Journal of Sport Biosciences
Year:2021 | Volume:13 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and supplementation of saffron with two weeks of detraining on some of the indicators associated with diabetes in obese women with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, 48 type 2 diabetic obese women were randomly divided into four equal groups (Training, Supplement, Supplements+Training, placebo). The Training, Supplements+Training groups performed aerobic training with intensity of 60-75% of maximal heart rate for 8 weeks (three sessions per week). Daily dose of 400 mg of Saffron sprout powder (once a day) was used for two months. The placebo contained 400 mg of wheat flour. Blood sampling was done after 12 hours of fasting. Adiponectin, resinsin, insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR variables were tested. Data analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk test, variance analysis with repeated measures, Bonferron's post hoc test, and one way analysis of variance with LSD post-test. The results suggested that, there was a significant difference between the four groups, in the post-test phase, in adiponectin, resinsin, body fat percentage, Glucose, Insulin, HOMA-IR (P<0. 0001) Weight (P<0. 036) and BMI (P<0. 008), Also, there was a significant difference between the four groups, in the two weeks of Detraining phase, in Adiponectin, body fat percentage (P<0. 0001), resistin (P<0. 001), weight (P<0. 039), BMI (P<0. 009), glucose (P<0. 002), insulin (P<0. 002) and HOMAIR (P<0. 002). Eight weeks of aerobic training and supplement consumption alone have a significant effect on the indicators related to type 2 diabetes. However, oral consumption of supplement with aerobic exercise has more effects on controlling these indices.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important ischemic cardiopathy which causes of mortality and morbidity throughout worldwide. Myocardial remodeling Following MI is associated with decreased contractile function and impairment to systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle. Generally, it is accepted that exercise training improves cardiac function after MI. The aim of this study was to investigation the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on structural and functional in post-MI rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into 4 groups of ischemia/ reperfusion control (MI-CTL), ischemia/reperfusion HIIT exercise (MIHIIT), HIIT exercises/healthy rats (HIIT) and SHAM-operated groups. MI modeling was induced by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. HIIT training started 4 weeks after LAD ligation. Rats ran on treadmill 40 min, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The results showed that, there was a significance increase in exercise capacity and cardiac function indices (ejection fraction and fractional shortening) in MI-HIIT group compared to MI-CTL group (p < 0. 05). HIIT significantly decreased ventricular dilation and infarct size in comparison with MI-CTL group (p < 0. 05). While, there were no significant difference in serum level of cTnI, CK-MB in among groups. HIIT led to improvement in ventricular contractile function and decrease in pathologic remodeling following MI.

Introduction and objective: Type 2 diabetes is considered as a risk factor for heart disease, playing major role in cardiovascular mortality. The present study examined the effect of 8-week high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the levels of asprosin serum, insulin, and insulin resistance index in diabetic rats. Method: A total number of 32 Wistar male rats with an average weight of 180. 23± 7g were randomly assigned to four groups, i. e., healthy control (8 rats), diabetic control (8 rats), healthy HIIT (8 rats), diabetic HIIT (8 rats). Streptozotocin (STZ) (made in Germany) was used to induce diabetes in rats. The HIIT group performed 8-week training protocol and the rats were anesthetized and killed 72 hours after the cessation of the last training session. The relevant variables, including the levels of asprosin serum, insulin, and insulin resistance index were measured among the rats. Results: KruskalWallis test at a significance level of p≤ 0. 05 was used for statistical data analysis. A significant difference was observed in terms of asprosin serum levels (P <0. 001), insulin (P <0. 026), fasting glucose (P <0. 001), and insulin resistance (P <0. 001) among healthy control, diabetic control, healthy HIIT, and diabetic HIIT groups. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that diabetes has significant effects on increasing asprosin levels and HIIT has significant effects on decreasing asprosin levels. Thus, HIIT protocol can be used as a significant strategy for decreasing asprosin levels and as an effective intervention method for treating diabetes.

The effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation on CD31+ capillary cell count and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in left ventricle (LV) of male rats in the model of myocardial infraction were determined in this study. 40 male rats were divided into four groups: HIIT, curcumin, concomitant (HIIT+CUR) and control following isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction. Curcumin was administered through oral gavage as 15 mg/kgbw/day. HIIT was performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions a week and included 60 minutes of interval running (4 min. of running with the intensity of 85-90% of VO2max and 2 min. of active recovery with the intensity of 50-60%). The results showed that HIIT in both HIIT and concomitant groups significantly increased LV VEGF protein expression (P=0. 001) while no effect was noted for curcumin (P>0. 05). Only curcumin significantly reduced (P=0. 001) LV MMP9 protein expression (in both curcumin and concomitant groups). All three interventions significantly increased LV CD31+ capillary cell count (P=0. 001). A significantly greater effect was noted for HIIT than curcumin (P=0. 001) and for concomitant than both HIIT and curcumin (P=0. 001). The results showed that all three interventions including curcumin, HIIT and concomitant were involved in capillary proliferation following infraction; however, curcumin induced capillary growth seems to occur through paths independent of VEGF as well. But the exact function of MMP9 down-regulation induced by curcumin is still unclear and more research is required because of the study limitations.

Warm and humid conditions are the main limiting factor in long-term activities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of precooling (PC) on exhaustion time, plasma levels of lactate and, electrolytes status of untrained men following an exhaustive exercise in the heat conditions. The participants were 20 untrained male students aged 19 to 21, which were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (n=10). Core body temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, plasma lactate, and electrolytes were measured in three stages: at baseline, after warm-up and PC, and following the exhaustive test. The PC method consisted of immersion in the cold water (26 ° C) for 10 minutes (ambient temperature 32-34 ° C). The exhaustive exercise protocol included treadmill running (at 33 ° C, 50% humidity) at the speed of 7 km/h, which gradually increased to 10 km/h up to exhaustion. The SPANOVA was used for data analysis; and the criterion of significance was set as p< 0. 05. Exercise time to exhaustion was longer (p<0. 0001) in the PC than in the control conditions. PC decreased oral (p=0. 05) and skin (p<0. 0001) temperatures and lactate level (p=0. 0001). However, there were no significant differences in plasma K and Na concentration. In conclusion, the PC increases endurance performance in a hot environment through enhances heat storage, decreases lactate level and cardiovascular strain.

Soccer is a complicated team sport in which performance, depends on physiological capabilities. Determining and addressing influential genetic factors can help an effective selecting process and guiding talented athletes and personalizing their exercises. This study aims to assess the potential importance of polymorphism of ACTN3, MCT1, PPARGC1A, ACSL1 and PPARA genes in professional soccer players in Iranian Pro League. In this research, 30 professional players of a soccer team in Iranian Pro League were studied. The control group includes 100 non-athlete men whose genomic DNA were extracted from their saliva. Genotype detection using PCR-RFLP method was conducted to identifying polymorphism in ACTM3, PPARGC1A, genes. Frequency of these two polymorphisms among soccer players and control group was determined by statistical test Chi Squared (χ 2 ). Our statistical analysis show a significant difference in XX genotypic frequency in ACTN3 gene polymorphism between soccer players and control group (P = 0. 022). Whereas, RR genotypic frequency show no significance difference between soccer players and control group (P = 0. 058). Also, it was found that GG genotypic frequency in PPARGC1A gene polymorphism is statistically significant (P = 0. 023). (In all genotypes P < 0. 05). The results showed that the rs8192678 polymorphism of PPARGC1A gene, can probably be a genetic marker for detecting and discovering talented people in the Iranian populations. In addition, regarding to the literatures, polymorph of ACTN3, individually or in combination, can be considered as a marker gene in soccer.

Current study aim was to examine the effects of wearing surgical and N95 facemasks on response of the physiological and electrocardiography markers include; QRS complex, QT interval, ST depression and P amplitude during exhaustive maximal exercise in healthy women. In a semi-experimental protocol, 36 healthy volunteers females (mean age and BMI of 30. 3 ± 3. 9 years and 22. 47 ± 3. 1 kg/m 2, respectively) randomly allocated to three groups of 12 peoples consist to; Max-N95 mask, Max-Surgical mask, and Max-Nomask). Subjects in the aforesaid groups performed a maximal Bruce protocol, while wearing a surgical mask, an N95 mask and without a modified Burce mask, respectively. Physiological and electrocardiography parameters and time to exhaustion were compared. Data was analyzed to oneway ANOVA at P≤ 0. 05 level. Maximal exercising with N95 mask was associated with a significant decrease in QTc interval levels, as compared to Max-Surgical mask (P<0. 05) group and Max-Nomask (P<0. 027) control group. Although, the intergroup differences increase in heart rate and QRS following Bruce protocol were not differ significantly, very nearly significant level (P value was 0. 073 and 0. 075, respectively). In healthy subjects, supervised maximal physical activity, particularly with a surgical mask is feasible and safe, and associated with only minor changes in ECG and physiological parameters, specifically a mild decrease in QTc. Future studies should examine impact of physical activity with various intensities, while using any mask in aged persons and or suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases.

The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training and coenzyme Q10 supplement on interleukin 4 and 10 levels and functional indices of skilled softball players. Twenty females Softball players from Isfahan (21/68± 4/16 years) were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of 10 players (experimental group; Q10 + power resistance training) and (control group; placebo + power resistance training). The intervention consisted of eight weeks of Q10 supplementation (a 200 mg capsule) and 2 sessions per week of power resistance training along. Before and after the 8-week intervention. each workout was incloud 10 minutes of warm-up, 40-45 minutes of basic resistance training with intensity of 60-70 % of 1RM and cooling for 10 minutes. Training station included 6 foot press movement, chest press, shoulder press, armpit traction, the front thigh and back thigh was with the device. Tagility tast, 60 m sprint test, vertica jump sargent, sit-ups, and hand-grip power were evaluated, Blood samples were also taken before and after eight weeks of IL-10, IL-4, CK and LDH factors. data were analyzed using independent ttest and paired t-test at the significant level of p <0. 05 . Speed records (P = 0. 04 experimental; P = 0. 02 control), agility (P = 0. 03 experimental; P = 0. 03 control), hand-grip power (P = 0. 009 experimental; P = 0. 01 control), sit-ups (P = 0. 001 experimental; P = 0. 003 control) and lactate dehydrogenase levels (P = 0. 03 experimental; P = 0. 03 control) significantly improved in both groups; however, Sargent's jump (P = 0. 10 experimental; P = 0. 89 control), creatine kinase levels (P = 0. 67 experimental; P = 0. 66 control), interleukin-4 (P = 0. 32 experimental; P = 0. 33 control) and interleukin-10 (P = 0. 97 experimental; P = 0. 08 control) did not alter in either group. It appears that resistance training with Q10 supplementation along with specialized softball exercises is effective in developing some functional variables, especially abdominal muscle endurance.