JOURNAL OF HUMAN SCIENCES
Year:2002 | Volume:- | Issue:35|Papers Count:14

Anthropology and psychoanalysis both study the human behavior, and in this respect, they try to achieve the general rules of this discipline, and so far they have come across interesting aspects according to the researches, often conducted in Europe and Central America.Anthropology, does not do this directly, but it rather considers the access to the intercultural information and identification of cultural elements as a prerequisite for psychoanalytical research. This approach by anthropologists stems from the fact that contrary to the common imagination, anthropology is not merely active in the domain of customs and ceremonies, but due to its holistic specification, it examines all issues of a human entity, and also compares every single particle with its whole, which is called "monography of a unit ".From this point the connection between anthropology and psychoanalysis appears, however, little attention has unfortunately been paid to this connection in Iran. The present article tries to review the history of this connection while justifying the inevitability of using anthropological information in the domain of psychoanalysis.

Current industrial associations in the west originates in the trade guilds, whereas in Iran these associations talks of historical-cultural severance with their past in a different language. Iranian guilds had business ethic with them: Magnanimity and generosity was one of these characteristics, and guild associations were harmonious with the society of that time.Although the Industrial Revolution and arrival of machine in Iran did not have a root in the past history of this territory, and it was introduced in a commercial society, it could not bring a proper ethic, also failing to absorb the order and characteristics of the modern industry of today's world, and its proper associations. The heterogeneity of diverse structures in such a society, reveals its social alienation and anomie. In order to remove this intellectual anomie, civil associations and modern business ethic need to be established.

School curricula should philosophically be a full reflection of all social values, demands and expectations. Therefore, identification of problems and basic social needs is considered as the most pivotal element in decision-making socialized, and prepares them for life in the society by knowledge, values, tendencies and necessary skills.Despite the fact that the philosophy of establishment of the system of education follows the goals of developing citizenship, the volume of measures and conducted studies in this regard is too insufficient and inexpressive inside the country. The present article attempts to show the characteristics and specifications of a good citizen through field surveys and studies. In this respect a broad range of studies conducted on citizenship has been used. The article then tales advantage of comments by educational and social science experts to localize the result for the Iranian society, and finally related characteristics have been classified into three domains of civil knowledge, civil potency and civil outlook. The present research also seeks to identity the amount of attention to development of citizenship in different stages of compilation, execution and evaluation of school curricula. The results show that related characteristics in three general domains of civil knowledge, civil potency and civil outlook have been considered important and fundamental for the Iranian society. The data also show that little attention is paid to the promotion of citizenship values when programs are designed, executed, and assessed, and basic reforms in this regard is mandatory.

The relationship between healing and sickness is a socio- cultural phenomenon. Although scientific medicine is the dominant model in Iran, many other kinds of healing from the folk sector are currently being used.This paper aims to describe various aspects of prayer healing. This field work as an ethnographic study has been done by the participated observation and deep interview techniques with fourteen healers who work in Tehran metropolis. The finding summarized upon description of healers methods of healing, healer-patient relationship and reproduction system. Also some aspects of prayer are compared with biomedicine.

The present article initially deals with primary conceptualizations of filiarchy and related concepts thereof in the literature of social psychology, and upon throws Light on the ambiguous aspects of the previous concepts, as far as the Iranian society is concerned, it defines filiarchy by using the modification of active patterns and particularly structural patterns among the actors Who are themselves influenced by the active patterns. The article in the last two stages offers an operational definition of filiarchy in order to answer certain questions: Is the phenomenon which is considered as filiarchy in our society the same as the phenomenon which is referred to in the west as the filocentric? What are the causes of filiarchy.This article is the result of a field study conducted in the city of Tehran. According to the knowledge and information of the researcher, this phenomenon in its present form has only emerged in Iran without having an identical example in any other places. This article is the first step in this connection, which encourages further studies in order to clarify this phenomenon in other cities and from other aspects.

The role assumed by religion in a society and its effect on the society depend on the extent of religious commitment and obligation of the members of that society. One way to measure this extent is to conduct research on religious beliefs, knowledge and rites in the society.After the Islamic Revolution and following the developments occurred in the already existing values, the role of religion underwent development both in the social and individual aspects. The present article studies the situation of religiousness of the youth after the revolution through an approach called "The research follows a social survey with a sample bulk of 243 students from six disciplines at the Tehran University".

The Study has taken among the students in the Islamic Azad University and the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. The method of study is based on survey research. Data was obtained by questionnaire, and six hypotheses were prepared. To do so, the proportionate stratified sampling has been used to select a sample of 336. The achieving results in this study are as follows:-There is a relationship between bureaucracy, rationality, urbanization and alienation.-There is no relationship between individualism and alienation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that affecting on work culture. Survey approach was applied by using questionnaires along with interviews. The subject's were 400 government employees from Kohkilouych and Bouyer Ahmad Province in Iran.The work culture had been investigated by considering both subjective and objective aspects as general meaning for work commitment, respectively. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. The results showed that factors such as job satisfaction, from both moralistic and materialistic points of view, political satisfaction, nationalistic and religious attitudes, and significant relation with work culture.

This article is resulted from a sociological investigation about social pathology of the adolescents in the one - parental families. The sample was 200 girls and 200 boys from families in which father was dead and the mother had the obligation to administer the whole aspects of the family. The study was conducted in Tehran city (in 17 zones). The purpose of the study was to examine the rate of social pathology of the adolescents in these families and effects of lack of father on tendency of adolescents to deviation. Methods were documentary and survey. The technique of the data collection was standardized questionnaire, in this research probability of existence of significant correlation between lack of father and theft, traffic of drugs, suicide, flight from home, premature sexual relation with the persons of other sex, use drugs, smoking was tested. The result indicated that, rate of traffic of drugs and premature sexual relations with persons of other sex is zero and other variables have significant correlation with the lack of father. The highest rate of deviation is decision to suicide and the lowest rate is related to the theft.the most  variable is capacity of the family to meet material needs of adolescents, which is itself influenced from the lack of father. The rate of control carried out by mother is also a very significant variable. This variable has significant correlation with social pathology among adolescents. Whenever the health of the family is in danger, the health of the society is also in danger. We suggested, thus, some guidelines that is necessary for the state, family, school, religious institutions and adolescents themselves, to apply.

This article studies the impression of television modernism. Sociological studies in the field of the influence of television have paid little attention to the dissemination of the modern culture. The main issue in this research is that whether television has been an element of inculcation of the modern culture in people or not. Questionnaire and interview technique has been used in this survey as a method. The sample bulk included 1047 individuals form the families residing in 22 districts of Tehran. The result of the research reveals that television has been an element of dissemination of the modern outlook. This result turns more meaningful in view of the content of programs.

The rural community in Iran has been subject to cruelty and oppression of governments in different eras throughout the centuries. Despite civil legislations and attention to the issue of welfare and development over the recent century, the rural population unfortunately continue to be neglected by the governments, and ever since the Constitutional Revolution no legislation has been able to solve a single problem in this respect, nor development plans, insurance rights, social participation and other been found.In view of the above, and whereas France is considered as one of the most advanced patterns in the area of rural social insurances, the present article reviews this issue in that country.