JOURNAL OF ARDABIL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JAUMS)
Year:2011 | Volume:11 | Issue:2 (40)|Papers Count:19

Background & objectives: The most common causes of mortality in patients with head trauma are epidural and subural hematomas. In the last three decades because of improvements in saving and monitoring patients in intensive care unite (ICU), the therapeutic outcomes have been improved dramatically. The aim of this study is to clarify the factors affecting treatment outcomes of patients with epidural and subdural hematomas in Fatemi hospital in Ardabil.Methods: The subjects of the study were selected from 109 recorded files in Ardabil Fatemi hospital in years 2001-2006. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods, chi-square and Student's t-test using SPSS software.Results: Sixty nine (63%) and 40 (37%) of patients had epidural and subdural hematomas, respectively. The mean age of patients was 33. GCS at the time of admission was 10 and mean hospitalization days in neurosurgery section and ICU were 6 and 8 days respectively. Ninty two (84%) of patients were men and 17 (16%) were female. According to Glosco system, treatment autcome of 76 (70%) patients was desired and that in 33(30%) patients was poor. Nine (13%) of patients with epidorel hematomas and 23 (53%) patients with subdural hematomas were died.Conclusion: This study showed that type of hematoma (epidural and subdural), age, length of ICU stay and GCS at the time of admission affect the treatment outcomes.

Background & objectives: Nosocomial infections increase patient’s mortality and are considered as a health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolated bacteria in NICU and PICU, in Bahrami and Children’s Medical Center hospitals, Tehran.Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study from October 2008 to September 2009, risk factors and etiology of nosocomial infections were evaluated in all patients who showed infectious signs upon 48h admission. Infectious agents were diagnosed by the standard microbiological tests and antibiotic sensitivity of isolates was determined using dick diffusion method. The data for location of the hospital, admission history, presence of immunodeficiency, fever and using venous and urine catheters, suction, venous injection as well as cerebral shunt and surgery have been collected by a questionnaire and analyzed, statistically.Results: About 9.3% (70 individuals) of cases encountered with nosocomial infections. From whom, 24.3% were infected by Pseudomonas aeroginosa and 18.6% and 3.14% by Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter spp, respectively. The location of the hospital, using of suction and surgery were the most common risk factors related to nosocomial infections (p<0.05).Conclusion: Our findings showed that the hospital location, suction and surgery were the most common risk factors and Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter spp were the common infectious threats. So, we need to design the special program to improve nosocomial infection control in hospitals.

Background & Objectives: Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Based on isoenzyme typing of a few isolates from patients and domestic dogs, this parasite was considered to predominate in the Kaleybar focus of VL in northwest Iran. There is no report of sandfly infections in this region so this study was aimed to investigate the infection of the sandflies in the field.Methods: Sandflies were sampled using sticky paper and CDC traps. Morphological identifications were carried out based on characters of the head and abdominal terminalia. DNA extracted from sandflies abdomens and thoraxes. ITS-rDNA gene of parasite was detected and identified as Leishmania after sequencing.Results: Out of 146 sandflies 9 were found to be infected with Leishmania. For first time, three Leishmania species (L. infantum, L. tropica and L. major) were identified in sandflies simultaneously in the region. Among the all sandflies only one Phlebotomus perfiliewi (vector of VL) was found to be infected with L. infantum. All Isolates were confirmed by sequencing of ITS-rDNA gene.Conclusion: However, Leishmania tropica and L. major were found more than L. infantum in sandflies in Kaleybar but it could not conclude that these two species of Leishmania are causative agents of VL. Because many criteria should be considered to incriminate an agent or vector of the disease.

Background and Objectives: Opiodergic system has important role in pain control. Origanum vulgare is a folk medicine with analgesic properties which is widely distributed in the north and northwest parts of Iran. The mechanism of therapeutic effects of Origanum vulgare is not understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intervention effect of opioid agonist (morphine) and antagonist (naloxone) on analgesic effects of Origanum vulgare.Methods: In this study 28 Male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were used (n=7). The rats were anaesthetized by ketamine (80 mg /kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) and a cannula was inserted into the left ventricle according to atlas of Paxinos characteristics using stereotaxic apparatus. The animals were allowed to recover for 5-7 days .In pilot examination, the effective dose of ORG extract determined 3μg/rat i.c.v. Rats were divided into 4 groups:Control group given saline 0.5 ml.i.p/ saline 5 μl.i.c.v or ORG 3 mg/rat.i.c.v. other groups are morphine (2mg/kg ,i.p) and ORG 3 mg/rat,i.c.v , Naloxone (1 mg/kg,i.p) and ORG 3 mg/rat,i.c.v. The latency response of rats to thermal stimulation was recorded (30, 45, 60, 75, 90 & 120 min after treatment) by Tail flick test. Repeated Measurement test and ANOVA were used to determine significant differences.Results: There was significant decrease in the pain threshold following the coadministration of ORG extract with naloxone in the Tail flick test. There also was significant decrease in the latency response or pain threshold 90 and 120 min after intervention in naloxone group compared with that in control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that analgesic effect of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare may be mediated, at least in part, by opioidergic system.

Background & objectives: Screening and early diagnosis of delayed development in children particularly among high risk groups are obligatory. Children with a history of one or more risk factors in pre-natal, peri-natal and post-natal periods are prone to delayed development in comparison with normal population. This study was launched to assess the developmental status in children with a history of NICU admission.Methods: In this study 114 children, aged between 4-60 months with a history of NICU admission were recruited. ASQ questionnaires including information in 5 fields: communication, fine and gross motor status, personal-social and problems solving, were filled for each one of the cases by their parents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test.Results: Among 114 cases, there were 71.1% male. Totally 70.2% of cases were premature. The most prevalent reason for admission was immaturity. The average weight of infants was 2233±680 gram. Figures of abnormal findings in 5 fields were: communication 20.2%, gross motor 17.5%, fine motor 19.3%, problem solving 8.8% and personal-social 16.7%. In this study 67.5% of children showed normal development while 6.1% were abnormal in all 5 fields and 26.3% were abnormal in at least one filed. Statistically, there weren’t significant differences between various developmental fields and genus, length of hospital stay and birth weight.Conclusion: Despite normal developmental status in majority of children with a history of NICU admission, a considerable number of them had delayed development in at least one field. These findings suggest a need for patient screening and intense follow up programs.

Background & objectives: Exact diagnosis of mental disorder is important in psychology. With respect to common symptoms in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood, correct diagnosis of these disorders seems to be very difficult. The main goal of this study was to compare the body temperature of schizophrenic, schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients.Method: In this descriptive study, 60 schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients, 20 persons in each group were selected. The patients were interviewed and their body temperature was measured. Finally, the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Results: Schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar mood patients had 38.15±11.13, 34.8±10.99, and 35.25±9.05 years as a mean, respectively. About 63.3% of individuals had secondary, 15% high school, 16.7% diploma and 5% undergraduate education. About 51.7% of patients had non-governmental job, 8.3% and 40% were employed and jobless, respectively. Among them 45% were single and the rest married. 15% of individuals were admitted once, 25%, twice, 3.3% three times, 20% between 4-10 times and 41.7% frequently. Statistically, there was significant difference between the mean of body temperature in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients, (p<0.001).Conclusion: The difference between the body temperature mean in three groups of patients showed that schizoaffective patients were more close to bipolar mood patients, and schizophrenia patients differ in terms of base keeping mean and body temperature balance from two other groups (schizoaffective and bipolar mood).

Background & Objectives: E. coli is an opportunistic and pathogenic bacterium in human. It is a fecal contamination indicator of the water. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of ultra violet radiation in disinfection of E. coli in aquatic environments in a batch system.Methods: At first, reactor was designed and made. The effects of pH, exposure time and initial inoculum were studied. Kinetic parameters were obtained by application of zero, first and second-order equations.Results: The result showed that removal efficiency decreased with increase of initial inoculum and the kinetics of disinfection was described by first-order model. The result also showed that removal efficiency augmented with increasing exposure time and pH.Conclusion: The results of this study shows that ultra violet radiation can be used as an effective disinfection method for E. coli in aquatic environments.

Background & Objectives: Consumption of ω3 fatty acids supplementation inhibits oxidative stress injury, increases activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreases lipid peroxidation in gastric cancer patients. In this study, we examined effects of ω-3 fatty acid intakes on oxidative stress in gastric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods: This double blind clinical trial study was conducted on 30 adult patients (15 cases and 15 controls) with gastric cancer during chemotherapy in Ardabil city in 2010. Case and control groups were selected by randomized allocation. Three grams ω-3 fatty acid supplementation (1.8 g EPA & 1.2 g DHA in 10 g fish oil) and placebo were given case and control groups for 45 days, respectively. Anthropometric indices (weight, height & BMI) were measured. Blood samples were taken and then biochemical factors including triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, MDA, and total antioxidants were evaluated at the beginning, middle and end of the study. The data were analyzed by using Paired sample t-test, Independent sample t-test and repeated measures test.Results: MDA, Weight and BMI of omega group after intervention were significantly more than control group at the end of the study (p<0.05). Weight and BMI were decreased but serum MDA was significantly increased in control group during the study (p<0.05). Weight, BMI, and total antioxidants were significantly increased in omega group during day 30-45, (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in other biochemical factors at the end of study.Conclusion: The present investigation shows administration of ω3 fatty acid supplements to gastric cancer patients during chemotherapy increases the total antioxidants capacity and prevents the enhancement of oxidative stress.

Background & objectives: During lifetime, hair follicles undergo three cyclic changes: anagen, catagen, telogen. In hair follicles, stem cells located in Bulge area, which is part of the outer root sheath. Bulge cells proliferate new cells in anagen phase. Bulge region of hair follicle indicated as a source of stem cell for many years, but little studies done in vitro to characterize rat bulge region hair follicle stem cells.Methods: In this study Bulge cells of rat hair follicle were isolated and cultured, then morphological features of these cells surveyed. Nestin and CD34 as hair follicle stem cell markers, and K15 as a keratinocyte marker assessed by immunocytochemistry after one to three weeks.Results: In this study, we found that, 2 days after attachment of cells to floor of plates, the cells were initiated to proliferation and migration. These cells had good nestin and CD34 immunostaining, but after three week differentiation, were nestin and CD34 negative. Also these cells couldn’t express K15.Conclusion: Results showed that cultivated rat bulge cells, have high proliferative potential, and also could express nestin and CD34 as stem cell factors.

Uterus leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors and usually are asymptomatic. This article is a report of an approximately large Myoma (12×12×21 cm). The subject was a 40-year-old woman with pelvic fracture. While examining, a large mass was found in the pelvic. The patient was transferred to the operation room to further examination. During the surgery an almost constant but stiff mass was found in hypogastrium that overextended to the umbilicus. For the last few months, the patient had some disorders such as constipation and oligomenorrhea but these disorders were not important and discomfortable complaining for the patient. Patient was clinically assumed to have ovarian tumor and referred for laparotomy. After surgery, pathological examination showed that it was a subserosal Myoma.