Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:59 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Infertility is a disease. Estrogen is a hormone that plays an important role in the fertility. Estrogen receptor beta gene codes ESR2. expected that some genetic variations in estrogen receptor Infertility can be caused. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between ESR-b gene polymorphism and infertility in Iranian women.Methods: In this study blood samples were collected from 50 infertile women and 80 healthy women and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR-RFLP method with RSa1 was used to identify in ESR-b gene. In addition, Allelic compounds and allele frequency in the population were determined, and the relationship between the polymorphisms and infertility in the population were examined using the chi-square test.Results: The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference in the frequency of alleles A and G (P=0.5) between infertile and healthy women. Infertile patients with genotypes of AA and GG (P=0.8) did not show any significant association with infertility. However, the patients with AG genotype (P=0.001) demonstrated a strong association with the risk of infertility.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that ESR-b gene polymorphism are more likely realeted to women with AG genotype as well as with infertility.

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most leading cause of end stage renal disease.Clinically, DN is classified into 2 stages: microalbuminuria (MA) and macroalbuminuria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of DN among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in mashhad.Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluating 1980, T2DM patients as performed. For all patients a questionnaire, including age, sex, weight, and duration of diabetes were filled. Laboratory tests, including blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, uric acid and glycosylated hemoglobin and a random urine albumin-to-creatinine levels were obtained and if albuminuria was positive the test was repeated. Body mass index and blood pressure was measured. The presence or absence of retinopathy in patients were based on an eye examination by an ophthalmologist. The presence or absence of known cardiovascular involvement was based on electrocardiogram and exercise test if necessary.Results: Of 1980 patients, 43.5% were male and 56.5% female.82.3% had normoalbuminuria, 17% microalbuminuria and 0.7% macroalbuminuria. A significant non dependent association was found between age, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin and renal involvement at different stages. In addition, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was significantly higher in the group with diabetic nephropathy.Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was 17.7%. In our study risk factors for diabetic nephropathy were age, duration of diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetic retinopathy.

Introduction: Burn injuries are one of the health problems in developing countries. Despite of all the achieved advances in control and treatment of burn wounds, infection is the main cause of mortality among burn patients. This study aimed to determine risk factors for nosocomial infection in burn patients.Methods: This case - control study conducted in burn unit in Tohid hospital, Sanandaj, Kurdistan Iran at 2012. Cases were hospitalized infected burn patients and controls were hospitalized non-infected patients. Information was derived from the patients' medical charts, then data were registered in checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi square and Fisher exact test and logistic regression were used.Results: Of 155 patients with burns, 62 patients (40%) were male and 93 (60%) female. Mean age±SD were 25.9±17 years. Age group under 20 years old had the highest frequency (43.9%). A total of 38 patients (24.6 %) had nosocomial infections. Culture-positive bacteria in various samples, including wounds, 26 (16.8%), urine samples 10 (5.6%) and blood samples, 2 (1.3%). Mean ± SD of burn percent was 35.5±27.7%. Boiling water is the most common cause of burn. The most common organisms causing infections, were Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Burn area, burn percent, duration of hospitalization and underling diseases had association with acquisition of the infection. In logistic regression, burn percent and duration of hospitalization and age group were associated with infection.Conclusion: Burn area and burn percent and the hospital stay was associated with infection and considering these factors in the treatment of burn patients is recommended.

Introduction: One of the most important factors in maintaining and improving children's health is the quality of diet. Given the importance of this issue and that so far the quality of children's diets has not been studied in Mashhad, this study was conducted to assess the quality of children's diets in Mashhad using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI).Methods: The diet of 723 children of 3 to 6 years old was collected by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). FFQ information was evaluated with Nutritionist 4 software and the quality of children's diets was analyzed by HEI. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis, to examine the normality of data, and for comparison between parts of HEI on three levels, respectively, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Chi-square test were used.Results: Overall 90.6% of children did not have good quality of diet. However, 75.5% percent of children were receiving recommended amounts of bread and cereals. This diat for food groups of dairy, vegetables, fruits, and meat, was respectively, 73.6, 72.9, 73.7 and 87.6 percent, and 88.3 percent of children were consuming too much fat. This diet was, respectively, 69.9 and 71.8 percent for saturated fat and cholesterol. Only 19.4% of children had good food variety.Conclusion: Most children's diet quality was less than desirable. Low quality diet of children in the population studied was due to the high consumption of fat, saturated fat and cholesterol, and low variability of diet. Thus, probably, by focusing on these issues, one can improve the quality of children's diets.

Introduction: The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of twelve weeks aerobic exercise with moderate intensity on BDNF, and TNF-a in 50-65 years old women with metabolic syndrome.Methods: A total of 24 women with metabolic syndrome (Mets) took part voluntarily and divided in to two groups Mets exercise (ME), Mets control (MC). ME group participated in an aerobic exercise training (AT) program (12 weeks) three session per week each session containing tree performing parts and two rest parts. Also, blood samples were conducted before and after training for evaluating level of BDNF, and TNF-a. Data were analyzed using Pearson coefficient, paired-samples T-Test, and independent samples T-Test.Results: BDNF after three months significantly was increased, TNF-a after three month exercise was significantly decreased (P£0.05). Also there was not significantly different in BDNF and TNF-a Pre and post test on control group (P³0.05).Conclusion: These findings indicated that twelve week aerobic exercise with moderate intensity ameliorate metabolic risk factors that’s the reason of decreasing pre inflammatory factor, and increasing BDNFs level.

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with higher rates of fetal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Screening of GDM using traditional plasma analysis on venous plasma glucose is very expensive and time consuming. The aim of the present study was to compare laboratory venous blood glucose measurement and capillary blood glucose measurement by glucometer in the screening of gestational diabetes.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 256 pregnant women were screened for GDM, by glucometer on capillary blood samples and simultaneously, by laboratory plasma analysis method on venous blood samples, obtained after one-hour 50-g Glucose Challenge test. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19 software.Results: Capillary glucose levels were significantly higher than venous plasma glucose levels. There was a significant correlation between venous and capillary glucose levels. A lower threshold of 157mg/dl (area under the ROC curve=.922) with a 88.5% sensitivity and 87% specificity and an upper threshold of 211 mg/dl (area under the ROC curve=.982) with a 91.7% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity, was determined to diagnose GDM in 24-28 weeks pregnant women, using Reservoir Operating Curve. Using kappa agreement coefficient, a 64% agreement was shown between to two tests, in 24-28 weeks pregnant women, which is of great significance.Conclusion: GDM screening by glucometer on capillary blood samples, is a highly sensitive and specific test to diagnose GDM and significantly reduces the number of further tests needed for the diagnosis of GDM and is cost saving as well.

Introduction: Traffic accidents are responsible for 2.1% of the all-causes mortality and 23% of injury related deaths in the world. Iran has been recognized as one of the countries with highest cases of traffic accidents and mortality related to it. Considering the fact that mortality following traffic accidents is high in khorasan Razavi province, we investigated the epidemiology of these accidents in this province.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all the information of deaths caused by traffic accidents in khorasan Razavi province in the 2012 that were reported by the Legal Medicine Organization were used. At first the all of received data were controlled, and then were analyzed using the statistical software Stata 11 epidemiological variables. The relationship between some of the variables affecting the accident was evaluated by statistical tests.Results: During the 2012, 1330 cases of deaths following traffic accidents were reported in khorasan Razavi Province. Crude mortality rate and age adjusted mortality rates was 22.20 and 23.6 per 100, 000 respectively. Overall 1020 (76%) of these cases were male. The highest number of deaths, 460 (44.31%) occurred in the age group of 15-35 years old. The cause of death in 55.94% of cases was head injury. The highest percentage of deaths occurred in Shahrivar and Tir.Conclusion: According to the results of this study fatal accidents were more in males, ages 15-35 years, low education, in summer and suburban streets, and it was recommended that in upcoming planning in order to reduce mortality arising from road accidents, these issues be considered further.

Introduction: Oligohydramnios can cause several fetal complications while intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) also is considered as one of the most important causes of oligohydramnios. This study aimed to compare pregnancy outcome in isolated oligohydramnios and oligohydramnios with IUGR.Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 60 18 to 35-year old women whose sonography test results reported an amount less than 5 during the measurement of amniotic fluid index. Cases with normal umbilical arterial Doppler were classified as isolated oligohydramnios group and those with abnormal Doppler sonography were placed into intrauterine growth restriction group. They were followed after delivery and all their pregnancy outcomes were recorded.Results: The average age of studied women and gender of children were not significantly different in each group. Intrauterine death was not observed but 4 cases of neonatal deaths occurred that were not significantly different in each group (P=0.61). No significant difference was observed between mothers with isolated oligohydramnios and cases reporting oligohydramnios together with IUGR in terms of maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy; but chance of admission of neonates with IUGR into NICU was more than twice of cases with isolated oligohydramnios which was not statistically different (P=0.08, OR=2.89).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that worse pregnancy outcome was not much different between cases with isolated oligohydramnios and oligohydramnios with IUGR.

Introduction: According to the available data, vitamin D deficency is prevalent in iran and consumption of this agent, both oral and intravenous is increasing remarkably. It seems that the prevalence of vitamin D toxicity is very low and is a rare cause of hypercalcemia.Although most prescriptions are prescribed by physitions but over the counter use without medical cosult or evaluation may result in vitamin D intoxication, which nowadays occure more in clinical practice.Case Presentation: In this paper, a 23-year-old Man who was athlete and referred to the hospital with loss of appetite, nausea, frequent vomiting and vitamin D intoxication due to self-medication, is introduced. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids, diuretic and calcitonin and was discharged with improvement of symptoms and laboratory results.Conclusion: The aim of this report, was to nottice about potentially adverse outcomes of excessive vitamin D consumption, having no clinical supervision.