ISLAMIC POLITICS RESEARCH
Year:2020 | Volume:8 | Issue:17|Papers Count:12

The leader's management strategies play a very decisive role in national authority; therefore, in order to achieve, maintain and increase the national authority, its factors and strategies must be examined from the viewpoint of Ayatollah Khamenei. This article is part of a research that examines national sovereignty in his expressions and messages using the thematic analysis process and MaxQDA software. The spiritual factors of national sovereignty in His Holiness's thought, which is rooted in the teachings of Islam, are divided into two parts: teachings based on communication with the Creator and teachings based on communication with the people. The present study, with the aim of aiding the authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a case study studing the teachings based on communication with the Creator and then, according to the religious origin of these teachings, Quranic principles as the Seghl Akbar have been extracted. These teachings state communicative behavior of servants toward God include the following topics: Faith, piety, trust, heart-to-heart communication with God, believing communication, divine morality, prayer and divine motivation. On the other hand, God extends His support and kindness to the servants who deserve it.

In a leading research, the communication principles of governance at the Islamic level have been examined by focusing on the letters of Imam Ali (as) to his executive officers in Nahj al-Balaghah. For this purpose, content analysis method with emphasis on quantitative approach has been used. Based on qualitative analyzes and according to the abundance of statistical data in these letters, fifteen principles of governance were extracted. Assuming that the amount of attention paid to each of them in a significant number of letters can indicate the priority value of each principle, these principles have been adjusted and prioritized. The principles obtained fall into two general categories; Common principles have been established with the principles of good governance and specific principles of the Alawite government, and the policies related to each of these principles have been examined with emphasis on statistical data and quantitative analysis. In the end, it turned out that two thirds of the principles communicated by Ali in terms of goals and general titles are consistent with the principles of good governance, and the biggest difference is in the ideological and spiritual principles. Also, in common cases, the principles of efficiency and effectiveness have been most frequently repeated in government letters.

Guidance has a transcendent meaning in Islamic literature and is at the center of the definition of politics in Islamic sources; and it is its identity which has both internalized politics and differentiated it from others (history). Research on political leadership, unlike the category of leadership, does not have a long history. In the first way, the lack of research in the political thought of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution is also evident (background). What model can the political thought of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution regarding political guidance provide? (Question). The method used to answer this question is data foundation (grounded theory) with the approach of Strauss and Corbin, who have provided a systematic approach to qualitative research (method). In this research, 548 selected propositions in the open coding process were extracted from the statements of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, and by contemplating these propositions, 688 concepts or themes were obtained. A comparative study of these concepts revealed 101 categories. In axial coding, cognitive and perceptual categories, tendencies and emotions, and action and behavior were inferred from these categories as axial phenomena. And other categories, according to the type of their relationship with the central category, were formulated into causal, contextual, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. And in the selective coding, the category of “ political man at the level of the system and the revolution” as a central phenomenon has integrated all categories around it and thus a model of political guidance in the political thought of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution was developed.

One of the aspects of education is political education which is one of the most important mechanisms of citizenship. The approaches of Islamic political education are derived from religious-human theology; therefore, politics is associated with moral education and ensures the worldly and hereafter happiness of Islamic societies. Such an inference and position of the concept of political education necessitates the study of the principles and components of political education in the minds of Islamic thinkers and leaders. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method and using the theoretical framework of nature, the concept of political education in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought is examined. Therefore, the question of the article refers to the modality of political education in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought, and the hypothesis of the article is based on Ayatollah Khamenei's thought on the theory of human nature, concepts such as justice, participation, freedom and responsibility which are considered as the basic principles of Islamic political education that strengthens the two areas of citizens’ insight and attitude responsible for directing the attitudes and behaviors of citizens.

Education has various fields and arenas and one of the most important fields of education is the field of political education (background). In order to achieve the goals of education in the political field, it is necessary to identify its needs by considering (its) principles and indicators. Therefore, in order to design a smart curriculum, determining the basics, principles, indicators and procedures to identify the needs of the political field is a key issue (Issue’ s statement). Therefore, the research question is: what are the principles, indicators and needs assessment strategies in the process of political education? (Question) According to this, the type of research is an applied research. The answer to the research question has been obtained with a qualitative approach and through content analysis of the data obtained from interviews with experts, organizational and upstream documents, theoretical sources and accreditation in the expert group (method). According to the research findings, continuity, inclusion, comprehensiveness, coordination, participation and validity are the principles of needs assessment. Each of these principles has a set of indicators on the basis of which procedures are proposed (conclusion).

Regarding the Islamic Revolution, one of the most fundamental dangers, and also, one of the potential strategic opportunities and capacities facing Islamic Iran, is the issue of influence. Given this importance and the need to know the theoretical underpinnings of the problem of influence, the present article tries to answer the question that: “ How is the issue of influence explained based on the theory of relativity of Allamah Tabatabai? ” The findings of this study show that influence is in fact the same employment that originates from the self-love and the interest-seeking nature of man. According to this intrinsic ordinance, the “ followers of self-Excellence and blissfulness” always seek to influence state and guided ruler (positive influence), and on the contrary, the “ followers of selfishness and egocentrism” have constantly sought to infiltrate state and misguided exploitative ruler (negative influence). In the meantime, the condition for the success of the discourse of Islamic Revolution is considered to be the intelligent management of its positive influence and the creation of an anti-influence fence against the negative influence of the enemies.

The Islamization of the humanism is one of the necessities of Islamic societies, and it also depends on the activity of zealous researchers, which the Qur'an refers to as the Greater Jihad. In this regard, research in “ Analyzing the role of the Greater Jihad in the generation of Islamic humanism” is of great importance. Now, it is necessary to turn the generation of Islamic humanism in the Islamic Republic of Iran into a discourse, but more or less its relationship with the Greater Jihad, which can be interpreted as one of the variables in the evolution of the humanism. Also, as there is ambiguity in the shrubs, the same ambiguity in interdependence can slow down the generative activities of Islamic humanism in scientific societies. Hence, this question arises: what is the role of the Greater Jihad in the generation of Islamic humanism? The probable answer is that zealous reasoning with the Qur'an and other religious sources and confronting the secular humanism will result in the generation of Islamic humanism at the level of the Islamic Revolution. This article has tried to analyze the role of Greater Jihad in the generation of Islamic humanities by analyzing the case of Greater Jihad and using library tools. And it has been concluded that by consolidating the scientific strength, sufficient knowledge of epistemic sources, relative thematics in the inferred sciences and the correct methodology in inferring from epistemological sources by researchers, the generation of Islamic humanism can be achieved.

In the last three decades, the level of civilization analysis has emerged in international relations and has given rise to new issues in this field of study. One of the emerging issues is re-reading the role of language civilization as an active variable in international relations. In this realm, the ability of language to act in empowerment, creating balance and competition, creating communication and cooperation, and convergence is considered. In the present study, answer will be given to this question that based on the lived experience of Muslims, language has played a role in the relations of civilization (Islamic world) and extra-civilization (Islamic world and other civilizations)? The hypothesis of the present study is that: The role of language in Islamic civilization has been to create a “ domain of civilization validity. ” This role has been achieved both within civilization and in relations with the external environment (especially in international relations in the last two centuries). The field of civilization validity of language functions in creating intersubjective understanding in Islamic civilization while linguistic pluralism, facilitating scientific communication within the Islamic Ummah, being at the center of confrontation and competition with Western civilization in the last century, is the most important evidence that will be review in this study. Reveiwing the elements of civilization and key variables in Islamic civilization-or in the lived experience of Muslims-allows us to gain a clearer understanding of the relationship between the elements and the process of production and reproduction of Islamic civilization. By explaining these relations, we can think about the rules of civilization or how to use the elements of civilization in the contemporary period

At present, there are two general views on the relationship between the political system of Shi’ ah Islam and Partisanship: The first view considers party as a necessity of the new era; so due to the lack of a specific text, it is impossible to extract its jurisprudential principles. Obviously, according to this view, the use of the party as a new phenomenon in the religious system is opposed, but according to the second view, it is possible to explain the jurisprudential principles of the party in the context of general texts and general rules. However, the objective and practical realization of this important issue also faces a serious obstacle, and that is the existence of a reality called “ negative function of parties, ” which makes the use of this new phenomenon in the religious system a religious prohibition. This is currently the most important challenge facing a religious democracy. The present article has tried to extract a solution to this challenge in a systematic theoretical framework and by analyzing the content of Ayatollah Khamenei's statements. Accordingly, and within the framework of Ayatollah Khamenei's political thought, “ localization” as an approach is a fundamental solution to the challenge of the negative functioning of parties in the religious system.

The interaction of the party system and the electoral system can be one of the strategic requirements in the realization of democracy. Despite the 100-year-old formation of parties in Iran, it still faces challenges and divergences in the face of the electoral system. (History) The investigation revealed that there was no research in this regard. (Background) Therefore, obtaining a strategic model of interaction between the party system and the electoral system needs to be examined. (Problem) Nevertheless, the main question is what is the strategic pattern of interaction between the party system and the electoral system in the Islamic Republic of Iran? (Question) This research is exploratory and there is no hypothesis in this regard. (Hypothesis) So the goal; Drawing a pattern of interaction between the party system and the electoral system in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (Objective) This research uses the data-driven method; and develops a strategic model for the interaction of parties and the electoral system in the Islamic Republic of Iran. (Method) After extracting the views of the interviewees and summarizing their opinions, an open code was extracted; and from their combination, the central code, and finally from the combination of the central codes, the selected codes were counted in a way that all the central codes are classified into 6 categories: causal, axial, contextual, interventional, strategic and consequential; and the relationships between the dimensions of the components and indicators of the strategic model of interaction between the party system and the electoral system in the Islamic Republic of Iran have been developed. (Finding).

The issue of the legitimacy of military intervention and the legitimacy of the inviting authority are among the most controversial issues in the contemporary world. These types of interventions have theoretical and practical examples in Islam and the West with differences that have not been studied. Thus, the legitimacy of military intervention and the legitimacy of the inviting authority are in a haze. Now the question is: What is the basis of the legitimacy of the intervention and the legitimacy of the inviting authority in Islam and the West? (Question). In the West, the issue of country and the legitimacy of the inviting authority are at stake in the call for intervention, but in Islam, the issue of the religion of the country being invited is the criterion (hypothesis). Therefore, in the leading article, the author uses an analytical and comparative method (method) to portray the legitimacy of military intervention with the legitimacy of the inviting authority (goal). Western member states of the Security Council have acted more tastefully and with different political goals, and Islamic countries have not considered the religion of the invited country (findings).

Peace and Justice are critical conceptions in the political thought of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Thinkers of Critical theory of International Relations, also, put much emphasis on the concepts. Meanwhile, some Neo-Gramscian thinkers such as Robert Cox enjoys a very remarkable status. Arguing that the US hegemony is based on three pillars of Power, Ideas and Institutions, Cox has seriously challenged the prevalent injustice in the current world order. That’ s why, he argues, the order is unstable. Analyzing the political thoughts of the Leaders of the Islamic Revolution demonstrates that they, also, believe that there is a strong and meaningful correlation between two concepts of Justice and Peace. They believe that any stable Peace would be possible only after establishment of a Just order in International arena. Based on the viewpoints of both schools of thought, Justice is a base and a prerequisite for any stable Peace. Though their conception of the Justice and its meaning differ greatly, but they share the idea that Justice is the benchmark and cornerstone for any peaceful order. Utilizing comparative methodology, the present paper outlines the perspective of both parties on concepts of Peace and Justice, then scrutinizes the similarities and differences in their views. Findings of the paper demonstrate that due to the comprehensive approach of Leaders of Islamic Revolution that encompasses material and ideational factors, it is capable of covering the flaws in the arguments of the Critical Theories of International Relations, which solely focus on material factors.