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مرکز اطلاعات علمی SID1
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    1-11
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    751
  • Downloads: 

    674
Abstract: 

Having a reliable, low-cost, and always available energy production system has announced the energy storage systems as an important candidate. There are different methods to store renewable energies, which the storage of latent heat energy is more important one because of its ability to generate high energy storage density at constant temperature (phase change phase). Organic or inorganic compounds that are capable of absorbing and storing large amounts of heat energy are called phase-change materials. Due to the high efficiency and high capicity of phase-change materials in energy storage systems, the use of these materials in recent years has attracted many developed countries. The purpose of this paper is to review the various types of phase-change materials, the application systems and the other researches on these materia ls.

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Author(s): 

Karimdoost Yasuri Amir

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    12-18
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2046
  • Downloads: 

    941
Abstract: 

Today, due to rapid technological advancement and the growing need for energy production, it is trying to get the best possible clean and cheap electricity with the use of new technologies. In this regard, nanotechnology plays a significant role in improving the performance of various parts of the power plants. The use of nano-fluids in cooling systems of generators reduces the cost of cooling and increases the efficiency of power plants. Recently, the use of WS2 nanoparticles in the production of nanowires for lubricating has resolved the problems of old lubricants. The production of nano-fibers used in the air purification of gas turbines improves the protection level of turbines. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are of great importance for the thermal insulation of the hot components of the gas turbine blades. Nanocrystalline solar cells have increased the efficiency of solar cells by up to 35%. Polymer nano-composites and carbon nanotubes have anti-moisture and anti-thermal properties that increase the strength of wind turbine blades. This paper examines the application of nanotechnology in the power industry to improve the efficiency of equipment in different parts of power plants as well as reduce energy costs. The methodology is to collect and reflect various topics and literature related to nanoscience in energy production from oth er research, papers, projects and reports.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    19-24
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    577
  • Downloads: 

    438
Abstract: 

Agricultural and livestock residues can be used to produce clean fuels such as biogas. An anaerobic digestion process is one of the accepted technologies, both in terms of industry and economics, for the production of energy from organic waste. Khuzestan province has a significant potential for methane production with its 2500 head of buffalo and large corn farms. For this purpose, an investigation was carried out to investigate the process of producing methane from the combination of corn Chaff and buffalo salad with four levels and three replications (t1=10: 90), (t2=20: 80), (t3=90: 1 (t4=80: 20) Anaerobic digestion using 1. 5 lit bottles as digestion) and a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design at Animal Husbandry Station of Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources University These compounds were evaluated based on the weight of dry matter escaping at 10% at a temperature between 30 and 40 degrees Celsius, called the mesophilic temperature. At the end of the study, which included a twenty-eight-day period, the Re sults showed that the highest methane produced in the combination was 20: 80, 30. 83 lit and the lowest methane produced in the combination of 90: 10 to 13. 04 lit. Results showed that there was a significant statistical difference between treatments has it.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    25-30
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1520
  • Downloads: 

    851
Abstract: 

With consideration of the increasing energy demand and deficit of fossil fuel resources, the best way for the conquest of renewable resources alternation is the use of hybrid system. In this research, the performance of wind-photovoltaic hybrid system for providing the required electrical energy for a big ministerial building in Kermanshah city is investigated. The required electrical load for the month of a year was calculated 178000 kWh/year by using average electrical energy consumption. With consideration of wind average velocity for hours of a year, Weibull and Rayleigh distribution functions for this location was determined. Also, the power and annual energy of each turbine using wind speed data was calculated. The amount of average solar radiation by use of solar energy relations was calculated, and then, with consideration of annual total energy, the required annual wind energy versus solar cell surfaces selection was determined. Finally, the type and number of turbines by using of their technical specification for each surface selection of solar cells was determined and the performance of hybrid system including 300 m2 photovoltaic solar cells and a 20 kW turbine for providing electrical energy for this building was investigated and compared.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    31-41
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    2908
  • Downloads: 

    1175
Abstract: 

Many evidences of climate changes suggest that humanity must be concerned about the future. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is at its highest in the past six hundred and fifty thousand years, and is rising steadily. Following an increase in emissions of greenhouse gases, drought, famine, an increase in ocean water levels is only part of the predictable consequences of this issue. The energy sector has a significant share in greenhouse gas emissions. According to the Climate Change Convention, Iran ranked the world's seventh largest carbon dioxide producer in 2017. According to the Paris Summit, to limit the increase in ground temperature to two degrees Celsius, emissions from the energy sector should be reduced to 40%. Given that fossil fuels are a major source of energy production, the use of renewable energies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and measure emissions through carbon footprint can help reduce the effects of climate change. By calculating the carbon footprint stored when using renewable energies instead of fossil fuels and taking into account the environmental benefits and hence the lower costs that this type of energy imposes on the environment It is possible to understand the beneficial effects of using renewable energies in a more intelligible way. This paper reviews the history and methods of calculating the carbon footprint, as well as studies on the calculation of carbon dioxide emissions in the production of electricity from fossil fuels and renewable energy. Carbon footprint analysis can help person understand the effects of human activity and organizations on the environment and provide scientific resources to reduce carbon emissions and climate change in countries.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    42-54
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1784
  • Downloads: 

    1169
Abstract: 

Geothermal energy, as one of the renewable energies, has a significant contribution to global energy production. This energy is defined as the extraction of thermal energy from the underlying layers of the earth, and unlike other renewable energies, it is not limited to the season, time, and conditions, and can be exploited without interruption. Heat transfer in such systems is carried out by a hot fluid, which is available in underground hot water reservoirs. Researchers have found that areas containing warm underground water are rare and in many places water is not available to exploit its thermal energy. This heat penetrates into the rocks at low water points and causes very high temperatures. The method of extracting energy from hot stones in these areas is called improved geothermal energy. This paper tries to summarize the improved geothermal energy, the location of this energy in the world, its benefits and, ultimately, some of the world's most important projects, including the Los Alamos project as one of the first projects in the use of Examine the improved geothermal energy.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    55-61
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    546
  • Downloads: 

    546
Abstract: 

Energy is one of the most fundamental challenges faced by all societies, which, lack of attention to it, causes many dangers in all aspects of human life. The energy of the sea waves is one of the types of renewable energies that has been sources of energy used in human societies. so far, the different absorbents is developed on the specific conditions in the oceans. Many innovative ideas have been invented to transform the wave into power generation in the last three decades. The seabed carpet is one of the available absorbents, which offers significant advantages over other power generation systems. the present study investigates the structure And the function of this absorbent is to further understand the feasibility of using in the seas of Iran. This paper first explores the parameters and advantages of using a seabed carpet absorbent by studying literature on energy extraction. Also, mathematical relations related to the calculation of the power and efficiency of the device have been extensively expanded.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    62-70
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    935
  • Downloads: 

    562
Abstract: 

Greenhouse gases are the main cause of climate change and global warming. Due to increasing demand for energy, various policies and programs adopt to reduce fossil fuel consumption as one of the emitters of greenhouse gases, the focus of clean and renewable energies to address climate change is prioritized. Iran aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 4 and 12 percent based on two non-conditional and conditional scenarios for contribution in the Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Program in 2030. Scenarios have been considered for the use of renewable energy capacities of the country by the year 1409 to meet the country's electricity demand due to the high share of the power plant's part and the country's potential in renewable resources. The results of the scenarios survey indicate that with the development of solar power, wind and geothermal power generation capacity of 25, 000, 12, 000 and 500 MW respectively, a reduction in distribution would be achieved in line with the obligations of the country under the Paris Agreement. This implies that despite the potential capacity for renewable resources in the country, by adopting appropriate incentives for the development of energy from renewable sources, in addition to reducing carbon dioxide emissions, such as reducing fuel consumption Fossil fuels in the energy sector and the possibility of using them in other higher value added sectors or export them.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    71-77
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    451
  • Downloads: 

    504
Abstract: 

Hydro-power is one of the most important ways of providing energy in peak hours. Restructuring in the electricity industry has created rivalry among the country's electricity suppliers. In order to increase the profitability of investment and better utilization of resources, estimating the future price of electricity is of particular importance to producers. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), as one of the most important methods of artificial intelligence, have many uses in predicting and predicting phenomena. Recently, in order to improve the performance of the model of artificial intelligence models, their combination with optimization models has become widespread. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of ANN, PSO-ANN and GA-ANN models in predicting the dispersed and sinusoidal data of peak daily electricity prices in Iran. The results show that the use of PSO-ANN and GA-ANN models in this case study has no superiority to the ANN model and has not improved the performance and forecast of the electricity market data.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    78-84
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    485
  • Downloads: 

    576
Abstract: 

Recently, renewable energies have attracted attentions among different societies due to the reduction of fossil fuels resources and environmental problems. Geothermal energy has taken a particular consideration due to its permanent potential, as well as low operating costs and high efficiency. Nowadays, one of the most useful applications of geothermal energy is the geothermal heat pumps that use electricity to provide the cooling and heating demand of buildings. This system reduces the fossil fuel consumption, decrease external costs and government subsidies on fossil fuels. In this paper, Shiraz under construction building in 2015 is considered to evaluate the replacement of geothermal heat pumps with conventional systems. The result showed that by this method, annually 25’ 997’ 236 m 3 of natural gas is saved, and approximately 8. 7 million dollars is obtained by exportation, as well as the release of 208. 5 thousand tons of pollutants to the environment is prevented. It was also observed that if the government allocates citizens 30 percent of heat pump costs as a subsidy, the government capital will return in 5 years.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    85-93
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    301
  • Downloads: 

    432
Abstract: 

Determining the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground in each location is important for many practical applications such as the use of solar energy. However, in many stations due to the high cost of installing and maintaining solar radiation measuring equipment, the direct measurement of this parameter is limited. Hence, in the past decades, some empirical equations have been developed to estimate the received solar radiation that needs to calibrate for use in any location. In this study in order to evaluate the performance of gene expression programming method for solar radiation simulation, daily meteorological data of Ahwaz synoptic station were used. For this purpose, day of the year parameter and daily data of the minimum temperature, maximum temperature and average temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and the extraterrestrial radiation of three consecutive years (2006-2008) in Ahwaz were selected as input for GEP models. The performance of the GEP model in comparison with experimental methods angstrom and Hargreaves-Samani were studied also. Generally the results showed that, GEP model had better performance than empirical equations for estimates of solar radiation and among of the empirical equation used in this study, the Angstrom equation was accurate compared to the Hargreaves-Samani model.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    94-104
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    518
  • Downloads: 

    530
Abstract: 

The rapid growth of energy consumption and global warming are one of the key challenges of the present era. Addressing these challenges requires the use of novel technologies. Use of Polygeneration system is one of the best ways to ensure energy sustainability and reduce greenhouse gases. This system is divided into two types of Cogeneration and Trigeneration. Besides, sustainable energy supply requires storage system and the compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a perfect choice with Polygeneration system which leads to multiple technical, economical and environmental advantages. In the present article, the most recent studies on Polygeneration and CAES combined systems, were investigated. The combined system reduces load pressure on the global network and benefits from peak shaving rate advantage. Trigeneration system based on the cooling technology, were divided into three types of absorption cooling chiller, pneumatic motor and ejector. In the meantime, cooling by pneumatic motor or expander has more advantages in terms of technical, economical and environmental conditions. It was found that, the CAES system due to its high-tech features – if added with non-complex equipment – is potential in a Polygeneration system.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    105-113
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    401
  • Downloads: 

    89
Abstract: 

Today's energy consumption is increasing in developing countries. Most countries generate electricity from fossil fuels. Combined cycle plants produce 1 kg of 660 g of carbon dioxide gas. In study Firouzkouh province of Tehran province has been studied to use a small turbine to supply electricity to greenhouses. According to the study, Firuz Mountain has a wind density142 (w / m 2 ) at a height of 10 meters from the ground. In this The wind speed is 5. 6 m/s. Due to the wind speed and wind density in the Firoozkouh region, wind turbines of 10 and 5 kW have been used for further investigation. The 10 and 5 kW Hummer turbines produce 2394 and 1532 watts, respectively, with respect to the region's wind velocity, respectively. To reduce greenhouse costs, it is possible to invest in wind energy, while taking advantage of the environmental benefits of dispersed production and reducing the cost of greenhouse products in the long run. The reviews of this paper show that turbines 10 and 5 kilowatts of hammer in the Firoozkooh area and 10 meters high for installation and use.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    114-123
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    377
  • Downloads: 

    543
Abstract: 

A milestone in linear parabolic solar power plants is the use of direct steam production systems. In these systems, due to the presence of water as a heat transfer fluid, we witness an increase in the working temperature. In a direct-production steam generator (DSG), the Sun's energy hits the tube where the water flows. Failure to control the flow of fluid in the boiling section leads to the arrival of the thermal flux of the fluid to the critical heat flux. The important point in designing these types of power plants is the critical point (with critical heat flux), which causes many problems, including thermal stresses in solar absorber. Therefore, the study of the boiling process in the absorber of these power plants is important. In this research, a homogeneous two-phase model is introduced for numerical simulation. In the first stage, an optical model for the reflector is simulated. In the next step, the heat transfer equations are simulated for radiation absorbent and heat transfer inside the pipe. Finally, the changes in the tube's wall and water temperature are investigated. The LUT method has been used to determine the location and amount of critical heat flux. In modeling, steam quality, wall temperature and fluid temperature and critical thermal flux point are obtained for different values of pressure and mass flow and the system efficiency is determined. The system's continuous function for different radiations (which is equivalent to different climatic conditions) has been examined.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    6
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    124-133
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    837
  • Downloads: 

    852
Abstract: 

The role of energy in the global economy may highlight the importance of energy. Accordingly, development and expansion of theories as well as the energy applications have led to novel methods for the issues associated with the energy and environment. A number of scholars have addressed solar energy and considered it an appropriate alternative for the fossil fuels. Therefore, using solar systems as one of the components of the buildings has become more common. According to 2015 census, Tehran urban have 20×10 6 residential buildings consuming a tremendous amount of energy derived from fossil fuels. Consequently, using solar energy could provide a part of energy consumed by residential buildings in Tehran urban. In the present study, residential buildings of Tehran city were considered as the sample, and the energy consumed for heating and hot water was calculated. The results indicate that the energy consumed by such buildings for heating and hot water accounts for 559. 88 kW which is equivalent to 4904111 h saved electrical energy. Therefore, the reduction of CO2, SO2, NOx, CO, and SPM pollutants as the result of saving in electrical energy for residential buildings is respectively 28. 08 Ton, 490 kg, 438. 4 kg, 0. 49 kg, and 52. 96 kg. Notably, using solar energy may lead to saving in fossil fuel consumption; furthermore, the costs associated with their production and handling are reduced.

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