pursued so that, by relying on secure and sustainable systems, they can ultimately play an effective and effective role in knowledge-based defense. According to the research findings, the acquisition of the native ICT infrastructure in both software and hardware is the key to the success of the use of ICT in the knowledge-based defense. Asia.

The excellent position of the Islamic Republic of Iran In terms of the strategic, communicational and enjoyment of long beaches and the dominance of the Strategic Strait of Hormuz and other geopolitical features, It has established it in the ranks of powerful countries in various fields, especially in the field of defense-security. One of the dimensions of the Islamic-Iranian Pattern of progress in the field of defense-security is geopolitics. This research was done in order to investigate the role of geopolitics in the Islamic-Iranian Pattern of progress in the field of defense-security. The main goal of this research is to specification the role of geopolitics in the Islamic-Iranian Pattern of progress in the field of defense-security. Type of research is Practical-development and method of research with approach mixed(quantitative-qualitative) Which was tried with a theoretical study andan interview with the experts field defense – security, The matic literature of research to be studied. The statistical population of the research is determined of experts and Activists in the field of defense and security (243 people), that with using the Cochran formula, the size of the sample population designated 69 people. After analyzing the data, it was determined that the geopolitical dimension was developed with 2 components of physical factors and non-physical factors with the indicators of strategic position, communication status, external depth (geopolitical expansion) and convergence (ethnic and religious) in the Islamic-Iranian Pattern.

In the developing world, various important events affect human life. One of the most influencial factors is social networking, which broadly transforms human behavior both in the family and social environment positively and negatively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the harmful effects of social network in families. The research was applied. Moreover, the method used was descriptive-explanatory. The statistical population of the study consisted of 380 married citizens living in Tehran from 25-40 years of age. Field research was used in which a researcher-made quesstionnaire was applied to collect information. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha 0. 769. To analyze data, SPSS software was used. To describe data, mean, median, mode, frequency and frequency percentage were analyzed. In addition, to test the hypotheses, Pearson Correlation was used. The results show that the way people use social networks and the amount of exposure have considerable impact on the stability or disintegation of the family. In the aggregate, social networks, on the one hand, causes creativity, awareness, communication and freedom and on the other hand, causes the breakup and disintegration of the families. However, the crucial factor affecting the lives of people is the amount of time people consume over social networks.

Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) has defined a security doctrine based on goals and interests of Islam and Islamic society, by which he guaranteed security for both Muslim and Non-Muslim citizens alike. His security oriented endeavors were of a complete success both in short and long terms. This paper aims to assess the roots of this security doctrine in his manners by reviewing, processing, categorizing and (re)analyzing of existed data. Hence, in the first step we reviewed the literature of security, its doctrine and discourses; and then, assessed his security treaties in two following sections. In the first section of latter part, we assessed his acts and plans while he was in Mecca, and in second part we focused on his security doctrine from Hijrah and establishment of Islamic state in Medina. Results show that prophet Mohammad (PBUH)’ s security measures has helped the process of spreading Islam in addition to assuring security in Islamic society.

Considering that the leadership of the delegate of supreme leadership in the Revolutionary Guards corps of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the political-ideological establishment of the armed forces are subordinates to the supreme leadership from the rank and the political point of view and that the archaism of these cultural organizations go back to the early 1979 till today, in these four decades Imam Khomeini and the supreme leader have introduced ideologies, proclamations, direct and indirect guidance in order to lead these organizations, however it seems that the doctrine of these cultural establishments have not been presented in the research form of Imam and the supreme leader’ s speeches. In this research, in addition to the usage of valid resources in the mentioned areas and in addition to counting them, it has been coded by using the MAXQDA software and finally by using a survey from a social group of 30 people, the obtained results from analyzing the content by `using the software has been under evaluation and by doing a quantity and quality statistical analysis, its results has been counted. The findings of the research which is based on the library and field method shows that the preparation and the power of the armed forces, Islamic teachings and jihad for expanding the sovereignty of god is the most important part of the mentioned organizations and it is necessary that all of the planning and organizing should be based on the pivot of this doctrine.

“ Economic Resilience” or national economy strengthening against the economic shocks as a concept that has opened its place in economic literature in recent decades, has been received the attention of Islamic Revolution Leader attention as one of the main dimensions of “ Economic Resilience" (that is the decisive cure of national economic woes). Utilizing the economic capacities to reduce the vulnerabilities is a necessity for strengthening the I. R of Iran national economy against the shocks, in order to accelerate its movement towards the national goals, i. e. development and justice. Seeking the components of resilience concept could assist national economy planners, but since there are useful experiences in the area of strengthening the economy, seeking the components of this concept cannot lonely provide validity enough in accordance with related literature. Thus the author attempts to refine the theoretical components of resilience by reviewing some of the countries experiences against the economic shocks (including deliberate and natural shocks) and also in economic developments, to find the answer to this question: “ What are the major components of economic resilience based on other countries experiences? ” The article is a kind of applied-developmental research, and methodically is completely qualitative that accomplished descriptive-analytical. Statistical society consists of few number of economic experts which is targeted deliberately and data gathering is done by interviews up to the theoretical saturation. Qualitative analyzing from the literature extracted six major components of economic resilience and after surveying with the expert method based on other countries experiences, these components founded in three fields i. e. a) in the fields of sanctions (macroeconomic stability), b) in the field of crisis (increasing national production), and c) in the field of economic developments (government agility). Finally some suggestions are offered according to the findings.

The human resource management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as a human-centered governing body is of special importance. In the same way, the human resource provision subsystem enjoys a special position in comparison with other subsystems. In this research which was conducted with the purpose of explaining the quality measurement components of the human resource provision system and which used the mixed method, following the theoretic studies and interviews with the experts, specific criteria were identified based on which a two-dimensional questionnaire was prepared. The questionnaires were distributed in a sample group of 306 persons chosen randomly from the statistical population (the official employees) whose views were then taken about the status quo and the desirable status and analyzed by making use of the SPSS and Lisrel software. Furthermore, to measure the correlation matrix, the sampling quality indices (KMO) and the Chi-squared test were used and in conclusion 30 quality measurement components of the human resource provision system were identified in order to specifically answer the research question, “ what are the quality measurement components of the human resource provision management system in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? ”