PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Year:2021 | Volume:17 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between behavioral inhibition system, victimization and reward and body dysmorphic with mediating role of interpersonal cognitive distortions. The research method was descriptive – correlational which was done through path analysis. The study population consisted of high school students in academic year of 2019 in Tehran. 364 participants were selected via multistage cluster random sampling method and were assessed with Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale modified for body dysmorphic disorder, behavioral inhibition subscale, Moradi Bully Victimization scale, interpersonal cognitive distortions scale and reward probability index. The result of path analysis showed behavioral inhibition system, victimization and interpersonal cognitive distortions had a positive and direct relationship with body dysmorphic. Reward had a direct and negative relationship with body dysmorphic. Also the results indicated that interpersonal cognitive distortions play a significant mediating role on the relationship between behavioral inhibition system, victimization, and reward with body dysmorphic. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that behavioral inhibition system, victimization, reward and interpersonal cognitive distortions play a role in students’ body dysmorphic. The result can be used to design counseling and therapeutic program for students.

The aim of present study was to investigate the correspondence of Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) dimensions with vulnerable and grandiose narcissism. The resaerch method was a discriptive and correlatinal study. To this end 261 students from Tabriz University were selected by random cluster sampling and completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and Pathological Narcissism Inventory. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used to analyze data. Results revealed that all dimensions and total score of vulnerable narcissism were correlated significantly with five pathological personality traits; but dimensions and total score of grandiose narcissism were mostly correlated with antagonism and psychoticism significantly. Regression analysis of vulnerable narcissism showed that four pathological personality trait, including negative affect, antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism were significant predictor of total score of vulnerable narcissism, and with regard to dimension of vulnerable narcissism the same four aforementioned dimensions were predictor of contingent self-esteem; detachment and psychoticism were significant predictor of hiding the self; psychoticism was significant predictor of devaluing; and all pathological traits were significant predictor of entitlement rage. With respect to grandiose narcissism regression analysis revealed that antagonism and psychoticism were significant predictor of grandiose narcissism total score; and with respect to its dimensions, antagonism was significant predictor of exploitativeness; and psychoticism was significant predictor of Self-Sacrificing Self-Enhancement, and also significant predictor of grandiose fantasy. It can be concluded that DSM-5 AMPD relatively corresponds with grandiose and not with vulnerable narcissism.

As a psychopathology, nomophobia, is the consequences of excessive use of smartphones, although its pathological aspects are not yet clear. The present study aimed to identify the psychopathological profile of nomophobic individuals. The research methodology was descriptive-comparison. A sample of 323 people was selected from among the students of Semnan University based on the cut-off point scores and was placed in three groups of severe, moderate, and mild nomophobia. The instruments included Symptom Checklist-Revised and Nomophobia Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance, and Scheffe post hoc tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that in all 9 symptoms of SCL-90, the average score of people with severe nomophobia was higher than individuals with mild nomophobia. Similar results were obtained in groups with severe and moderate nomophobia, with the exception of two symptoms: somatization and phobia. Considering the psychopathological profile of people with severe nomophobia, it was found that the severity of psychological damage in this group was significantly higher in the symptoms of paranoid thoughts, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, obsession, and psychosis, respectively. The results provide a comprehensive picture of the psychopathologies associated with nomophobia, based on which intervention or research orientations in the field can be guided more effectively.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between emotional disorders symptoms according with research domain criteria dimensions and neuroticism spectrum disorders in diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders revised 5. For this purpose, 300 of depression, anxiety and OCD patients (age between 18 and 40) were selected voluntarily from six mental health centers of Tehran and invited to participate in this study. The instruments were the multi-dimensional emotion disorders inventory, Beck’ s Depression, Spielberger’ s anxiety and Madsley Obsessive Questionnaires. Results of the correlation between multi-dimensional emotion disorders inventory and those questionnaires were significant, that indicates high structural and convergence validity of this questionnaire by referring to the concepts of theoretical constructs. The Results of internal consistency by Cranbach’ s Alpha were significant for both the multi-dimensional emotion disorders inventory subscales and for total score. Furthermore, results of the correlation between the subscales and total score (except active avoidance) were significant. Findings of the psychometric properties evaluation of multi-dimensional emotion disorders inventory represent the acceptable validity and reliability in Iranian mental disorder patients. Clinical evaluation with the multi-dimensional emotional disorders inventory leads us to evaluate ten dimensions of emotional dysfunctions in patients. Further studies suggested to emotional disorders diagnosis by this measure

The phenomenon of aging is the result of the natural course of time, which leads to physiological, psychological and social changes. Considering the accelerating growth of the aging population and the fact that the elderly suffers from reduced cognitive flexibility and feelings of loneliness due to old age and reduced abilities; Therefore, this study was performed to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on loneliness and cognitive flexibility in elderly men. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was the elderly male in Ahvaz in 2020. The sample size consisted of 30 elderly men (60 to 70 years old) who were selected by convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria. The experimental group received Therapeutic intervention in 8 weeks and 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The questionnaires used in this study included Dennis and Vanderwall Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire and Russell Loneliness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of loneliness and cognitive flexibility. In other words, compassion-focused therapy reduced loneliness and increased cognitive flexibility in the elderly. Consistent with the findings of the present study, compassion-focused therapy can be suggested as an effective method to reduce feelings of loneliness and increase cognitive flexibility in the elderly.

Building on ideas developed in the quantitative approach, this paper aims to explore the roles of child abuse and insecure attachment, through the mediation of cognitive process, in explaining conduct disorder in adolescents. By using the multi-stage cluster sampling, 300 girl students ages 12-15 years, who were studying in secondary schools in Ghorveh city during the education year of 2020-21 were selected randomly to fill six scales including Achenbach’ s behavioral problems Youth Self-Report scale, Child Abuse Self-Reporting Scale, Revised Adult Attachment Scale of Collins and Reads, Deep Information Processing, Wechsler Memory Scale for Children, and Stroop Color-Word Test. According to the findings which ware achieved by employing correlational method and structural equation model, three independent variables including child abuse, insecure attachment, and cognitive process directly impacted on forming conduct disorder as the dependent variable. Moreover, child abuse and insecure attachment predicted conduct disorder through the mediation of cognitive process (as a mediational variable). Research findings indicated that the model was fitted properly and thus the experts of health, psychology, and education can use the findings in considering clinical problems and also in arranging preventive and educative plans.

Mental health problems sometimes manifest themselves in the form of physical problems and psychosomatic complaints. Moreover, these symptoms can become chronic and cause more problems in the future if not identified and treated in time. This study investigated the role of child’ s self-efficacy in the relationship between childhood traumatic events and the incidence of psychosomatic complaints. The population included all 10-14 years old boys of Tehran city. A sample of 215 boys was made by convenience sampling method. The participants were selected from fifth and sixth grades of two all-boys elementary schools at 11th and 18th districts in Tehran. Research questionnaires include the following: The Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Children (Morris), the Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events (Greenwald and Rubin) and the Psychosomatic Complaints Scale (Takata and Sakata). Data were analyzed by mediator and moderator analysis. Results showed that the children’ s self-efficacy variable was not a moderator between the traumatic events and the occurrence of psychosomatic complaints, but it was a mediator. Therefore, treatments aimed to reduce psychosomatic complaints and treat traumatized children, should include self-efficacy promotion in their agenda.

Cannabis is the most popular illicit drug in the world. Repeated cannabis use is associated with adverse cognitive and mental health. Purpose of this study were compared Executive Functions in patients with cannabis use, recovered (patients treated) and normal individuals. For this purpose, in a causal-comparative study, 50 patients who used cannabis who referred to Shiraz psychiatric centers in the first six months of 2019, they did not have psychiatric, neurological, cognitive disabilities and dependence on non-opioids and received a definitive diagnosis of cannabis use disorder by a psychiatrist, 50 recovered patients with at least six months of no-use period and 50 normal individuals with no history of substance use were selected by available sampling method and were evaluated by the Wisconsin card sorting test and the Wechsler memory scale. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that the performance of cannabis group compared to the improved group and normal individuals and also the performance of the improved group compared to the normal group in Wisconsin test and Wechsler memory scale were significantly different. But there was no significant difference in the perseveration error in the improved and normal groups. Therefore, it can be said that cannabis consumption disrupts the executive functions and memory of consumers and can continue even after quitting.