SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURE AND ART
Year:2021 | Volume:2 | Issue:4|Papers Count:6

The aim of this study was to identify the level of resistance or acceptance of gender stereotypes among Baluch female students of Iranshahr University. The theoretical framework of the present study is based on Giddens's theory of identity rethinking. This study is a quantitative and survey research method and a questionnaire was used. The statistical population of this study included all female students of Iranshahr University. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 277 people and sampling in the present study was based on classification sampling. The results of this study showed that about 3% of respondents were very resistant to gender stereotypes. The results of the correlation showed that there is a significant correlation between the level of religiosity of the respondents, membership in associations and associations, self-satisfaction and the environment with gender stereotypes. Analysis of structural equations showed that the variables of the model, namely the degree of religiosity, membership in associations and societies, self-satisfaction of people and others and the use of new social media,-0. 520, 0. 096,-0. 841 and / 047, respectively. 0 have a significant effect on the degree of resistance to gender stereotypes. Based on the research results, it can be said that considering the context of society as a quasi-modern society and considering the research field which is university level, the level of resistance to gender stereotypes is estimated at a low level and the reason for this is low access to new social media. High level of religiosity, individual satisfaction with living conditions and low level of civic activities such as membership in associations and non-governmental organizations.

Cultural criminology explores the many ways in which cultural dynamics intertwine with the practices of crime and crime control in contemporary society; in other words, cultural criminology emphasizes the centrality of meaning and representation in the construction of crime as momentary event, subcultural endeavor, and social issue. The approach of this branch of criminology to gender and race is different from the approaches of other criminology disciplines i. e. it has a critical and distinct view about the crime definition, victim definition and the dominant orthodox criminology, etc. cultural criminology considers the issues that are overlooked by the more conventional and dominant criminology. The research vacuum in the field of cultural studies of women, as well as lack of enough interest and willingness to address race and gender-related issues in classical criminology, has made cultural criminology a progressive important issue. The purpose of the present article is to analyze the method and the effect of this approach on realization or non-realization of the ideals of criminology in relation to the two main topics in the human new sciences; that is, race and gender by using descriptive – analytic method. In this regard, it seems that cultural criminology has acted as an efficient and effective science; therefore, the legal community, sociologists and policymakers should consider it more thoroughly.

Nationalist ideas and economic-spatial inequalities have always sought to reveal aspects of the frontier world; But they do not consider this kind of "openness" to be the borderline world of independent existence and express it in contrast to the centrist world, as a result of which these theories have not achieved the essence and meaning of being in the border world as they should. While these theories are important in revealing aspects of being in the world of borders, this study seeks to reveal what this world is from another aspect by considering an independent existence for the border. Considering an independent existence for the border means that a The historical background makes the openness of the border comprehensible to us, and in turn the border causes the openness of beings and the world around it, in the antique and ontological sense in a special way. The method of this research is a combination of Van Mannen's documentary-analytical method and hermeneutic phenomenology. In this study, purposive sampling was used to select the research samples, which after selecting 18 sampling items, reached theoretical saturation. The findings of this study indicate that the idea of "building" the nation provided the conditions for the openness of the borders, but the borders, after being formed, in their turn affected the way the beings of the world around them became open. Boundaries cause the world around them to become apparent, not in its essence and nature, but in a different way. "Instability", "insecurity", "panic" are the existential structures of the beings of the border world. Just as borders reveal the world around them in a special way, they also affect the "design" of frontier dwellers, revealing frontier dwellers as "anxious and uninhabitable" peoples.

This paper intended to investigate how women's identity is represented in Laki's proverbs. Theoretical framework of the paper is based on Stuart Hall, Jenkins, Giddens and Castells' notion on identity. The methodology of this study is a qualitative content analysis. Data was collected through documentation and interview. Data were analyzed based on the categorization technique. At the first level of analysis, we can refer to the representation of a woman as a being with the negative identity attributes, including instrumentality, irrational, immoral, and dependence, and positive identity attributes, such as wise, respectable, and pillar of the house. On the second level, findings indicated that the identity with which Lak's women have been represented partly differ from that of the dominant culture represents on the women's identity. In other words, the categories obtained to represent women are not similar in Laki's proverbs. This represented image can be categorized into three categories of Dot (daughter), Da (mother), and Daya (old woman). Among from these three groups, the identity of the mother age group was represented more positive than that of the two other groups, and the old woman's identity was represented more negative than the rest.

The present study seeks to retrieve the reasons for polygamy in the semantic system of the second wife. Understanding the situation of women, who play an important role in the family, is crucial. There is usually a negative point of view of women who become second wives in society, and this is because everyone believes that they are destroying a family. But they never ask themselves why a woman is willing to put herself in this position of accusation, which is difficult for her as well. . This research seeks to answer this question and its reasons. The methodology of this study is qualitative and in order to analyze the data and present the final theory, the grounded theory method has been used. The collection technique used in this study is in-depth interview. Participants include 23 women who are second wives and live in Malekshahi city of Ilam province. The results of the study include 6 concepts (old age, coercion, widowhood, destiny, financial poverty and love husband). Based on these concepts, we achieved three main categories (social contexts, sociability and cultural stereotypes). Finally, "patriarchy" was identified as the core category. Based on the findings, it can be said that the power structure in the family is more in favor of men, which in turn overshadows all aspects of the lives of girls and women in these families.

Nowadays toleration toward different groups’ beliefs and cultures is needed more than ever. This is because variety in different contexts has reached a level that life without having a minimum of social toleration will be impossible. In this study we specifically tried to evaluate the influence of social capital on toleration toward criminals in the city of Sari according to theories of Putnam and Fukuyama. King categorization was used in evaluation of toleration toward criminals. Statistical society in this study was all 18-35 years old young people in the city of Sari. Using Cochran Formula 400 of them was chosen by applying multi-level cluster sampling. The data needed in this study was also gathered using questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using “ SPSS” and “ Amos” software. The results suggested that the structure of trust with two dimensions of “ General trust” and “ Inter-personal trust” and the structure of relations with two dimensions of “ Formal relations” and “ Informal relations” had a positive and significant effect on toleration toward criminals. Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals). Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (toleration toward criminals).