WOMENS STUDIES
Year:2012 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 (32)|Papers Count:7

Body is an important subject in sociological literature. It is so important that sociology of body has contributed to social theories. Body appears as a competitive field which is controlled and changed by numerous power elements. Female body has an important role in this field. The female body has numerous characteristics though which mechanisms of consumption, power game and market place gain profits by encoding and forming it.This paper aims to investigate the female body and woman labor in the work place. The present research attempts to answer this question: How is female body encoded in work place? Our question was inspired looking at the manner of controlling the female body and its commodification at the work place. Grounded theory which is theoretically oriented has been used in this research. The method of collecting data is, studying documents and observation and the questionnaire. According to grounded theory, data has been encoded and conceptualized in some steps. Findings show that power makes female body an ideological medium by manipulating it, on the one hand, and the market commercializes female body for obtaining capital and profit, on the other.

This research aims at studying the effects globalization had on religious identity on women and men residing in Tehran in the year of 2011. Today we witness the fact that globalization intensifies social relations worldwide, develops communications, and increases cultural coexistence and interactions through the prominent means (the internet, satellite, etc.). On the other hand, with the increase of cultural interactions, the phenomenon of cultural imperialism happens, and a culture overcomes the other ones. The result would be the appearance of values like relativism, hedonism, and consumerism. The appearance of these values affects the religious identity of the society. This article using Friedman, George Gerbner, Mazryv, and Michael Banduras’ theories is trying to study the globalization effect on religious identity of women and men in Tehran. This is a survey-method research, and the data is gathered via the questionnaire for information related to the statistical society. In general, empirical findings show that as the usage of global means (the internet, satellite) by men and women increases, their religious identity is reduced.

The present study aims to investigate simple and multiple relationships between romantic attachment styles and love styles with marital satisfaction in administrative personnel offices in Ahvaz. The samples that included 200 subjects were randomly selected. The participants completed three questionnaires: Behavioral Systems Questionnaire (BSQ), Love Attitude Scale (LAS) and Enriching and Nurturing Relationship Issues in Communicating Happiness (ENRICH). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression method. The secure attachment style, Eros, Agape, Storge and Pragma love styles indicated a highly positive significant relationship with marital satisfaction. But the preoccupied attachment, dismissing attachment Styles and Loudos and Mania love style indicated a highly negative significant relationship with marital satisfaction. The result of multiple regressions showed dismissing attachment style and Eros, Mania and Pragma love styles were significant predictors for marital satisfaction.

Rural form of human settlement and livelihood is a significant manifestation of economic and social life. Such a system has endured more or less stably throughout the centuries. More than half of the populations in developing countries live in rural areas. Obviously, the villagers' role and especially that of rural women in achieving rural development goals is undeniable. Considerable international attention has been paid to the role of women in development process. The year of 1975 was designated as the International Year of Women, and the period covering 76-85 was called Women's Decade. Despite this rural women's role in the development process has often been neglected by policy makers.The present study aims to analyze the barriers to women who work in rural settings. The areas designated for our study consists of 10 villages in rural Chaharghaleh in outskirt of the city of Behshahr. This is a survey-method research which is also analytical–descriptive as well as the library. Field data were gathered through a questionnaire designed in the form of Likert. The research question was analyzed through the software of SPSS, the question is: Whether there is a significant correlation between indices of the barriers to rural women's activities. The results show that among the indices of personal, familial and social barriers that affect women's activities, there is a significant correlation. Mehdi Abad village, amongst the villages under study was least affected and enjoys the number-one standing.

In this study, we have used quantitative survey research method to investigate the level of domestic violence against women in the city of Khoramabad. Using stratified sampling method, 210 women victim of domestic violence were selected and responded to the questionnaires. In the theoretical framework, we have used theories of social supervision, social learning, role theories, source theories, and Rendell Collins and Melvin Taman’s theories. According to study results, the level of domestic violence (in an interval of 1-5) was 3/90 which is quite high. The results of the correlation test show that domestic violence and its dimensions (psycho-verbal, direct and indirect physical and socio-economic violence) are significantly correlated with husband’s authority, inconsistent interpretation of one’s role, burdensome role, the age difference between couples, and childhood experience of domestic violence. These are also inversely correlated with socio-economic status of husband. Furthermore, according to results of multiple regression analysis the variables of husband’s authority, inconsistent interpretation of one’s role, burdensome role, and socio–economic status of husband had a direct and significant correlation, while according to path analysis, variables of age difference between couples and childhood experience of domestic violence had an indirect significant effect on domestic violence.

Studies indicate that runaway girls are in a lower status of interpersonal relationship and emotional intelligence than the ordinary ones. This research is designed to assess the effect of transactional analysis training on runaway girls' increase of social intimacy in Isfahan. The study was carried out based on a multiple baseline with a staggered initiation of treatment. Miller social intimacy test was used to measure the degree of social intimacy. The subjects are comprised of three runaway girls from Isfahan's Ershad (Guidance) Center, who were randomly selected from runaway girls gaining low scores in social intimacy. Data analysis was done through drawing trend charts and the effect size was determined by analysis within condition, analysis between adjacent conditions and analysis between similar conditions. The results of the analysis within condition, analysis between adjacent conditions of the data chart revealed a significant difference between the intervention and baseline situations for the three individuals (75% of PND for the first and second examinee, 100% for the third examinee). Also, in follow-up condition, performance of each 3 of the subjects remained stable. Thus, Transactional Analysis Training can increase social intimacy.

The general aim of this study is to assess entrepreneurial characteristics and its relations with demographic variables of female students of University of Applied Science and Technology (UAST) Centers in Golestan Province. This study is based on 385 students' comments using an Iranian entrepreneur's characteristics assessment questionnaire. Desired data was collected through Man-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests for data analysis which was performed by the SPSS. The results indicate that the students have risk taking propensity, ambiguity tolerance, dreaming characteristics and weak level of internal locus of control, need for achievement, pragmatism, clearness of thought, and challenge seeking Characteristics. Dreaming was concluded as the most powerful students' entrepreneurial characteristic. Single students experienced dreaming more than married ones. There is a relationship between gender and risk taking propensity, so that this characteristic in men is more powerful than in women. There is a positive relationship between age and fluency of thought. There is a positive relationship between diploma GPA and need for achievement. There is a negative relationship between age and dreaming.