Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences
Year:2013 | Volume:15 | Issue:1 (57)|Papers Count:9

To evaluate agronomic performance of two soybean cultivars in different planting patterns a field experiment was conducted with complete randomized block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Station of Qaemshahr in Mazandran province in 2008. Two cultivars (032; Nekador and Sari) in 50: 50 planting ratio were row intercropped in different planting patterns including; one, two and three rows of each cultivar. Different intercropped planting patterns showed significant effect on grain yield and yield components. However planting patterns did not have significant effect on100 grain weight. Results indicated that the highest canopy height and pod number per plant were obtained from three and one row planting patterns, respectively. Calculation of LER revealed that the maximum intercropping efficiency (LER=1.39) in one row planting pattern was higher than the sole crop stand. The evaluation of pod distribution in different part of main stem showed that higher grain yield of intercropped planting patterns was due to greater number of pods in upper part of the canopy. Comparison of actual: expected grain yield ratio indicated that the higher grain yield (%) in different planting patterns was obtained from 032 variety. In conclusion, the higher aggressivity of 032 over Sari was the main reason for its higher grain yield in different intercropped planting patterns.

To evaluate effects of foliar application of Fe and Zn on morphology and yield of anise, a factorial experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, in 2008. Treatments were Fe and Zn application (0, 2, 4 and 6 g.l-1). Results showed significant effect of Fe and Zn on the number of branches and the stem diameter, and the interaction of Fe and Zn on chlorophyll content, the number of seed.plant-1, biomass yield, seed yield was also significant. The highest SPAD value (chlorophyll content) (37.9) was observed at 6 g.l-1 of Fe and Zn, and the lowest value (15.3) was measured at 0 gl-1 Fe and 2 g.l-1 Zn. The highest biomass yield (2652 kg.ha-1) and seed yield (1372 kg.ha-1) was obtained from 6 g.l-1Fe and 4 g.l-1 of Zn and the lowest biomass yield (716 kg.ha-1) and seed yield (470 kg.ha-1) belonged to 0 gl-1 and 6 g.l-1 of Fe and Zn, respectively. Results also showed that the highest essential oil yield (50 kg.ha-1) was obtained from 6 g.l-1 Fe and 4 g.l-1 of Zn, and the lowest essential oil yield (18 kg.ha-1) belonged to 2 g.l-1 Fe and Zn. Homolen and Estragole was largest component both with 18% essential oil measured by gas chromatography analysis. It is concluded that foliar application of Fe increased seed yield, chlorophyll content and essential oil yield of anise and this was enhanced by foliar application of Zn.

Introduction of new varieties of rice with a higher performance than local cultivars is one of the important goals of rice breeding programs. Grain yield stability analysis of the varieties and estimation of the genotype by environment interactions should be performed in a conventional breeding program. Nine pure lines of rice selected from the International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice (INGER) and cv. Khazar, as check variety, were compared in an experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications for three years (2002-2004) in Roudsar, Rasht and Talesh in Guilan province, Iran. Grain yield was adjusted by 14% moisture content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences for grain yield among the lines.Results of combined ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences for grain yield of the genotypes averaged over years and locations. Due to significant genotype × location × year interaction, grain yield stability analysis was performed using Lin and Binns and AMMI methods. Lines No.6 (CT9807-3-5-1-1-2P-M-1) and 9 (IR2101-4-159-1-3-3) were characterized as stable lines because of small coefficient of variation and interlocation mean squares as well as smallest distance from the offset of coordinates in AMMI vectors. The mean grain yield of these lines were 4970 and 4770 kg.ha-1, respectively. Line No.5 (CNAX4364-4-4-4-1-3-1) with grain yield of 4790 kg.ha-1 showed specific adaptation to Talesh and can be recommended for this region.

This experiment was conducted to determine common bean genotypes reaction to Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus (BCMNV). Twenty five common bean genotypes were obtained from National Bean Research Station of Khomein. These genotypes were planted using randomized complete block design with three replications, and inoculated with inoculums of virus in greenhouse conditions in 2009. The reactions of plants were examined twenty one days after planting using ELISA test and IC-RT-PCR and visual methods. Measured traits in this research included: leaf infection (actual infection), mosaic leaf, systemic necrosis, vein strip, chlorotic spot and leaf shape. Quality traits (except leaf infection) were assessed by visual ranking method (visual symptom). Results indicated that genotypes were significantly different in leaf infection (actual infection), leaf mosaic, systemic necrosis and leaf shape. Results also showed that Ks-21189, Ks-21481 and Derakhshan were susceptible and COS16, Goli and Ks-41128 were resistant genotypes. Systemic necrosis had positive and highly significant correlation (r=0.638**) with leaf infection. Results of cluster analysis also indicated that Ks-21189 and COS16 as sensitive and resistance genotypes, respectively. Chi-square test indicated that white genotypes were more resistant than pinto and red genotypes. IC-RT-PCR results indicated that BCMNV virus was present in Ks-21189 genotype.

Twenty four barley varieties were evaluated for their genetic diversity using thirteen agronomic and morphological traits as well as ten SSR primers. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among cultivars for all traits, indicating a high genetic diversity. Grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with number of nodes per plant, plant height, 1000 grain weight, grainfilling durationand tiller number per plant.Principal component analysis categorized 13 primarily variables into 4 new variables (four principal components) representing 75.92% of total variations. All varieties were divided into three clusters based on their quantitative traits. In group 1, most varieties were from warm regions however, many varieties in group 2 had come from cold areas. Although some varieties with similar growth habitswere categorized in one cluster, they were not separated based on their growth habitby clustering. Molecular genetic diversity was performed using PIC (Polymorphic Index Content), number of effective alleles and Shannon Index. Totally 43.28 average bands were scored of which 31.42 bands were polymorphic. Average number of polymorphic bands varied from 1.96 to 4.00 per primer. The highest polymorphic bands were related to Bmac0040 primer with an average of 4.00 bands and the lowest in Bmag0013 primer with 1.96 bands. The highest bands were observed for Jonoob and Goharjo varieties with 4.8 and the lowest one for Reyhan 03 cultivar with 3.8 bands. The highest and the lowest polymorphic varieties were Goharjo with 81% and Fajr 30 with 54% bands, respectively. Based on Shannon Index, PIC and effective allele number, there was more genetic diversity among facultative varieties over spring varieties. There was no relationship between morphological and molecular clustering which impliesthat there is no linkage between used SSRs and studiedmorphological loci. Since SSRs are located in non-coding regions, lack of relationship between morphological and molecular clustering is not unexpected.

To estimate general combining ability, specific combining ability and gene effect, 30 maize inbred lines were crossed with four male sterile testers. One hundred and twenty developed hybrids were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications in research field station of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Iran (SPII), Karaj, in 2009. Kernel yield, plant height, ear height, kernel number.row-1, row number.cob-1, kernel depth and 1000 kernel weight were measured. Analysis of variance, in both irrigation conditions, showed significant difference among hybrids for all characteristics except the row number.cob-1 in normal irrigation condition. Significant mean-square for line × tester implied that responses of lines and testers differed in two irrigation conditions. Evaluation of s2GCA/s2SCA 2⁄ indicated that there was greater dominance variance (SCA) than additive variance (GCA) for all traits.K3651/2, K47/2-2-1-3-1-1-1-1, K47/2-2-1-4-1-1-1-1, K47/2-2-1-21-2-1-1-1, and K3640/8 inbred lines showed the highest GCA in the moisture stress condition. The highest SCA in the moisture stress condition was observed for T1×L18, T3×L30, T2× L23 and T4×L10 and the lowest SCA for T1×L7, T2×L30, T3×L26, T4×L23 combinations. Overall both additive and non-additive gene effects were involved in controlling of measured traits.

Boron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development and its role in cell wall, maintenance of plasma membrane function and several metabolite pathways is well documented. In this experiment, 150 barley doubled haploid lines derived from the cross between Clipper and Sahara3771 varieties were evaluated to identify genomic regions involved in boron uptake efficiency. The studied traits were boron concentration and content as well as dry weight per plant at seedling and maturity stages under greenhouse conditions. Linkage analysis was performed using 125 polymorphic SSR markers based on minimum LOD of 3 and maximum distance of 50 cM between two adjacent markers. The resulted linkage map spanned 1521.8 cM of barley genome with 14.09 cM distance between two markers. Based on composite interval mapping, 23 QTLs were identified for the traits under study. For dry weight per plant, one and three, boron concentration, six and five and boron content per plant, four and four QTLs were identified at seedling and maturity stages, respectively.The detected QTLs for dry weight per plant, boron concentration and content determined about 28, 61 and 40% of total phenotypic variation of the traits at seedling stage and 34, 51 and 36% at maturity stage, respectively.Transgressive segregation was observed for all traits indicating the presence of desirable parental allele combinations in the progenies. Negative and positive additive effects for identified QTLs showed the inheritance of favorable alleles from both parental lines to progenies in the detected loci. For the studied traits, four QTLs were common that could be due to genetic linkage or plieotropic effects. The markers showed tight linkage with major QTLs, could be used in marker assisted selection breeding programs for selection of superior lines and incorporating of favorable alleles into commercial barley varieties.