WOMENS STUDIES
Year:2004 | Volume:2 | Issue:4|Papers Count:7

The mutual understanding of marriage partners, life and marriage quality satisfaction, and reasons leading to family conflicts are among the topics most studied. This study aims to understand factors influencing the marriage quality satisfaction, from womens point of view. The study is carried out through the perspectives of social psychology and micro-sociology. The studys findings indicated that cultural capital of the marriage partners are the main determinants of their notions and definitions as regards their marriage life. That is to say, the partners cultural capital would determine the form and the content of their thoughts and of their behavioral patterns. This content can be observed in daily cultural time and space, and also the preoccupations, which the partners engage in. Therefore, similarities in notions and definitions, result in similar behavior and preoccupations, which will bring about a dialogue between the partners. Given the existence of such similarities and of such a dialogue is seen, particularly from womens point of view, as constituting a better marriage quality and satisfaction. The data gathered using ethnographic technique (as a pre-test) helped to formulate ideas concerning a number of families belonging to various cultural, social and economic classes as regards the above findings. The data were gathered through long recorded interviews.

Womens liberation movement is taken here to be equal to the feminist movement, which can be considered .as a social mobility attempt that necessarily involves politics. The movement contains in itself different approaches as regards government functions and the definition of politics. The liberal feminist approach, within a reformist strategy, adopts a balanced view of politics in relation to bargaining with the government. In contrast, the radical feminist approach, adopting an essentialist strategy, and almost a . revolutionary one, has a different definition of politics, and hence their stance versus government without any compromise. This paper aims to compare these two approaches.

Agriculture is a major sector of the Iranian economy. Agricultural development goals cannot be achieved unless empowering and managing of the human resources are taken into consideration. Aging is a recent phenomenon, which is affecting agricultural sector.Therefore, agricultural planners are faced with the challenge to find solutions to persuade, and to educate, the rural youth for entering the agricultural activity. In this regard, ideally there should not be any discrimination between males and females as rural women and girls have played crucial roles in agriculture since the emergence of fanning. The rationale for taking up such a topic for research was derived from the fact that rural youths are demonstrating low interest in participating in agricultural activities. Stratified random sampling was applied and 187 rural girls were selected from 6 districts and 11 villages of Kermanshah County for the interview. The results showed that. the respondents had medium level of motivation to participate in agriculture. Step-wise regression analysis indicated that 21 percent of variation in the dependent variable (e.g., motivation). This was determined by fivre variables among which the extent of participation in agriculture was the most important one. In addition, literacy level of mothers negatively aftected the girls motivation.

Delphi is one of the most important and, at the same time, the latest of the qualitative research tools. It was in the 1940"s that its application came to the fore, and it can be applied extensively to the macro subjects, particularly to the ones distinguished by qualitative and subjective nature. It can be used, for example, to assess ideas of the Iranian specialists, both in academic and in executive areas, to formulate questions as ones that follow: "What are the greatest constraints and value-related problems", "Which act as obstacles to womens promotion at the present juncture of history?" Or, "What are the greatest normative obstacles or constraints blocking practical equality of men and women?" As noted, this research tool can be applied to achieve several goals. 1- The recognition of expert ideas and beliefs (at descriptive or causal level). 2- Creating the necessary context to coordinate and bring together ideas. 3- To produce idea for reality implementation. Given what went on, one can see that there are several stages in applying this technique: A- Selection of elites. B- The initial question. C- The processing of responses by content analysis. D- The return to the generation members (Cohort Analysis). Thus, within several stages, one can achieve approximating the ideas and find some way to implement it. Some principles in Delphi research are as the following: - The principle of enrichment and support. - The principle of sharing.

This paper aims to determine whether there exists a meaningful relationship between parents matrimonial satisfaction and the appearance of behavioral disorders in children. The statistical society of this research consists of all girl students and their parents at 5 districts encompassing primary schools in Isfahan province. The sample surveyed included two sets of children: having and not having disturbance. Using Pearson Correlation Coefficient, MultiVariant Variance Analysis, and Multi-Variant Regression showed that there is meaningful relationship between parents matrimonial satisfaction and the appearance of behavioral disorders in children. There is no meaningful relationship between men and women matrimonial satisfaction and parents education. There was a meaningful relationship between the amount of understanding necessary for childrens training and childrens behavioral disorders.

The migration of most adult males has signified yet greater importance for the economically dependent group they leave behind in the villages. This research takes as its aim to determine the degree of mutual relationship between migration of men and womens work as exemplified in agricultural and household activities. This paper has concentrated on the effects of mens migration upon womens management; that is, the decision making on agricultural activities in the absence of men. Our examples are drawn from many localities of Mazandaran province, in the under-studied area of East Band-e Pay, where migrant males may be absent for long periods within a year, without affecting the agricultural production. The continuity of economic activity is due to the fact that women replace men, and since women are assumed to be not as strong as men, as well as less skilled in farming, then more individual woman workers must join the work force in order to compensate for the number of absent men. This process, although in different ways, is true of the making and implementation of decisions. The adoption of these roles represents a new area of womens responsibility in many Iranian villages. Hence, social changes are likely to follow.