JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN MEDICAL SCHOOL (I.U.M.S)
Year:2017 | Volume:34 | Issue:406|Papers Count:5

Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is an exopeptidase, which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II results in vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion. Previous studies have indicated that the presence of DD polymorphism in ACE gene is associated with the upregulation in the activity of ACE and incidence of arteriovascular diseases. Based on the previous studies, during 1980-2006 in the United States, among 1866 athletes who died suddenly, 56% were predominantly due to cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the aim of the present study was assessment of the frequency rate of I/D polymorphism in Iranian professional and amateur Karateka and non-athlete individuals as a prognostic factor in prevention of such diseases.Methods: In this survey, 258 athletes including 129 professional Karateka (65 men and 64 women) and 129 amateur Karateka (75 men and 54 women) and 129 non-athlete individuals (71 men and 58 women) took part voluntarily. Blood samples were taken and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) performed on the isolated genomes. Statistical analyses carried out using SPSS software and those data with P<0.050 were considered to be significant.Findings: Genotyping analyses indicated that allele frequency for DD was 45.5%, ID was 40.8% and II was 13.7% in our studied population (P>0.050). In professional Karateka, significant increase in DD frequency was observed (63.0%) compared to non-athletes (41.0%) (P=0.004) and amateur Karateka (14.7%) (P=0.011).Conclusion: The greater value for allele frequency of DD polymorphism in professional Karateka suggests the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in this group. This implies the necessity of medical health care for professional athletes.

Background: Otolaryngologists are susceptible to various musculoskeletal disorders in the absence of proper position, because of working in various positions in offices and hospitals. The present study aimed to assess the risk of their positions whilst either standing or sitting during routine examinations, estimating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, and determining the relationship between these disorders and their postures among otolaryngologists in Isfahan City, Iran.Methods: In this study, photos were taken of the postures of 39 otolaryngologists in Isfahan City, during patient examination and were analyzed using Quick Exposure Check (QEC) and Load on Upper Body Assessment (LUBA) tools. Based on the risk of their postures, they were categorized into three groups of low-, medium-, and high-risk. They also completed Nordic questionnaire for the assessment of prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.Findings: Based on the LUBA tool, otolaryngologists encountered medium risk while examining patients' throats, and high risk during examination of ears and nasal; this risk was shown low when using QEC tool. Data resulted from Nordic questionnaire revealed that 31 people (79.4%) dealt with at least one musculoskeletal problem which was a remarkable number. On the basis of data analysis, the relation between LUBA posture scores and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was not statistically significant.Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was remarkably high in some body regions, which might be due to unacceptable posture whilst sitting or standing during common examinations. This can be prevented by educating practitioners about the suitable postures.

Background: There is growing use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as an alternative for endotracheal intubation, in maintaining airway in patients undergoing general anesthesia. However, there are not sufficient studies to compare advantages and side effects between laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal intubation in neonates.Methods: A total of 88 neonates undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy were allocated to two groups of 44. In one group, the airway was maintained through laryngeal mask airway, and through endotracheal intubation in the other. Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and recovery time were recorded and compared between the two groups. Respiratory complications including decreased O2 saturation, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, tube displacement and removal were recorded and compared, too.Findings: Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly different between the two groups.SpO2 was significantly lower and ETCO2 was significantly higher in laryngeal mask airway group (P<0.05).Recovery time and respiratory complications were significantly higher in laryngeal mask airway group, too (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our findings support the use of endotracheal intubation versus laryngeal mask airway in neonates.

Background: Chronic hepatitis is a common disease in the community. Differential diagnosis of hepatitis is very important in the treatment of this disease; as applying the wrong treatment method can lead to reinforcement and aggravate. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of histopathologic criteria for distinguishing between and for accurate differentiation of chronic viral hepatitis from autoimmune hepatitis.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 45 patients with autoimmune hepatitis, 34 patients with hepatitis B and 33 patients with hepatitis C were investigated for presence of histopathological criteria. The data were analyzed using chi-square and diagnostic tests.Findings: Among the 12 indicators, 5 criteria including interface hepatitis, lymphoid follicle in port area, emperipolesis, hepatic rosette and ground glass hepatocyte had the ability to differentiate types of hepatitis. The predictive percent of above parameters for autoimmune hepatitis was 80%, for hepatitis B was 76.5% and for hepatitis C was 69.7%.Conclusion: Based on the results, histopathological parameters can differentiate between types of chronic hepatitis in patients at an acceptable level which among them, interface hepatitis is used to differentiate autoimmune hepatitis and chronic hepatitis C from chronic hepatitis B; lymphoid follicle in port area is used to differentiate chronic hepatitis C, emperipolesis and hepatic rosette to differentiate autoimmune hepatitis and ground glass hepatocyte to differentiate chronic hepatitis B from the other two types.

Background: The use of medicinal smokes in treatment of many diseases, including infectious microbial diseases, has long been popular in Iran. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of smoke of Anbar Nasara (donkey dung) extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with common antibiotics.Methods: In this experimental study, donkey dung smoke as medicine and antibiotics as a control group were considered. Standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were cultured in suitable mediums.Anbar Nasara extract was prepared without use of solvent, in order to prevent the antibacterial effect of solvent on microbes. Dilution and disk diffusion test was performed 3 times for each of the bacteria.Findings: The mean of inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus by Anbar Nasara smoke was significantly greater than the inhibition zone induced by vancomycin; but there was no significant difference between the inhibition zone of Bacillus subtilis induced by Anbar Nasara smoke and ciprofloxacin. Least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test showed that the inhibition diameter of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher than the Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis induced higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values than Staphylococcus aureus; but, Bacillus subtilis induced higher minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values than Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion: The smoke of Anbar Nasara extract has a significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus growth; so it can be offered as a medicine.