JOURNAL OF BORDER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (28)|Papers Count:7

Today, one of the outstanding aspects of underdevelopment in the country is the unbalanced spatial distribution of various facilities and services. This unbalanced level of underdevelopment across the regions shows that inequality has been growing in some indices. This procedure is more tangible in the border regions, where it has hierarchically led to the growing growth of cities and the gradual backwardness of other cities in the border regions. Among the raised and verifiable issues in this regard is the level of assessment of the development of settlements in the border regions. Therefore, the present study aims to measure the development of cities in the Ilam border province with the use of combined indicators such as economic, social, cultural, urban infrastructure and using WASPAS model. The results of the research showed that despite the fact that the province was not developed in comparison with other provinces, the severity of developmental inequalities was high among the cities of this province, so that Ilam city is far from having access to services and facilities in terms of its development from other cities. According to the results of the analysis obtained from WASPAS model, Ivan city with the coefficient of 0. 343 after the city of Ilam ranked second, Abdanan city with the coefficient of 0. 327 ranked third, and the cities of Sirvan, Bedareh and Malekshahi, respectively, are among other underdevelopment cities, respectively.

The purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship of economic sustainability with the strengthening of border security in the rural areas of the city of Germi. This research is of an applied research type that has been conducted using analytical-descriptive method. The data were collected using two documentary and survey (primary data) methods and the research tool was the questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of the total number of villagers over 15 years old with a population of 9, 785 in rural areas of Moran border district of Germi City, of which 370 people were selected using the Cochran formula as the statistical sample. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Using SPSS software, Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the various parts of the questionnaire was obtained as 0. 71-0. 88. The results of the research show that, with the exception of variability and efficiency variables, there is a significant relationship between all economic sustainability variables (elimination of poverty, environmental compatibility, reduction of vulnerability and productivity) with strengthening border security.

Drug-related offenses are among the most rapidly evolving offenses and have become one of the most complex problems of human societies. Urmia city is one of the border towns of the country that has been exposed to many threats from drug crimes in neighboring countries with Iraq and Turkey. In the meantime, many social, political, economic, and cultural reasons have led to an increase in the population of addicts and, consequently, an increase in the demand for drugs and substances that cause families disintegration, expanding prostitution, and robberies and crimes related to narcotics. The purpose of the present study was to identify and analyze the spatial aspects of crime-related hotspots in the border town of Urmia. Using the capabilities of the GIS system, the spatial patterns of the formation of crime hotspots in the Urmia border region have been identified and analyzed. The research method is analytical-comparative. To determine the spatial distribution patterns of crimes, the average center test, standard deviation oval, clustering test, nearest neighbor indices, kernel density estimation and network analysis have been used. Pearson correlation test was used to study the relationship between population density and drug offenses. The findings show that spatial distribution of crimes committed in the Urmia border region follows a cluster and central pattern and is mainly in the districts 2 and 4 of Urmia. The results indicate that one of the most important of drug crime hotspots in the Urmia border town in district 4 and along the Khatam-el-Anbia, Eslamabad neighborhood 1, Reyhanabad, Vakilabad and Haji Pirlo roads and the second one identified by this method in Urmia district 2 is the area between the Badaki and Koshtargah neighborhoods, Baghe Rezvan and Islamabad 2. The final results showed that there is a direct relationship between population density in these areas and the rate of crime occurrence.

Entrepreneurship is a new strategy in development theories for empowerment and capacity building in order to achieve sustainable development, which can pave the way for the diversification of the income of the villagers and the development of rural areas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting entrepreneurship growth in the former border regions of Sarbaz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data were collected using the library-field studies. The SPSS23 software was used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study consisted of 2, 456 rural households of the former border region of Sarbaz city based on the census of 2016. Using the Morgan Table, 331 people were selected as the sample for completing the questionnaire. The results of the research show that among the four identified factors, the most effective factor in the growth of entrepreneurship in the study area belongs to the socio-cultural and infrastructural factor, with an average of 4. 96 and 3. 97, respectively. The following factors for influencing the growth of entrepreneurship in rural areas are as follows: individual factors with an average of 3. 94 and an economic factor with an average of 3. 42; therefore, socio-cultural and infrastructural factors play the most important role in the growth of entrepreneurship in the regions. It is necessary to pay particular attention to the development of entrepreneurship infrastructure and the creation of credit funds for entrepreneurship in the rural areas of the border in order to create the appropriate context for the growth of entrepreneurship in these areas.

Problems and challenges in disadvantaged and border rural areas have a major impact on social, economic, and ultimately security instability in these areas and will have an impact on local, regional and national dimensions. Since the establishment of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, in addition to providing sustainable security for the country, they have always played a positive and constructive role in resolving the country's social and economic problems, especially in deprived and border areas. Along with these measures, construction mobilization group in Kurdistan province, and especially in the border villages of Marivan, has carried out appropriate and constructive activities in the socio-economic, health and deprivation dimensions. This applied descriptive-analytical study examines and evaluates the effects of implementing economic and social projects of mobilization group. The method of data collection is a combination of two methods of documentary (library) and field research. The statistical population consists of 1, 085 rural households in Marivan city. 248 households were selected using Cochran formula as the samples of the study. The questionnaire was distributed using simple random method. The findings of the study indicate that the plans implemented by the Revolutionary Guards mobilization groups in the social context have been evaluated as successful and the actions taken in this regard, from the viewpoints of the locals, in terms of the vulnerable strata of society, increased public participation and a sense of security have been evaluated as positive, but in the economic sense the obtained mean did not reach a satisfactory level and there is some way to get to the desired level.

As centers of development and attraction of foreign capital border regions can play an important role. In the process of planning to achieve development and on its path, understanding and identification of the conditions and requirements of human societies and their needs in different dimensions are necessary actions in this regard. Accordingly, the overall objective of this study is to analyze the key factors affecting the development of the Khuzestan border regions using MICMAC software. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical. The indexes were extracted using the library method and then examined and analyzed using MICMAC software. The results show that variables of population density, population stability, purchasing power parity, sustainable employment, poverty reduction, decentralization of activities, domestic investment, variety of products produced, observing human rights, and security have the most direct effects on the development of border province of Khuzestan.

Trade exchange is one of the main indicators of communication between neighboring countries and the livelihoods of border people. In fact, making exchanges through border markets will provide a significant level of need for border people, help to regulate traffic and destitution, stabilize border areas, reduce smuggling, enhance livelihoods and promote economic development. The general purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the border market on the sustainable development of the village under study. This study is of a descriptive-analytical type that has been conducted in a survey method. The results show that market activity has created employment and increased revenue for border residents. Market placement and job creation for border residents have not been able to reduce the huge influx of rural migrants to the city, but the informal economy in the area has greatly declined. Also, the common market does not have a significant impact on meeting the needs of border residents and the commodities exchanged mainly have an trans-provincial and trans-regional approach. Finally, despite the fact that the market has been able to provide at least partial security in the region economically, it has unfortunately not been able to contribute to the social security indicators in the region.