Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Year:2016 | Volume:19 | Issue:8 |Papers Count:3

Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the common diseases in pregnancy and has several etiologies including seasonal changes, day-night duration and temperature changes. If there was a relationship, preventive measures are recommended in these seasons; therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of age and season on preeclampsia incidence. Methods: In this descriptive-analyzing study, 264 preeclampsia cases who had been admitted in gynecology ward of Imam-Reza hospital during 3 years. Control group consisted of 10829 deliveries without any complication in these three years. The age and season of disease incidence were recorded for each group. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 15), and Chi-square test, Pearson correlation and ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Preeclampsia incidence rate was 2.37% in this study. Preeclampsia incidence was 12.5% in mothers <15 years, 4.65% in mothers> 35 years, and 2.22% in mothers aged 15-35 years. There was significant difference between preeclampsia incidence at both reproductive ending and the group of 15 to 35 years (P=0.000). The highest preeclampsia prevalence was reported in March (3.55%) and the least prevalence in July (1.44%). Prevalence of preeclampsia was highest in winter (3.25%) and lowest in summer (1.64%). Significant difference was observed in preeclampsia incidence between winter and summer (P=0.000).Conclusion: Prevalence of preeclampsia was higher in both ends of reproductive age. Preeclampsia prevalence was higher in cold seasons and lower in warm seasons

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can increase the risks for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases after pregnancy. Lipids are biomarkers that can give valuable information in this aspect. This study was performed with aim to assess serum values of lipids, lipid ratios and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and their relationship with maternal age and GDM. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 52 women with GDM and 59 normal pregnant women referred to Asalian hospital of Khorramabad, Iran during 2013-2014. Serum values of cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using commercially available kits and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19), and Kolmogorov – Smirnov, Independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation and regression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Values of TC/HDL-C ratio (P<0.001), LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (P<0.001) and AIP (P<0.001) were significantly increased while values of HDL-C (P<0.001) and HDL ratio (P<0.001) were significantly decreased in GDM group compared with normal pregnancy; the differences remained significant after adjusting for age of the subjects. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that before and after adjusting for age of the subjects, HDL-C and HDL ratio were negative risk factors for GDM and TC/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and AIP were positive risk factors for GDM. Conclusion: Increased TC/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and AIP and decreased HDL-C and HDL ratio could be considered risk factors for GDM. Regularly measurements of lipid ratios and interventions for regulation of them might significantly prevent the prevalence of GDM and caused cardiovascular disease especially at postpartum period.

Introduction: The incidence of certain genetic diseases occurring in a certain sex as well as the variations of the sex ratio in some countries have led to an increased interest in sex determination. Different methods of sex determination are available, among which nutrition has been taken into consideration, since it doesn’t need any special equipment, cheapness, availability and ease of access. This study was performed with aim to investigate what dietary factors can affect the sex ratio and what are the possible mechanisms of their impact on the sex ratio. Methods: To search the papers regarding the different factors affecting the sex ratio, without limiting the time, related keywords of BMI, Blood Glucose, Calcium, Calories, Diet, Estrogen, Fatty Acids, Female Sex Hormones, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Luteal Hormone, Magnesium, Omega3, Omega6, Potassium, Progesterone, Sex Ratio, Sex Selection and Sodium were searched on PubMed and Google Scholar databases and the results from the most important entries were investigated in this study. Results: In some studies, physical condition, type and calorie size of the mother’s diet, the blood glucose level, the types of ferry fatty acids in the diet and exclusive diets were considered as the effective factors influencing on the sex ratio. Conclusion: The mechanism of dietary factors influencing on sex ratio is not exactly clear. However, since the articles have mentioned some nutritional factors affecting the sex ratio as the factors influencing sex hormone levels, so it is possible that one of the mechanisms of the effect of dietary factors on sex ratio is through their effect on sex hormones.