ALKHAS; THE JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT, AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Year:2021 | Volume:3 | Issue:1|Papers Count:3

Projections of the pathways that reduce carbon emission to the levels consistent with limiting global average temperature increases to 1. 5° C or 2° C above pre-industrial levels often require negative emission technologies like bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), it involves the conversion of biomass to energy, producing CO2 which is sequestered, transported and then permanently stored in a suitable geological formation. The potential of BECCS to remove CO2 from the atmosphere makes it an attractive approach to help achieving the ambitious global warming targets of COP 21. BECCS has a range of variables such as the type of biomass resource, the conversion technology, the CO2 capture process used and storage options. Each of the pathways to connect these options has its own environmental, economic and social impacts. This study gives an overview of Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage for the purpose of carbon mitigation while the challenges associated with using biomaterial was assessed, such as land use, water consumption and its economic constraints. The more certain way forward to underpin BECCS deployment, is to ensure that there is strong social support and integrated policy schemes that recognize, support and reward negative emission, for without negative emissions delivered through BECCS and perhaps other technologies, there is little prospect of the global targets agreed to at Paris, being met.

In the present work nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp)/Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) composite was synthesized. The n-HApCMC composite was tested for the adsorption of Chromium from aqueous solution and compared its removal capacity with nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAp). Equilibrium data were fitted well in the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The thermodynamic analysis also established that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous.

In order to predict the permittivity and excess permittivity data of binary systems containing cyclic ketones (cyclohexanone and cyclopentanone) and 1, 4-butanediols, various mixing rules were used [1, 2]. The permittivity increment, ( ) 12 1 1 2 2   = − x + x  , was also evaluated in this research using the predicted data. 1 x and 2 x are the mole fractions of the components 1 and 2, 1  and 2  are the permittivities of the pure components. As shown in Fig. 1, the experimental permittivity values for three systems containing 1, 4-butanediol (1, 4BD) and two cyclic ketones were estimated by several mixing rules. Typically, for cyclohexanone and 1, 4-butanediol mixtures, the predicted excess permittivity data were compared and shown in Fig. 2. As it can be seen from Table 1, the Lichteneker-Rother model shows the lower root mean square deviation (rmsd) value, which indicates that the Lichteneker-Rother model presents the best result between the predictive models.