Social Welfare
Year:2013 | Volume:13 | Issue:48|Papers Count:22

Introduction: The role of a healthy society related indicators as influential indicators on children's wellbeing to have a friendly society and a better future is not deniable. The goal of this study is to determine the relation between social health and child wellbeing and to understand the impact of social health on children's wellbeing.Method: One of the specific kinds of correlation study is ecologic or aggregate study in which research the unit is a group not individual and we used this kind of study. Social health indicators and children's wellbeing data collected from formal institution. In order to, perform the date analysis the SPSS 16 was used.Findings: The result has shown that there are significant relationships between children's wellbeing and poverty, population growth rate, literacy rate and insurance coverage as social health indicators and there are positive correlation between child wellbeing and literacy rate and insurance coverage. Altogether the correlation between social health and children's wellbeing in Iran is significant (r= 0.49. p value= 0.001).Discussion: there is a Positive correlation between children's wellbeing and literacy rate, insurance coverage, the attainability to health services and educational facilities in rich society are high and so the wellbeing is in a better degree. Thus, attention to the social health indicators and regarding them in child and family policies lead to the promotion of children's wellbeing in our country.

Introduction: Health is a foundation of community economic - social growth, It is the universal right. Health programs for creating high quality living with physical and mental health for all citizens is a principle of development plan in any society. Enjoyment of health services for promotion and improvement of health is one of the most important elements of any society. Therefore, health assessment is essential for the healthy appropriate planning.Method: the research purpose is to examine the relationship health level with the level of health services in townships of Khorasan Razavi province. In other words, The main issue of the research is whether increasing or decreasing of health level (including level of physical health and personal health) can consider as the level of health services (including the three variables of reproductive health, immunization and access to medical services?)In order to, achieving the objective, the following main hypotheses and five sub hypotheses between exogenous latent variables and endogenous latent variable are tested:-The main hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between health services (reproductive health, health services and immunization) (exogenous latent variables) and level of health (physical health and personal health) (endogenous latent variable).- Sub hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between access to health services and level of physical health.- Sub hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between access to health services and level of personal health.- Sub hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between immunization and level of physical health.- Sub hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between immunization and level of personal health.- Sub hypothesis: there is a positive correlation between reproductive health and level of personal health.The Research methodology is Descriptive, analysis and correlation based on statistical data. For explaining the relationship between Causal variables of model, the raw data from General Population and Housing Census, Statistical Yearbook and Health and Medical Sciences Organization of province were used. This data was gathered in townships of Khorasan Razavi province. To examine the hypothesis or modeling relationship between health services and health level is used structural equation model-LISREL.Findings: Results show that relationship between reproductive health, health services and immunization facilities in the townships and the level of health and safety of the townships in alpha level 0.05 is significant (Sig= 0.00), This means that the health promotion related to promotion of health and medical services, and the townships with more health and medical services have high health level than others. And the townships with less health and medical services have less health level.Discussion: Therefore, the financing and health services for citizens, improvement of infrastructure and resources types is important for health promotion.

Introduction: Community participation as an effective strategy in health promotion interventions Depends on different factors. Determination and management of these factors could facilitate achievement of community participation in communities. Aim of this study was to determine related factors in community participation for health promotion based on local residents’ points of view, in the second region of Tehran municipal.Method: This study was conducted by descriptive analytic approach. 250 residents of the second municipal of Tehran were participated in the study through multi stage randomized sampling. Inclusion criteria include having 18 years of age and more, regional residency and willingness to participation in the study. Data regarding related factors of community participation in health promotion were gathered by 5 trained interviewers based on researcher constructed questionnaire through 12 days. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire evaluated through pilot study. Data was analyzed by T-test, X2 and ANOVA tests.Finding: There was a significant relationship between level of education, free time per day ,level of community participation and history of community participation activities and overall appraise on related factors of community participation (P£0.03). Almost half of participants of the study (n=105, 42%) participated in community health promotion interventions. There was significant relationship between community participation and level of education, marriage status, level of community participation and history of community participation activities and having free time per day (P£0.03).Discussion: Improvement of public awareness and managing contextual factors of community participation facilitate community participation in health promotion interventions through reduction of governmental centralism and motivating and mobilizing of community members.

Introduction: Out of home adolescents are at risk of sexual risk behaviors and loss relevant sexuality education opportunities because of separation and stressful events. It is important that before finding any solutions, their sexual health condition to be surveyed.Method: Present study has performed by rapid assessment based on qualitative research method. In some cases, we have used quantitative data. Statistic sample was adolescents in residential care homes (15-18 years) and key informants in residential care in Tehran.Findings: Adolescents sexual health challenges are serious. Some threats of adolescents’ sexual health consist involvement in premature and high risk sexual experiences, bullying, peer sexual harassment and sexual negative attitudes. The findings of current research indicated that the adolescents had serious limitations to access sexual relevant resources and information, so that friends and pornography films were most important resources to access sexual information.Discussion: adolescents in residential care homes have more needs for receiving sexuality education services. They have misconception in the field of sexual subjects. Even in best condition, it is difficult to discuss with adolescents about sexuality themes. Therefore it is necessary for process facilitating and adolescents’ sexual health improvement that formulates definite, explicit and applied sexuality education.

Introduction: due to the fact that the negative effects of burnout on human resources, paying attention to this phenomena is increasing among managers. Meta-analysis, with integrating the result of different studies, determines the effect size of relationship between burnout and mental health.Method: In this study, by using meta-analysis method, the effects of relationship between burnout and burnout’s dimensions (Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization, Reduced personal accomplishment) was studied. So among 16studies, 10 studies which methodologically accepted were selected and meta-analysis was done on it. The research tool was meta-analysis checklist.Finding: Burnout has high relation with mental health(R=-0.514). Emotional exhaustion relation with mental health is higher than average(R=-0.445). Depersonalization relation with mental health is average(R=-0.344). And reduced personal accomplishment relation with mental health is lower than average(R=-0.275).Discussion: Integrating result shows that burnout has high relation with mental health.

Introduction: The objectives of millennium development goals basically are about health topics, nondiscrimination and equality, especially gender equality. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dimensions of gender inequalities perception and mental health among employed women.Method: In this study a non-experimental, co-relational research design was used to determine the relation between variables. The population of the study was employed women in Social Security Organization in Hamedan. 202 women were selected by stratified sampling method.The perception of gender inequality was measured by questionnaire and the validated Iranian version of the GHQ is used for measuring of mental health. For analyzing data Pearson's correlation was used.Findings: Results showed 44.6% of women had the lowest mental disorders and 45.1% of population expressed their sense of gender inequality high and very high levels.Discussion: There was a positive significant relationship between gender inequalities perception, it's dimensions, and mental health as the less felt of the gender inequality had better individual’s mental health.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of components of social capital on the mental health of slum dwellers living in the slums of Arzanan and Zeinabieh. Coleman's and Putnam's point of views were used as the theoretical base and W.H.O. 28-item General Health Questionnaire was used to measure mental health.Methods: This study is a survey research and the technique of data collection has been questionnaire. The research population consisted of all the residents of Arzanan and Zeinabieh regions of Isfahan who were 16 years old and above, whom 357 individuals, were selected via a cluster sampling technique. The independent variables consisted of trust, participation in local activities and organizations, social solidarity, and informal norms. The dependent variable has been mental health.Findings: The findings have shown the mean of trust has been 2.62 and participation is 2.63, which were below the theoretical average of 3. The mean for solidarity was 3.21 and for informal norms was 3.06, which were above the theoretical average of 3. The mean for mental health was also 3.06.Discussion: The results indicated that trust (r=0.115), social solidarity (r=0.187), and informal norms (r=0.289) were significantly related to mental health. There was no such relation between participation or age and mental health. Regression analysis showed that social capital could explain about 13.5 percent of the variance of mental health.

Introduction: Psychosocial status such as psychosocial stressors and social support can affect health. Furthermore mental pathology diagnosed during pregnancy can affect pregnancy outcomes. However, little information is available, so this study was done to investigate Association maternal stress and social support with preeclampsia.Method: This case-control study includes 110 multipara pregnant women, 55 as case group (preeclampsia) and 55 as control group (normal pregnancy), who had inclusion criteria. All participants were selected through based on target sampling method. Perceived Stress Scale and Vaux social support appraisals was used as data gathering tools.Finding: The results of this study showed that there is a significant differences between two groups in terms of perceived stress (p=0.02) and social support, and the total score of social support (p=0.006), family (0.04), acquaintances (0.006) and friend (0.04) social support subscale and preeclampsia. Among cofounders, numbers of prenatal cares and history of preeclampsia was controlled by entering in logistic regression. The combined effect showed that just social support was effective at incidence of preeclampsia (P-value 0.02; OR 0.86; CI 95%: 0.76-0.98).Discussion: According to the significant differences between two groups in terms of stress and social support, midwives and health care worker's attention to psychological health specially stress of pregnant women during prenatal period and providing appropriate support to reduce maternal stress is one of the most important matters that should be emphasized.

Introduction: Nowadays, direct or indirect impacts of drug abuse in many countries have imposed negative influences on them and are considered as an important social dilemma. Social, economic and even political destructive effects of drug abuse have caused extensive efforts dealing with this phenomenon. In last decades, vast costs and strict and severe course of actions have been unable, as much it is expected, to resolve the problem of drug abuse. Many experts believe that it must be viewed from other perspectives apart from what have been tried up to now.Method: The approach of system dynamics analysis due to being able to analyze interactions among the parameters of complex systems can be considered as a more suitable approach to investigating the phenomenon of drug abuse.Findings: Therefore, in this paper, adopting a system dynamics approach, capable of futurology, drug abuse has been modeled and stimulated in Vensim software. Then, various policies and strategies have been tested and ultimately a policy package has been suggested for managing the drug abuse problem.Discussion: the Most important of these policies and strategies contains: establishing abusers homes, treatment and economic support from the abusers and their families, creating and providing healthy recreation and entertainment areas, platting less dangerous alternatives to drugs, promoting public attitudes and beliefs of individuals about drug abuse, economic and industrial partnerships with countries cultivating drugs, strengthening the abusers’ will to stop abuse and removing social disorders through improved economic and livelihoods conditions.

Introduction: This article examines the reasons as well as the shift from low risk drugs to high risk drugs. Target in this research consist of people who were low risk consumers in the past but now they are high risk consumers. The theoretical framework for this research includes: social strain theory, anomie theory, differential association, social control, model adaptation, social conflict, and social capital theory.Method: This study is a questionnaire survey and data was collected by Statistical methods including the multiple regression analysis, chi-square.Finding: Results of present research have shown that we can see the shift from low risk drugs such as opium and opium juice to high risk drugs such as Kerak, Heroine, Crystal and the shift of usage toward injection between addicted people (the prison of Bojnord and Samen clinic of Bojnord.Discussion: This study shows the reasons such as social pressure, low correlation; the way of treatment between addicted person and the rest of the family, cultural poverty, polluted social area, lack of pureness of drugs, and weakness in moral beliefs and religious beliefs have a meaningful relation with the amount and the speed of shift of consuming.

Introduction: although, aggression against children at first glance is an individual phenomenon, this leads to substances abuse, alcohol, prostitution delinquency, sexual crimes, hostility against children and spouse and readiness for tolerance of hostile relationship in marital life.The purpose of this research was to compare different types of child abuse between addicted and normal individuals in Isfahan city. Statistical population was addicted who were referred for treatment. Normal had not any record for treatment.Method: To select samples, 50 addicted and 50 normal were randomly selected. The statistical method in this research was cause and effect analyze. The measurements of child abuse, self-report questionnaire and general health questionnaire were used. Data was analyzed thought MANOVA using SPSS-15.Findings: The results have shown that there was a significant difference between child abuse types in two groups (P 0.001).Discussion: Therefore, it could be concluded that child abuse in addicted individuals is more than normal individuals.

Introduction: Reliability and tranquility for human in the face of dangers and diseases have a big influence on private life and growth of social and economic society. The common insurance in Iran is health insurance that exists in two kinds:Basic health insurance and complementary insurance. With the growth of technology and high costs of treatment, it seems more appropriate that health insurance is needed in Iran, thus, Iran's health is promoting.Method: Data has been collected from reputable internal and external resources and internet. American's Dollar is used for comparing financial data.Findings: Situation of health system and non-life insurance in Iran have been studied and compared with world, a number of developed countries, Islamic and middle East countries.Discussion: A model for developing health complementary insurance in Iran has been presented.

Introduction: Social insurance is one of the most basic necessities of the human society and it has an important role in the maintenance and survival of human society. Rural society has special ecology and socio – economic characteristic, so these societies are faced with types of risks. Therefore, the importance of social insurance in achieving is clear for rural sustainable and integrated development.Method: In this research the required data was collected by semi - structured interview with the Rural and Nomadic Social Insurance Fund (RNSIF) experts. Also some of data and information were obtained from Library resources. At the end we used Pearson's correlation coefficient to illustrate relationships between number of insured peoples and development degree of the provinces.Findings: Limited number and parentage of insured persons showed several legal and administrative challenges to develop social insurance in rural and nomadic areas. In additional, the research has shown close correlation between number of insured people and development degree of the provinces in Iran.Discussion: Promoting of social insurance requires the special facilities and participatory extension methods.

Introduction: In this study, economic, social effective factors and government infrastructural funds on rural migration in Iran has been studied.Method: In order to the relationship between migration and government budgets in economic and social affairs in rural areas was investigated by autoregressive distributed lag method.Findings: The results showed that each of economic - social and government expenditure factors have different effects on rural migration. Government strategies should tend on investments that have a positive effect on migration reduction. On the contrary, expectation can be observed in the long term by increasing the government budget in development and modernization in rural regions not only will not decrease migration, but rises. Also it is considered that the government economic budget in the agricultural sector don’t affect on reducing or not increasing migration.Discussion: According to the findings, an appropriate policy analysis in improving efficiency of government investment in rural regions is essential to reduce migration.