Journal of Inflammatory Diseases
Year:2017 | Volume:20 | Issue:6 (89)|Papers Count:9

Background: Although most previous studies did not confirm the relationship between aortic valve calcification (AVC) and ischemic stroke, there are some case reports about the importance of AVC in occurrence of ischemic stroke.Objective: To investigate the relationship between aortic valve calcification and risk of ischemic stroke.Methods: This case-control study includes 600 patients (300 cases and 300 controls) admitted at Qazvin’s Bu-Ali Hospital from April 2014 to February 2015. Cases were selected from acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to the hospital Emergency Department and the control group consisted of non-stroke patients referred to cardiology clinic. Two groups were matched for sex, age and other vascular risk factors. All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography. AVC was scored according to scaling system proposed by previous studies. Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of all participants were also collected and the relationship between these parameters and echocardiographic findings were analysed using dependent t and chi-squared tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.Findings: Mean age of participants was 65.12±12.41 years (46.2% man). In 153 of stoke patients (51%), AVC was detected but only 35 participants (17.7%) of control group showed this abnormality (P<0.001). In case and control groups, aortic insufficiency was 54.3% (n=163) and 18.3% (n=55) respectively (P<0.001). Left ventricular hypertrophy was also more frequent in stroke patients (41.8% vs. 20.7%, P<0.001). Other cardiovascular risk factors were more in the patients of case group. However, the difference wasn’t statistically significant between two groups.Conclusion: According to this study, AVC and aortic insufficiency are related to ischemic stroke occurrence. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Background: Pregnancy is a specific condition that may affected the oral mucosa. The knowledge from intra & extra oral manifestation is necessary for medical doctor and dentists for diagnosis and treatment.Objective: The aim of this study was determination of intra & extra oral manifestations frequency of pregnant women in Rasht city.Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted on 300 pregnant women referring to Alzahra and Tamin Ejtemaei Hospital in Rasht city in 2013. A questionnaire was designed that included biographical characteristics, month of pregnancy, oral hygiene, frequency of dental visits, systemic diseases, nausea and vomiting and entered the data in questionnaire after patients’ examination. The data was analyzed by student's t-test, and chi-square test.Findings: The average of age of studied women was 26.6±4.5 year (16-43 years old) and the frequency of intra and extra oral manifestation was 80.3% and 7.3% respectively. Pregnancy gingivitis (59%), and halitosis (37.7%) were the most intra oral manifestation, and choloasma (6.7%) was the most extra oral manifestations. The most oral manifestations were seen in third trimester (8th and 9th month of pregnancy). The frequency of pregnancy tumor was 1%. Fifty-nine percent of women had gingival bleeding during tooth brushing. The correlation between nausea, vomiting and sialorhea was significant.Conclusion: As the relative high frequency of intra oral manifestations in pregnant women, it is necessary to alert the physicians to refer these people to dentists, and training pregnant women for oral hygiene, and preventing incidence of oral and dental diseases and pregnancy gingivitis.

Background: Upper limb musculoskeletal disorders are related with repetitive work activities including force, posture and duration of work.Objectives: The aims of this study were identification of prone occupations to upper limb musculoskeletal disorders, assessment of jobs in two companies of producing detergents and assembly by two methods of strain index (SI) and hand activity level (HAL).Methods: In this study descriptive-analytical and cross sectional that was done in 2015 in Qazvin, 50 subjects from practitioners of all of occupations were randomly selected (25 jobs) from two companies of producing detergents and assembly. Data were collected by body map and assessment methods of the strain index and HAL. Statistical analysis done by Spearman correlation coefficient and chi-square tests in SPSS 16 software.Findings: The most of the prevalence musculoskeletal disorders were reported in the elbow 16.66% and in the wrist and shoulder 23.08% in producing detergents and in assembly factories respectively. According to the investigation by two methods SI and HAL, seven jobs (58.3%) in producing detergents and three jobs (23.1%) in assembly factories were in situation of caution or hazard. The results of the assessment upper limb by two methods showed significant correlation together (r=0.615 in producing detergents and r=0.603 in assembly factories with P<0.001). Also, there was a significant relation between the prevalence of musculoskeletal in hand-fingers with strain index (c2=6.46, df=2, P=0.039).Conclusion: The results of this study shows that the methods of strain index and hand activity level have significant correlation in the assessment of repetitive jobs and risk of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders.

Background: Dental deterioration is one of the most frequent chronic diseases in children in all of the world.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess oral health status and related oral health behaviors and demographic aspects among children in Qazvin Province.Methods: In this cross-sectional study in 2013, 373 children, aged 5-6 and 12 years were participated by using a cluster sampling method in Qazvin Province. Data was collected with a questionnaire including demographic variables and oral health behaviors consisted of frequency of dental brushing and flossing, history of visiting dentist and using of food. Clinical oral examinations were performed by 6 trained dentists in children’s home. Oral health status was assessed by the DMFT/dmft index. Data was analyzed with SPSS 18, using t-test, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis (a=0.05).Findings: The mean of DMFT/dmft index in children aged 5-6 and 12 years were 5.66±4.63 and 3.53±4.22, respectively. The percentage of fluorosis was 86.3%. 94.6% and 96.2% of children has no tooth wear and dental trauma. Tooth brushing including no dental brushing 9.7%, twice or more times per day 14.2% and using dental floss was 10.5%. There were no significant relationships between DMFT/dmft index and gender, types of foods consumed and number of tooth brushing in each day, but there was a significant association between self-perceived oral health and DMFT index (P<0.05).Conclusion: Children and adolescents suffer from deteriorated oral health status therefore it is necessary to conduct oral health education in corporation with their families.

Background: Chemotherapy as one of the main methods of cancer treatment has many side effects that one of them is the impact of this treatment on the brain.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions in women diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy and healthy counterparts.Methods: In this case-control study, women with breast cancer (n=40) undergoing chemotherapy along with healthy women (n=40) with no history of chronic diseases using available sampling method and were selected from Tehran Shohada Tajrish Hospital (2015-2016). Data was collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire, anxiety and depression test, continuous performance test, and Wisconsin card category collected and was analyzed by the independent t test.Findings: In the continuous performance test, omission and commission errors, with weaknesses in speed tests in patients with breast cancer were higher than those in the control group and this difference was statistically significant. There was a significant difference between the two groups in which reflects the low number of correct answers and cluster with higher preservation in breast cancer patients compared to healthy counterparts.Conclusion: According to the results, deficits in executive functions caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients that require therapeutic measures in this field.

Background: Life skills include the abilities resulting in improvement of the mental health of community members, the richness of human relations and increase of health related behaviors in the community. If these ability have the Quranic approach could increase the adaptation level and positive and effective behaviors resulting in improvement of happiness and success in life.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an intervention, called "Life skills training with Quranic Approach", on the quality of life (emotional reaction, social functioning, vitality and energy), mental and physical health of women.Methods: The study was quasi-experimental, with a pretest-posttest design and included a case- control groups between 80 basij women aged 20-40 in the year 2015 that were applicants for the workshops, 30 women were selected and randomly assigned to two group. The experimental group attended 12, 90-minute sessions of the life skills training with Quranic approach workshop as the intervention. A 12-question quality-of-life questionnaire and Oxford happiness questionnaire were used to assess the dependent variables. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics dependent, independent t-test, and analysis of Covariance. P<0.05 was considered significant.Findings: Analysis of Covariance demonstrated an increase in some subscales of life quality dependent variables, including emotional reaction, joy and vital energy and mental health; but, there was no significant difference in the subscales of physical health and social functioning between two groups.Conclusion: In general, the results affirm the effectiveness of the intervention on dependent variables. Life skills training with Quranic approach were effective in increasing emotional reaction and quality of life in studied subjects. Women are as an important pillar of the family, and this effect will be play important role in creating healthy society.

The mammalian neurotrophin family proteins, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) are known as neuronal survival factors. NGF, one of the most important cytokines, is composed of 118 amino acids. NGF is involved in the growth and differentiation of neural cells of the vertebrate peripheral sympathetic nerve as well as basal forebrain cholinergic neurons which degenerate in Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, it is implicated in the regulation of synaptic transmission and synaptogenesis in the central nervous system. NGF is produced by a variety of immune cells, including B cells, T cells, monocytes and mast cells as well as nervous system and binds through two distinct receptors, TrkA and p75NTR which signaling through them leads to the neuronal differentiation and cell death respectively. Considering the importance of this protein as a drug, NGF has been proposed for the treatment of neuron degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis.To produce enough protein for research and clinical applications, genetic engineering techniques are used to produce recombinant forms. To date, there are no reports about the systems for production of the recombinant human NGF in an effective, low cost, with industrial production. Plants as a safe host generally offer major advantages such as free of animal pathogens, low costs, the ability to produce a protein similar to natural protein, and industrial production in large scale. Then they are suitable for the production of recombinant human NGF.

Since dental students are exposed to pathogenic viruses such as HIV, HBV and HCV, it is necessary to provide them with adequate knowledge and appropriate attitude towards the treatments of such patients. This cross-sectional study was done in 2014-2015 academic year to evaluate knowledge and attitude of 94 dental students of fourth to sixth year about treatment of patients with HIV, HBV and HCV infections. To collect data, a self-made questionnaire was used. Results showed that 60 students (63.8%) had a good knowledge level and 73 students (77.7%) had a moderate attitude. Statistical tests including T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Tukey indicated that the students of fifth and sixth year had significantly higher knowledge and better attitude than fourth year students (P=0.000, P=0.015 respectively). This study indicated that increasing the students' knowledge about treatment of patients with HIV, HBV and HCV infections is not enough to provide a positive attitude, so instructional methods more focused on attitude are required.

The present research is a descriptive and cross sectional with the aim of analyzing the factors affect the employment matching the field of study for nursing graduates studying in Qazvin medical science university in 2013. Data were collected on 406 students of B.S. who were graduated from the School of Nursing and Midwifery during 2007-2011. The information was gathered through a questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed and it was done by telephone call with recording conversations, visiting and e-mail. Data were described as the frequency of distribution, number and percent. The results showed that, the most of graduates worked as a nurse and lake of employment is related to personal reasons. The work load and low income were the main of these reasons. Thus, according to the importance of this job for the society, focusing on increasing the income and creating facilitation regarding the situation and difficulties can provide a situation that every nursing graduate start to work as a nurse.