Razi Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:26 | Issue:4|Papers Count:9

Background: Graphene chips are insoluble forms of graphene. Graphene is highly reactive and has no biocompatibility, but after oxidation, it becomes water-soluble. Graphene oxide (GO) is applied in biomedical, including gene and drug transfer, biomedical imaging, biomedical sensors, and antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacteria and is the most important species in Staphylococcus genus. Regarding the resistance of bacteria, biocompatible materials as antibiotics are important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of GO nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: GO was produced using Homer method. In this study, after bacterial culture (hospital and standard), antimicrobial effect of GO alone and with conventional antibiotics, halo diameter test, and spectroscopy method was measured. MBC and MIC were used to measure the effects of different specimens Results: The results of this experiments showed that the GO decreased bacterial growth. Also, the results of treatment with GO and antibiotics showed a synergic effect. Statistical analysis of data obtained from synergism of erythromycin and gentamicin antibiotics was significant. Conclusion: Due to the resistance of bacteria, the production of new antimicrobial agents has always been considered. Since GO improves the inhibitory effect of antibiotics and given that the cost of its production is relatively economical, it seems that graphene oxide can be used as a new drug compounds.

Background: The development of ecofriendly and non-toxic processes for synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the most important aspects of nanotechnology. Silver nanoparticles are widely used in medicine because of their antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. Methods: Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of leaf, stem and root of Rhizophora mucronata as the mangrove plant of southern coasts of Iran and its antibacterial activity was investigated. Results: Leaf extract showed the maximum synthesis of AgNPs. UV-visible spectroscopy in 420 nm confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. The crystalline nature of AgNPs was confirmed based on the XRD pattern. TEM images showed that the shape and size of nanoparticles was circle and in the range of 0 to 80 nm with the mean size of 32. 44 nm. FE-SEM analysis showed nanoparticles with a size range from 10 to 19 nm. EDS spectrum confirmed the presence of silver in the nanoparticles with the maximum percentage of 73. 5 %. FTIR indicated the presence of different functional groups like alcohol, aromatic loops, alkanes, phenol group and alkyl halides in the synthesis process. Gram-positive Bacillus cereus bacteria with the largest growth inhibition zone and gram-negative pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria with the smallest growth inhibition zone were found the most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria, respectively. Conclusion: Results indicate that Rhizophora mucronata leaf extract is capable of synthesizing silver nanoparticles in the solution of nitrate silver at room temperature with antibacterial activity.

Background: In this work, a new method was developed for simultaneous determination of dopamine and rutin at glassy carbon electrode modified with CuO nanoparticles doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CuONPs– MWNT/GCE). This modified electrode has shown excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of rutin in acetate buffer solution (pH=5). The modified electrode lowered the overpotential of the reaction by ~500 mV, and this advantage of modified electrode made it aproprate to measure trace values of dopamine in the presence of rutin. Methods: First, the electrochemical behavior of CuO nanoparticles, incorporated in the modified electrode, was studied. Then, the behavior of oxidation of rutin and dopamine at the modified electrode was investigated by differntial puls voltammetry. Results: A linear calibration plot was obtained over the range of 0. 05-580 μ mol L– 1 rutin and 0. 09-600 μ mol L– 1 for dopamine. Detection limits of 0. 013 μ mol L– 1 rutin and 0. 021 μ mol L– 1 dopamine were obtained. The relative standard deviation of ten replicate measurements for rutin and dopamine was measured 1. 2% and 1. 53% respectively. Conclusion: The high sensitivity, low detection limit and reproducibility of the modified electrode, made the proposed electrode suitable for the determination of dopamine in the presence of rutin in pharmaceutical samples.

Background: Ga-PSMA-11, a novel PET radiopharmaceutical, is currently used for imaging of almost all prostate cancers. However, automatic radiolabeling procedures have been recommended. In this research, according to the chemical nature of the PSMA-11, manual, optimized and safe production of this radiopharmaceutical has been investigated and a standard method has been presented to achieve a repeatable quality with the use of an Iran made 68 Ga generator. Methods: The effect of the PSMA-11 weight, temperature, pH, and radiolabeling time on the radiochemical purity (RCP) was evaluated. The effectiveness of the optimized condition on the quality of radiopharmaceutical in 60 production series was studied according to US Pharmacopeia guidelines. Also, by monitoring the dose rate of the personnel, the safety of the manual production was checked. Results: Increasing the temperature from room temperature (RT) to 40 68 68 Ge/ C enhanced the RCP of 10 μ g of PSMA-11 to acceptable ranges of > 90%. The weights of 25 and 50 μ g had RCPs>90% at RT. The appropriate pH range was determined to be 5-6. The 10 minutes’ reaction time yielded a repeatable RCP>90% for the 10 μ g PSMA-11 in 60 production series. Body and hands dose rates were 15% and 2. 4% of the recommended annual dose rate limit for body and hands, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate the high quality of the Iran made ◦ Ga generator. PETCT centers can in-site, manually, safely and with repeatable quality produce 68 68 Ge/ Ga-PSMA-11 for prostate cancer imaging away from the challenge of transport problems.

Background: In search of a conceptual framework, aging in human life can be considered as a process that begins with the gradual erosion of physiological mechanisms and disabilities in restoring vital organs' ability and ends with the end of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing the sense of loneliness and death anxiety in the elderly in Sedigh center of Khoramabad City. Methods: Semi-experimental research design was a pre-test-post test with control group and the statistical population included all the elderly of Sedigh center in Khorramabad, which were kept day by day in the center. To this end, 24 elderly people were selected by available method and randomly divided into two experimental (12) and control (12) groups. To measure the variables in the pre-test and post-test, Templer death anxiety questionnaires and Russell's loneliness were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANKOVA). Before the intervention, the subjects of the two groups were pre-test and then undergone mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Results: After controlling the effect of pre-test in both variables, in the post-test, there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group, which was significant at the level of p<0. 001. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy resulted in decreased sense of loneliness and death anxiety in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing the sense of loneliness and death of the elderly is anxiety. Therefore, by teaching the techniques of mindfulness, one can reduce the sense of loneliness and anxiety of the elderly's death.

Background: Multiple Myeloma is a Plasma Cell Malignancy. Since the study of pathogenicity mechanisms and messenger pathways involved in the causative agent cells is important in the laboratory environment and close to the physiological environment of the body, therefore, the best environment for the study of cells in the laboratory environment, an environment most closely resembling the physiological environment of the body. However, the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a supplement to the growth of cells in the cell culture process is very common. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amniotic fluid on proliferation (Ki-67 and Cyclin-D) and survival (Bax and Bcl2) of both RPMI8226 and U266 Myeloma in comparison with fetal bovine serum. Methods: Human amniotic fluid was collected from 6 pregnant women during cesarean section and sterilized. After cultivating myeloma cells (RPMI8226 and U266), cell line treatments were performed in four groups with different amniotic fluid ratios. 48 and 96 hours after treatment, cell count and cell survival were evaluated using trypan blue and neobar lam. MTT test was also used to assess the survival of the treated Myeloma cells. Finally, Ki67, Cyclin-D1, Bax and Bcl-2 genes were evaluated by Real Time PCR and SYBR Green. Results: Evaluation of the expression of the genes involved in the process of cell proliferation and apoptosis showed that the amniotic fluid treated groups significantly increased the expression of Ki-67, Cyclin-D1 genes and also increased the anti-apoptotic gene expression of bcl 2, and a significant decrease in expression of the gene responsible for apoptosis, Bax was observed. Our data suggest that amniotic fluid as a nutrient source can increase cell growth and proliferation up to 96 hours significantly in comparison with that of fetal bovine serum, although cell proliferation and cell survival in 48 hours than 96 hours of more cultivation. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, ammonia fluid can be used as a supporter of growth as a replacement for bovine serum for up to 96 hours. In this study, the effect of this fluid on the two cell lines of myeloma was evaluated, which seems to be better tested for more comprehensive conclusions in this regard on other cells.

Background: Irrational use of drugs can cause serious problems. There is no comprehensive study in this setting in West Azerbaijan province. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug prescription pattern by specialists and general physicians in comparison with W. H. O indicators from March 2013 to March 2016. Methods: Prescriptions data of general physicians (GP), ENT, Internal, General Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatric, Cardiology, Neurology, Infectious disease, Orthopedic and Urology specialists were obtained using Rx-analyzer software. A dedicated computer application. World Health Organization prescription indicators were used to evaluate the physicians’ prescribing behavior. Data expressed in the form of number, Average and percentage. Results: The average of drugs per counter was 2. 93. ENT specialists prescribed antibiotic more than others (67. 67%) and orthopedics injectable drugs and corticosteroids (54. 66% and 69. 62% respectively). GP prescribed more than four drugs in 19. 31% of counters that was higher than specialist physicians. All of the studied indicators were higher than the WHO recommendations. Conclusion: The GP and the specialists prescribe more drugs in comparison with the WHO standards. They use antibiotics and other injectable drugs extensively and use corticosteroids without indication. It seems that conducting training programs for physicians, especially about the importance of antibiotics, should be prioritized through retraining programs.

Background: The present research made an attempt to study the prevalence and factors associated with functional constipation in nurses at the medical sciences universities in Tehran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 on nurses at the medical sciences universities of Tehran. The research questionnaire was designed, and the personal information on the participants including their demographic information, clinical and medicinal records, shift type, marital status, history of psychological disorders, and eating habits was collected. To examine the nurses for mood disorders including depression, anxiety, and stress, they were tested using the DASS-21 questionnaire. In the end, the information recorded on the checklists was entered onto the computer software for statistical analyses. A total of 500 nurses working at hospitals were included in this research. However, 49 nurses were excluded from the statistical research population due to organic diseases and intake of medicine. Results: The examination results revealed that 34. 1% of the nurses suffer from functional constipation. Besides, the results showed a significant relationship between functional constipation with three variables, viz. marital status, gender, and shift type at the <0. 05 significance level. There was also a significant relationship between functional constipation and depression. Conclusion: Finally, the research results revealed that considering the prevalence and the factors involved in the development of functional constipation, some of these changeable factors can be rectified through planning and appropriate measures.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was defined for the first time in 1951 as primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Some studies emphasized on the role of genetics in the development of pulmonary hypertension in family members of affected patients. So, in this study we evaluated the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in first degree family of patients with documented PPH. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytic study 51 subjects (first relatives of patients with PPH, including parents, sisters, brothers and children were enrolled. Echocardiography and EST was done and the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) before and after the test was compared. Results: A total of 27 subjects, 17 women and the 10 men were evaluated in 3 groups and based on PAP before exercise, 22 (81. 5%) of participants had normal PAP and 5 (18. 5%) were in intermediate group. After the exercise test 55. 5% were in normal group, 33. 3% in intermediate group and 11. 1% had high PAP. Conclusion: We recommend to screen and evaluate the first degree relatives of these patients as high risk group.