Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal
Year:2021 | Volume:1 | Issue:3 (3)|Papers Count:6

Domestic jobs as a job creation endeavor seek the economic and social empowerment of rural women and sustainable rural development. But in practice, creating and expanding domestic jobs face a variety of problems. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the barriers to develop women's domestic jobs in rural areas of Rezvanshahr. The present research is qualitative in terms of the general approach and practical in terms of purpose. A group of 30 rural women and 10 rural experts, researchers, and entrepreneurs were purposefully selected by the snowball method as the sample. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Validation of the findings was done by reviewing the findings by the participants and the triangulation technique. The results showed that individual-personality barriers, economic-financial barriers, cultural-social barriers, family barriers, and institutional-legal barriers are among the barriers to developing women's domestic jobs in rural areas of Rezvanshahr. Holding training courses, field visits to successful rural women, holding national and regional Holding the training courses, holding national and regional exhibitions, visiting the successful rural women, providing educational and consulting services, meeting financial needs, and forming cooperatives and associations of rural women for organizing domestic jobs are recommended.

The use of scientific methods to study and level the regions in terms of development in various economic, social, cultural, etc., has led to the recognition of inequality and a criterion for reducing and eliminating disparities among them. This article aims to investigate the status of socio-cultural, educational, economic, and health indicators in the cities of Guilan province separately and in combination as well. It was a descriptive-analytical research, and the data collection method is library studies. To rank the cities of Guilan province in terms of development of socio-cultural, educational, economic, and health indicators, the TOPSIS and Vikor leveling model and draw and prepare the maps the Geographic Information System (GIS) were used. Finally, an ANOVA test was used to analyze the variance between the two communities of Caspian coastal cities and other cities. The results showed that among the cities of Guilan province, Bandar Anzali is the most developed city and Talesh is at the lowest level of development in combined indicators. Also, Bandar Anzali is the most developed in the economic indicators, and Rudsar is the most underdeveloped one. Finally, regarding the health indicators, Lahijan is the most developed, and Rezvanshahr is the least developed city of Guilan province. Finally, the studies indicated the difference between coastal cities and other cities regarding development coefficient in the studied indicators.

The resistive economy, which was first proposed by the Supreme Leader in 2010, is an indigenous and endogenous economy that emphasizes the potential and actual capacities and capabilities of different geographical regions of the country. It would pave the way for the country's development and excellence in various dimensions. It has positive and constructive effects and consequences in different economic, socio-cultural, physical, and environmental dimensions and provides a suitable platform for self-reliance, self-sufficiency, and increasing the power of self-government of regions rural areas. In this regard, the aim was to investigate the effects of the resistive economy on developing the villages of Khaw and Mirabad district in Marivan County. The research was applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data collection method was library and field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population of this study was 13 villages in Marivan County. According to Cochran's formula, the sample was 352 households, and questionnaires were completed using the systematic sampling method. Some researchers confirmed the validity of the questionnaire items, and the reliability of the test was computed, and Cronbach's alpha was 0. 82%. To analyze data, the descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and path analysis) were used. The results obtained from the one-sample t-test showed that all economic indicators are in good condition. The one-sample t-test for indicators of the socio-cultural dimension of sustainable rural development showed that the index of decrease in migration and increase in life expectancy had the highest values and good condition. Also, the result for physical indicators of sustainable rural development indicated that the indicators of increasing facilities, improving the standard of infrastructure have the highest values and are in good condition. Also, the results for environmental indicators of sustainable rural development showed that increasing the visual landscape and beauty of the region, expanding the area under cultivation, cleanliness of the environment and ecological health, and increasing the level of gardens, respectively have higher t values with a critical value of 1. 96 and they are in a good position. Finally, the role of the resistive economy was evaluated using the path analysis test to investigate the impact of the resistive economy on the components of sustainable rural development in the Khaw Mirabad district of Marivan. The results showed that the economic path had received the most effect from the resistive economy.

To better exploit their residence, the villages in different regions have turned to design, construct, and use structures that have become part of the identification of rural settlements in that region for a long time and sometimes could not be found anywhere else. Familiarity with these structures and structural differences in the existing structures about the common goals could indicate the possibility of providing different solutions to a single problem that the villagers have thought of and experimentally completed. Although the social, economic, and especially the natural backgrounds would not be ignored. The aim was to review and introduce the rural structures and their functions in rural livelihoods. This article uses direct and indirect observation methods to describe and analyze the fact that the inhabitants of the coastal villages of Guilan have a unique culture in preparing numerous and different buildings and structures to provide life and turn the wheel of their lives. Which played an important role in the survival and continuity of rural life, and each has its economic function. The findings indicated that the coastal villagers of Guilan tried to provide the infrastructure of rural life, which is part of the public and social capital of the village, using basic, simple, and low-cost resources, and thus meet the material needs of their lives. These structures improve people's living conditions and quality of life and maintain agricultural products and livestock, poultry, and silkworms, protect farm products, and provide shelter for fishers during fishing days.

Today drought and dehydration have become one of the major problems of the country; therefore, as a solution, several dams have been established in different regions of Iran. Hydrological droughts are affected by climate change and human activities. There have been good studies about the effect of climate change on drought, but there have been a few studies on the impact of human activities on drought. Therefore, this research has tried to investigate the effect of the Karkheh dam on hydrological droughts. To achieve the research objective, the data were obtained from 14 hydrometric stations and 19 rain gauge stations with a statistical period of 30 years. First, hydrological drought was calculated using the SDI index and meteorological drought using the SPI index. Then, to answer the research question, the regression relations, the analysis of the boxplot in SPSS software, and descriptive statistics of droughts were analyzed by two statistical periods before and after the dam's construction. The results showed that, before the dam was constructed, the magnitude and continuity of hydrological droughts in the upper regions of the catchment area was higher, but with the construction of the dam, the magnitude and continuity of droughts in the bottom of the dam increased. These results indicated the negative effect of the dam on the Karkheh River. Therefore, the Karkheh dam not only can reduce the hydrological droughts of the area but it can increase them.

Employment sustainability arises when the rural activities are compatible with their environmental and cultural capabilities and provide income for rural communities. The aim was to investigate the sustainable employment indicators in the eastern part of Guilan province with a quantitative approach and descriptive-analytical method. The research population included rural areas of Eastern Guilan, which are located in 42 villages. The sample was 20% of these villages, equivalent to 210 villages, about five villages from each rural district (the villages with the highest performance in the agricultural production system). To evaluate the indicators of sustainable employment in each sample village, the opinions of 385 rural farmers completed the importance-performance questionnaire. Results showed that the situation in the region is not suitable for the job security indicators, economic conditions, production conditions, and agricultural products condition. However, regarding the environmental impact index and market status in the study area, it was found that these two indicators have relatively better conditions. There is potentially little adverse environmental impact of existing activities and access to the primary market for agricultural products in the region. Finally, the best way to improve the living conditions in the rural areas of Eastern Guilan was to offer skills training to the villagers in the form of training houses in rural centers.