Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    44
  • Issue: 

    4 (176)
  • Pages: 

    267-288
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    722
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

To control Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of wheat head blight, 350 strains of epiphytic bacteria were recovered and purified from wheat canopy. Based on the results of antagonistic properties of the collected strains, four strains including a nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol resistant mutant were selected and their potential for controlling head blight on falat wheat cultivar was evaluated in greenhouse. The plants at anthesis sprayed with antagonists (109 cfu/ml) and 24h later they were inoculated with macroconidium suspension (2×106 spores/ml) of the pathogen. One week after inoculation, the heads monitored and diseases symptoms recorded. The analysis of variance showed significant deference between all treatments (P=99%). The mean comparisons by Duncan test showed significant differences in disease severity between pathogen plus antagonist treatments and positive control (only pathogen). No significant differences were observed among five antagonists in their biological ability. These five antagonists reduced the disease severity by 50-80% in comparisons with positive control. Tracing the marked antagonist (strain G5-2) showed that it maintained its population as much as 22- 56% of total resident bacterial population up to the harvesting time. This finding is considered a first reporting of tracing antagonist population on the host, which could be used as a tool of measuring antagonist population maintenance.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    44
  • Issue: 

    4 (176)
  • Pages: 

    319-329
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1075
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Host suitability of 17 soybean cultivars commonly grown in Iran to the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, was evaluated in growth chamber, greenhouse and field conditions. In pot experiments, host suitability was determined on the basis of the nematode development on the tested cultivars compared to the standard susceptible cultivar Lee 74. Reaction of the cultivars was also evaluated by growing the tested entries in a naturally infested field and determination of the nematode development on them as a ratio of the nematode development on cv. Lee 74. The nematode type categorization was determined by a bioassay test on the differential lines. All of the cultivars except DPX showed a high degree of susceptibility to H. glycines HG Type 0. None of the cultivars classified as moderately susceptible or moderately resistant. Resistance of the cv. DPX with low female index was consistant in pot and field trials.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

View 1075

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    44
  • Issue: 

    4 (176)
  • Pages: 

    330-346
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    807
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Application of a mixture of biocontrol agents, as a promising way to control plant pathogens, may have positive or negative effects on their key biocontrol genes expression levels. In this study, interactions between DAPG+ (2,4- diacetylphloroglocinol) and DAPG- P. fluorescens strains and chitinase-producing T. atroviride, indicated that expression of the ech42 was repressed by co-inoculation with the P. fluorescens strains. The repression was observed in the presence of both DAPG+ and DAPG- isolates, indicating that DAPG does not play a role in the ech42 expression. In contrast, the nag1 expression did not show significant decrease in DAPG- strains. Interestingly, DAPG+ strains had a positive effect on nag1 expression. Mycelial growth of T. atroviride was reduced in the presence of bacterial isolates. This decline was significantly higher in the presence of DAPG+ isolates in comparison to DAPG- isolates, indicating a possible role of DAPG on the mycelial growth. In conclusion, our results showed that specific interactions between studied biocontrol agents, can affect the expression level of key biocontrol genes.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    44
  • Issue: 

    4 (176)
  • Pages: 

    347-354
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1246
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Canola stem canker or blackleg, caused by Phoma lingam is a disease of world-wide importance on oilseed rape. Pathogenicity of ten isolates on Hayola 401 cultivar of canola under greenhouse conditions was studied and the most virulent isolate with 17% disease severity was selected for cultivars resistance studies. The relative resistance of ten cultivars namely Hayola 401, Hayola 308, Talaye, Zarfam, Sarigol, Fornax, Modena, Okapi, Option 500 and RGS 003 to P. lingam was studied in greenhouse conditions, using randomized complete block design with three replications. Disease severity was assessed ten days after inoculation with pathogen, by measuring the chlorotic and necrotic area in leaves by means of leaf area meter apparatus. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the cultivars in resistance to this fungus (P£0.01). According to mean disease severity in inoculation experiments the cultivars were placed into four groups. Sarigol and Hayola 401 with disease severity of 19.35 and 17.5 percent were the most susceptible cultivars. In contrast, Fornax and Talaye with disease severity of 5.86 and 5.82 percent were the least susceptible cultivars. Other cultivars were of intermediate susceptibility. This is the first study on evaluation of relative resistance of some commonly grown canola cultivars in Iran to a virulent Iranian isolate of P. lingam.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

SADRAVI M. | SETAYESH MEHR F.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    44
  • Issue: 

    4 (176)
  • Pages: 

    355-361
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    2897
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

The North Khorasan province is an important tomato growing area in Northeast Iran. Fungal diseases of tomato studied with survey and sampling of diseased plants from 15 villages of this province in 2005 and 2006. Fungi isolated from diseased plants tissues and purified. Then, their optimum temperature for growth determined. Their inoculation to seeds and transplants of four commercial cultivars, Falat, Mobil, Super stran B and PS, and reisolation from diseased tissues, showed incidence of the diseases: Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lycopersici), Fusarium root rot (Fusarium solani), Rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) and Black mold (Alternaria alternata) in this province. All cultivars were susceptible to these diseases in seed germination stage, but transplants of some cultivars showed significantly resistance. Occurrence of these diseases in this province and reaction of cultivars is reported for the first time from Iran.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    44
  • Issue: 

    4 (176)
  • Pages: 

    362-363
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1211
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Almond witches' broom (AlmWB) is an economically important disease in Iran and Lebanon. Graft inoculation was used to study the reaction of stone fruits other than almond to AlmWB phytoplasma. Two-year old seedlings of bitter almond (Prunus scoparia), peach (P. persica), (Cultivars E1berta, zaferani and Shaftalou) nectarine (P. persica var. nusipersica), apricot (P. armeniaca,), cherry (P. avium), plum (P. salicina ), prune (P. domestica) and soure cherry (P. cerasus) were obtained from a local nursery in an AlmWB disease free area in Isfahan. The absence of phytoplasma in provided seedlings was confirmed by nested- PCR using P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs. Seedlings of each cultivar were grafting inoculated (3 scions per seedling) with Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium infected shoots of an infected almond tree. Five seedlings of each cultivar were grafted and one remained as control.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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