GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY
Year:2002 | Volume:34 | Issue:42|Papers Count:8

One of the most important climatic events in the Iranian highlands during Quaternary era is remins and glacialgeomorphology. In this regard Alamkooh glacier must be concidered as the alone and most important glacier of area. This glacier has more than 14 small and larg glacier tongues which can be seen the activities life effects as well as them. The aim of this study is surveying of present geomorphological and also determinig the boundary extended them during the last and present glacier. The research methodology based on field work and measuring by using suitable indirect view and periodical. The results show Alamkooh glaciers are gradually melting ,because of little feeQing Avalanches fallen down the end-ward of cirques glacier can support their lives. the extending boundary toungues in the northern and southern slopes Alamkooh are 3800 and 4000 meter.Wheras the glacial morphology evidences indicat that the spread of these toungues has been 2800 and 3100m in the northern and southern slopes sides.

Adopting a successful foreign policy requires a profound perception toward politkal Scene of the region. Analysing structural elements of states national power and actors diverse interests, Finding the roots of the regional crisis; and studing the importance of the region in . . geostrategy of powers, geoplitics makes arrangements for a wise and rational foreign policy to be adopted. . . Caucasia,regarding to its diverse ethnic and religousgroups, the precedent of global and regional powers presence in this region, its strategic importance, and its econmical attractions since the collapse of the soviet Union and independence of Azarbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia, has turned into a scene for conflict between regional and infra - regional actors in which everyone seeks its own interests. This paper tries to explain that a profound geopolitical analysisand recognition of positive and negative factors (whichcould both promote or slowdownthe relations -)wouldbe an imperativeand impressive step toward formulating successful political, economical relations between Iran and Caucasian states.

While globalization and its various dimensions have challenged the vestfaly system and traditional Goverments based on it, nation stats have not yet found a safe shelter. In fact the speed and mutation of modem globalization constitule the greates challenge for the continuation of these old players.ThiSis the case when alongsideglobalitionmodern regionalization is also talking shape. Some are of the opinion that regiorialization and glibalization work in one and the same direction,and complement each other,where as some others consider regionalization as an alternative or even antithesis to globalization.work in one and the same direction, and complement each other, where as some others consider regionalization as an alternative or even antithesis of globalization. The present article, while conducting a breif study of these two concepts, intends to clarify the relations of these two processes and to illustrate the special role of regionalization in reducing the effects of globaliZationupon the veStfalysystem.

A special role of political geographyis to organizespace politicalyin local, regional and national levels.Internal administrativedivisionsof Iran in the first place is affectedby geographicalconditions of the country, then it is subject to the kind of political system. From geographical point of view, natural and human space of Iran is apparently characterised by plurality, variety and numerous environmental human interactions. This has led to formation of many s.ubculturesand ethnic groups inside the country,wich constitute obstacles on the way toward national unity. It seems that a regional political systemwhich is alreadyused in other countries,maybe suitable to solve the problem, for while its target is national unity it attracts all peoples of. the country to participate in development of their local environment. In the mentioned system, while the authority of the central government is maintained, the allocation of decision-making and some rights to people to manage their local affairs make them happy and encourage them to interact with other regions of the country and I, central gov.e.r, nment as well.

In this article author would try to define effects of subside on rural migration and urbanization. Ti seems that Iranian geographicaUiterature merelyhave been looks at subside as a causal factor in this phenomenon. First of all. the stracture of subside will be compare before and after the revolution. then its geographical and sectoral destribiution will be investigateand finallya discussion will be made on geographical and spatial outcome. As a result of this investigation patern of subside destribution could be refer as a practical example of "State and urbanization" theory (Rahemai,M.1994)in development of urbanization.

In the National Spatial Strategy Plan of SCETIRAN and Republic Islamic, to adjustment of spatial problems and regional imbalance of country, particulur in Tehran and Mazanderan (and Golestan) provinces, have become particular view to Semnan province. In this plans, which prepared for years 1970 to 2002, the policy of surplus population obsorbtion of Tehran and Mazanderan provinces to Semnan province have been proposed. In this plans have foreseen which population of province increased with rate of 4.8 percent yearly and thus reached to 902000person in 2002. The population of Semnan province in 2002 is 555478person, and indicates which operation of plans have been poored. In this article with regard to economic and social changes of semnan province in 1979 to 2002, the operation of national spatial strategy plan is evaluated and discussed. Therefore, the factors of unsuccessedof plans is analysedand finallyhave presented the propositions for spatial strategy in nation and regional levels.

The geomorphology of karst studies the particular morpho-hydrologicalfeatures in the soluble rocks (more often carbonate). Karst features are the result of the intraction among numerous climatic phenomena and elements as well as geological conditions in the interface of limestone terrains~ Karst is a complex system as its development is governed by a complicated network of feedback loops. The engine that empowers its natural processes is the hydrological cycle and cold. This paper is an attempt to study the different factors that affect the development of karst features as well as the dominant morphogenetic systems in Akhlamad; moreover, it analyzes the phenomena resulted from the karst erosion and its place in karst cycle. In this way, Akhlamad basin is evaluated from the view of the geomorphological and natural morphodynamic developments in order to determine its dominant processes. Finally it turns to the relationship between morpho-hydrologicalperspectives of the karst erosion and the environmental management. Also it points out the necessity of extreme awareness and precision on the part of the planners, decisionmakers and environmental .managers who are somehow involved in developing and reclamation the karst basins.

Climate is an important environmental factor that affects on all of vital aspects. successful production completelydepends on understandingof climatic condition. It is very important To know about rainfall pattern and characteristics speciallyin dry land farmingareas which highlyrelated to the available water. So It is very important to know about mean annual Seasonal and monthly rainfall, duration of the rainfall season and dates, probablity levels of Rainfall amounts, determinative of interval of dry and wet period, number of rainy day,land. Ultimately drought is very useful for different agricultural practices for example, prepration land for planting, fertilizing, harvesting, dryingof crops and so on. This subject helps to improve the yield and qualityof agriculturalproducts and optimum Use of the limited resources.in this study rainfall and water balance characteristics agricultural climatology point of view have been analysed. The study area is located in western of IRAN, east of kermanshah including Sahneh, Bistoon, Harsin and kermanshah plains.in this investigation, It has been used daily rainfall data in commen 26 years statistical period at meteorological station and wheat dty land farming phenological observation 8 years at Sararud station. Research finding show that, inspite of 250 mm minimum rainfall security for wheat dry land- farming, rainfall distribution and amount, water balance (as daily, different growingstages and total of growingseason) the plant is exposured by water tention and moisture deficit in different growingstages and total growingseason instance 75 per. In germination stage, 50 per In emergcny - 75 per. In 3 leaf and 87.5 per. In tillering.