Journal of Industrial Economic Research
Year:2020 | Volume:4 | Issue:11|Papers Count:6

comparative advantage in the petrochemical industry due to their rich resources of oil, gas and gas condensate (feed) as well as their access to open and international waters and their proximity to Asian and European markets. However, maintaining the share of these countries in the global market of petrochemical products and increasing it in today's highly competitive world, is not possible only by resorting to comparative advantage, and success in this field requires a competitive advantage. In this paper while using panel data and GMM approaches, the impact of globalization and development of entrepreneurial environment on the competitive advantage of the petrochemical industry in Iran, UAE, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Kuwait were investigated for the period 2014-2018. The results showed that the indicators of globalization, political globalization, economic globalization and entrepreneurship had a positive and significant effect on the competitive advantage of the petrochemical industry of selected countries. In addition, globalization strengthens the positive effect of the entrepreneurial environment on the competitive advantage of the petrochemical industry. However, the impact of social globalization on the competitive advantage of the petrochemical industry was not confirmed. The results also shown that infrastructure and macroeconomic environment stability had a positive and significant effect on the competitive advantage of the petrochemical industry.

Water shortage in Iran is one of the main restriction on development of economic activity in the coming decades. The main purpose of this study is to estimate water demand function in Iran’ s manufacturing industries using Translog cost function. Iran’ s manufacturing industries data from 2004 to 2014 is used for this purpose. The results show all the Allen partial elasticities are correctly negative as expected. In other words, the inverse relationship between price and demand quantities is approved. All price elasticities have negative sign as expected and also the water price elasticity is greater than the price elasticities of other inputs in absolute value which means the sensitivity of water demand to price changes is higher than other inputs. Energy, capital and labor ranke 2 nd rd , 3 and fourth in term of price elasticity. The absolute value of all input price elasticities are smaller than one and therefore the demand for all inputs is inelastic. The valueof all Morishima elasticities are positive which indicate that the inputs are sudstitution. Based on the research findings and especially considering that the price elasticity of water input is about one, it seems that pricing policies will not effectively reduce water demand in manufacturing sector.

The Fourth Plan for Economic and Social Development, as well as the Privatization Plan for Iran, emphasizes the promotion of relative efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of relative efficiency on the stock returns of private companies operating in the industrial sector. For this purpose, while using the quarterly data of 165 companies for the period of 1390-1381 (privatization program implementation period), the panel vector autoregressive method (Panel VAR) was used to evaluate the effect of relative efficiency on stock returns. In addition, the dynamics of the relationships between relative efficiency and stock returns were tested. By controlling other factors and variables affecting the rate of return, the result shows that efficiency has a significant explanatory power on the stock returns of industrial companies and is in line with theoretical foundations and empirical evidence.

The Size of The firm varies according to the technology levels and production efficiency of a firm depends on ideal situation of these two factors. In this regard, the level of technology used in the manufacturing process of a firm requires optimal size of firm in an industry. Thus, this research aims to shed light on the impact of technology on the distance of firm’ s production from its optimal size in the industry. Using R&D intensity index, manufacturing firms in Iran are classified into high, medium, and low levels in terms of technology. In addition, Kumanor-Wilson method is applied to determine the optimal size of manufacturing firms in terms of output value criterion. Using Panel data method related to 547 firms of manufacturing industries during 1995 to 2005, the results indicate that, on the one hand, the distance of firms’ production from output optimal size in industryyy has a significant relationship with technology level at the significance level of 5 percent. On the other hand, the findings show that as technology increases, the distance of firms’ production from its optimal level in industry is reduced and manufacturing firms work more efficiently. From policy point of view, this finding explains the importance of technology in approaching firms’ activity to its optimal size in industry which leads to the survival of firms and also prevention of its possible exit from the industry.

Iran`s economic regulatory law system over more than a decade of existence and role-playing in the form of iran’ s competition legal system has faced various challenges in the process of achieving predetermined goals, especially facilitating competition and prohibition of monopoly. In this legal system, the competition council and regulatory bodies have a very important role in achieving the goals envisaged by the legislator. In this regard, considering the observations and reviews and based on the findings of the researches in the present article, iran`s economic regulatory law system is currently suffered from various defects at different levels and dimensions, so that each of these has a significant direct or indirect impact on the operation of the legal system, as well as on the healthy competition status in the market. Institutional or structural, legislative or regulatory, functional or executive, environmental and external defects are the most important types of defects to this legal system, each of which has its own unique examples. Hence, in the current article, in order to prevent the occurrence of disorder statusof economic competition in iran, and also in view of the necessity of proper realizing of the provisions of chapter IX of the “ Implementation of General Principles of Article 44 of the Constitution Law” , in particular, the facilitating of competition, the prohibition of monopoly and increasing efficiency, the necessary solutions has been expressed for the improvement of the economic competition status and solving, fast and properly, the defects of iran`s economic regulatory law system.

purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the interdependence of investment opportunities with competing companies on the stock market value of unconstraint and financial constraint. The study population includes all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012-2016. The sample was selected using 113 companies. The financial constraints are seasonally adjusted to follow BekhradiNasab (2014) and BekhradiNasab (2020) based on five net leverage indicators, free cash flows, operating flows, size and age (SA), Dividend and an indicator A constraint score of five of the five preceding criteria was identified from the 6032 observations. The research methodology is based on panel data for testing the first and second hypotheses and the cross-sectional data for testing the third hypothesis. Research evidence suggests that competition in the product market has affected key corporate decisions, and the interdependence of investment opportunities with competing companies as a driving force among managers leads to To raise the value of cash holdings. But when the companies in the market face the threats and aggressive behaviors of competing companies, the value of cash holdings has declined, but among firms with financial constraints, the interdependence of the investment opportunities of the company with Competitive companies lead to devaluation of cash holdings.