JOURNAL OF THE MARCO AND STRATEGIC POLICIES
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 (31)|Papers Count:8

One of the most important issues in each country is the issue of control, known in the field of strategic management as “ strategic control” . In strategic and macro-policies, much emphasis is put on strategic control. This is a model controlling different strategic components. However, there have been many models of strategic control, recently. The current study, though, reviews the available designed strategic control models (22 in total), so that it can provide a synthetic model for strategic control at the macro-level. The selection of the components is based on the meta-synthetic method in seven steps. Out of the 22 reviewed models, 129 components were identified and a comprehensive synthetic model was given. This model consists of an entry, processing, exit, consequence, and feedback stages, each of which include particular subcategories.

The current research aims to have a future study and scenario analysis of the synthetic indicators of the knowledge-based economy following the cross-impact analysis. First, the key components are identified and analyzed, and then the general scenarios of the knowledge-based economy in Iran are suggested. The study borrows the norm paradigm and planning through allegiance approach of the higher-documents. The perspective is the 2025 document. The data were collected from the literature, and the questionnaire of the national and international researchers analyzed via the hierarchical system and the MIC MAC diagram. The findings of the cross-impact analysis showed that 14 key components out of the 32 had the most effect on the knowledge-based economy. These components were influential in conceptualizing the scenarios. The knowledge-based indicators include: 1. The share of exporting advanced technology from industrial productions, 2. the established commercial marks and brands, 3. the share of exporting IT products out of the total exportation of products and services, and 4. the royalty and license expenses.

Social, economic, political, and environmental issues besides the changing manner of consumers have attracted the attention of researchers toward food supply chain. The bread supply chain in Iran is a key component because of the strategic condition of wheat products in the food security policies, and bread as a main food of families. However, it should be mentioned that risk in the chain reduces its function and increases its challenges; therefore, it is imperative to investigate the bread supply chain management in Iran. To this aim, this study tries to suggest a framework for bread supply chain risk management in four phases, namely, the risk identification of the bread supply chain, the evaluation of bread supply chain risk, the analysis of bread supply chain risk, and the provision of resolution to combat against bread supply chain risk. The findings show that the policy makers should put into use the knowledge of bread supply chain risk management and employ a positive attitude. They need to tune their plans and policies at the micro and macro levels with the research findings, spreading the education and implementation of the knowledge in the risk management of these chains. Finally, the framework of the risk management of the bread supply chain in Iran is explained.

In the second phase of the Islamic revolution, economy has noted to be the most important concern. The higher documents and the advices of the supreme leader are testimonies to this concern. As noted in this study, economy can push the country to become the most powerful nation in the region and the world when it is overshadowed with stability and security. In fact, economic security insures the power of any country in the world. Therefore, the identification and prevention of the threats against the economic security of the country is not only important for achieving the 2025 perspective document, i. e. to become economically the most powerful country of the region, but also defines the power and national security of the country. The findings show that the internal economic challenges and political sanctions of the U. S and the west against Iran are the most internal and external threats for the country’ s economic security. The study analyzes the higher documents of the system, such as the macro-policies of the economic resistance and the 2025 perspective document, and indicates that the legal and economic strategies of these documents are to decrease the vulnerability of the economy to the minimum, so that the country can achieve its planned status in the national and international setting.

In line with the environmental macro-policies, it is imperative to review the history of official and legal structures of the current institutes of environment and natural resources quantitatively and qualitatively, so that appropriate policies and administrative organizational structures could be established for preserving the natural resources (part of the renewable natural resources) and environmental issues (pollution). This study adopts a descriptive-analytic method to investigate the historical and contemporary conditions, and other structural models to suggest an appropriate model for the related institutes. So far as the experiences of the current domestic or foreign structures show, this study suggests two administrative structures for the natural resources and environmental issues. The first one is related to the ‘ ministry of environments’ supervised by the executive power, and the second one related to the ‘ organization of preserving environment’ supervised by the judiciary power. The findings, supported by the changes during the history, can be a source for institutional and legal structuralization to make policy for a sustainable perspective. The suggested administrative structures could be employed to change the attitude and executive approaches related to the nature and environmental issues.

The five-year development plan is one of the main higher documents for the executive offices. The current study aims to see to what extent the entrepreneurship development has been taken into account in the five-year development plan. To this aim, a quantitative content analysis and comparative component approach have been adopted. The theoretical foundation for analyzing the policies is the entrepreneurial alphabet model of international supervision of entrepreneurship in three levels: establishment and encouragement of the entrepreneurship attitudes, expression of the entrepreneurship behaviors, and improving the entrepreneurship results. The sample of analysis is the five-year development plan of Iran. The categorization of the codes was based on three stages of open, axial, selective coding. They were, then, fed into the coding form as the data collection instrument. The findings show that although the vocabularies such as entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, and business have repetitively appeared in the first to the sixth development plans, the policies are not in line with the components of entrepreneurship development model. Mostly, the focus has been on the entrepreneurship behavior and results, and then on the entrepreneurship attitudes. This is unlike the entrepreneurship development theories in which the entrepreneurship attitudes are established and encouraged so that the behaviors and results of the entrepreneurship could be developed. Finally, some suggestions are provided for the policy-making of entrepreneurship development.

Since there are many religious and political thoughts prevalent in Iran, many patterns of power distribution have been established within the country; this is because of many social groups representing different traditional, Islamic, and modern beliefs during the Islamic revolution. Consequently, some conflicts emerged between the religious and modern rational perspectives within the government, revealing several challenges. Therefore, many models about power within society were shaped which were manifested in the constitution by Muslim thinkers. In other words, so far as the modern government theory emphasizing the idea of power distribution is concerned, power restriction has become a main component of political philosophy, which is centralized in the Islamic Republic of Iran’ s constitution. This has brought up many issues within the last couple of centuries. It is assumed that if power is not controlled, the social system might be corrupted and human right underestimated; therefore, in many modern countries, beside power control, the focus is on people’ s control of the government and officials. This study aims to investigate this issue in the constitution and analyze it in Islamic Republic of Iran’ s regulations. Moreover, some resolutions are given to prevent the challenges for officials within the political system.

The macro-policies, as the main components of the constitution, are fundamental features of the legal system in Iran. Investigating this determining institution should be in line with its features. An issue, in this regard, is the feasibility of the legal reference to the macro-policies. The justice court is a main legal institution which can play a role through reference to the macro-policies of the system. This study, however, employs a descriptive-analytic method to investigate the feasibility of reference to the policies in the justice court. The findings show that the hypothesis indicating the feasibility of reference to the macro-policies in the justice court is confirmed. This means that the argument against such a hypothesis is not acceptable, and that some of the conditions should be met in the quality of reference.