Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine
Year:2001 | Volume:7 | Issue:23|Papers Count:13

Malignant hyperthermia is a rare, fatal condition, resulting from administration of some of anaesthetic drugs such as Volatile halogenated agents and succinylcholing.It is a hereditary, autosomal dominant disease which occurs most commonly in children. The most common signs and symptoms are increase in end tidal CO2, tachycardia, tachypnea, muscle rigidity, respiratory and metablic acidosis and hyperpyrexia. Early diagnosis and swift treatment are keys to survival. The main drug used is Dantrolene. Other measures consist of hyperventilation with 100% oxygen, correcting acidosis, cooling patient, monitoring temperature and maintaining water and electrolyte balance. The safe anaesthetic agents which can be used in susceptible patients include propofol and thiopentone, all analgesic drugs, non-depolarizing muscle relaxants and neostigmine. Follow-up of patients and investigation of near relatives are importnat steps in preventing further episodes.

Objects: determining type end severity of eye injury in these cases. Method: All patient reffering from LMO to Imam Hossein Hospital since 1378 mehr to 1379 Khordad were studied. Results: 80% of cases were male (80 male). Their age range was 3-67 years and mostly in 21-30 years. The most common injury was periorbital Ecchymosis (in 60% of cases). 75% of cases had injury after struggling and in 18% of cases road traffic accident was happened.

The left renal vein usually forms in front of aorta by anastomosis between left and right subcardinal veins. In the embryonic period connection between supracardinal and iliac veins with subcardinal transiently form collar vein around abdominal aorta. Usually posterior branches of this collar vein disappear. But, sometimes it is permanent and anteior branches of the collar is absorbed. In this condition left renal vein will appeared posterior to the aorta. In present study we are dissected 45 cadavers in the Tehran Medical Sciences Univ, Ardabil Azad univ, Sanandaje medical univ, Semnan medical Univ. The left renal vein was passed behind the abdominal aorta only case and enter to IVC at the level of L3. This varioation in addition to pressure on left renal vein can effect on drainage of left testicular vein that is surgically important.

The most common cause of death during the first years of life is injuries, mostly after accidents. The child cannot defend himself from accident, because of small body size and lack of physical and neurologic maturity. So we should protect them. In this study, the cause of death in accidents were analyzed to better ways of accident prevention were identified. During the study period, among 1439 dead children (884 boys and 555 girls) reffered to LMO, 1072 cases had a kind of accident. These accidents including road traffic Accidents (in 53.87% of cases), burns (in 24.29% of cases), electrical injuries (3.91%), drowning (4.19%), fall from height (3.77%), poisoning (2.37%), foreign body inhalation (3%), knife injuries (2.46%), fire arm injuries (0.18%) and hanging (0.45%).

Electrocution is an important Issue in forensic and occupational medicine. In Addition to clectrical injuries, determining the manner of death and reasons of accident are very important. So during a 18 months period, all of such cases that referred to LMO for determining cause of death were studied. The results showed that the most common age range is 10-30 years old and the most common cause of Accident is occupational one.Ventricular fibrillation was the most prevalent cause of death the most dangerous situation was passing electrical current from right hand to legs.

During first symposium on the crime scene investigation, a sutdy was done To evaluate knowledge of participants about member responsibilities, their education and team working Participants including legal Authorities, forensic physicians, policemen and firemen. These individuals had some different opinion about responsibilities of the judge in scene, security of scene and scene re investigation.

Object: Because of the reports about false positive and false Negative results by using of morphine-check testing in detecting of opiods in urine, and adverse clinical, forensic and soual consequenses of false results, we decided to study sensitivity. Specificity predictive values and Efficiency of morphine-check testing by using of Naloxone challenge test.Materials and Methods: the sample volume was 200 person who were referred to screen for opioid abuse, selected randomizedly.After informed constant we examined their urine samples by using of Morphine-check and then injected 0.6 mg naloxone I.V in two stage and observed for with drawal signs and symptoms the results of Morphine - check testing were interpreted false or true based on the results of Naloxone challenge test.Results: false results: 9% Sensitivity: 84.17% Specifity: 95.76%, PV+: 93.24%,PV-: 89.68% and Efficiency: 91%Conclusion: We suggest use of Naloxone challenge test instead of Laboratory screening tests which have high false results and high cost.

Lead have toxic effect on Neurologic and Hematopoeitic system, bone and kidney and cause specific Pathobiologic changes. In human kidney, lead can cause atrophy, local fibrosis and disappearance of tubal striation.In this study 0.6 gram soluble lead given to experimental group of rats orally. Control group were given only water. Infants of these rats were dissected one day after delivery and studied histopathologically by light microscopy and morphometric methodes.The results showed that lead cause increase in body weight, increase in cortex and medulla thickness, increase in glomeral diameter and decrease in bowman space. Necrosis, mild inflammatory infiltration in interstitial tissue, tubal atrophy and increase of mesagial cellularity were seen too. Increase of body weight in toxicated rats may be related to these tissue changes. Lead can pass placenta and cause these effects.

A case of intracranial retained surgical gauze (Gossypiboma) is presented who underwent craniotomy 4 years back and developed delayed incisional discharges.History and clinical findings arise suspicion, and presences of the radio-opaque Thread of gauze on plain skull X-ray confirms the diagnosis, however, in the absence of such a finding, brain CT scanning and MRI showing a whorl-like appearance and septa-signal respectively, would be necessary for early and correct diagnosis to initiate appropriate treatment.