Iranian Journal of Sociology
Year:2018 | Volume:19 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:7

Democracy is one of the main topics of interest in contemporary sociology. In this regard, the present study attempts to analyze the sociological tendency amongst Tehrani citizens to democracy. The tendency for democracy has been examined in socio-political opportunities, socio-political freedoms, and secularism terms. We did a survey and conducted a multi-stage cluster sampling to draw a sample. The sample consisted of 604 Tehrani citizens over 20 years old. The results indicated that these citizens have a positive or relatively positive tendency toward democracy. Moreover, the study of social factors affecting the tendency to democracy showed that there is a significant relationship between independent variables of age, cultural capital and economic capital and the dependent variable of the tendency to democracy. The regression results showed that the research regression model consisting of 3 independent variables and one dependent variable is a suitable model and can predict the changes in the tendency for democracy.

The main aim of the present study is to investigate the married people’ s attitude towards emotional divorce. For this purpose, 400 married people were selected from Khorramabad city using a cluster sampling method. The independent variables of the research were social trust, commitment to social norms, and habitus. Also in order to measure the emotional divorce, we constructed a scale based on Chalabi and Baudrillard’ s theories. The descriptive results showed that %41 of married people had a positive attitude toward emotional divorce, while%31 had a negative attitude about it. Multiple regression analysis revealed that %44 of attitudes toward emotional divorce are explained by a decrease in social trust and commitment to social norms and an increase in habitus differences. In a path analysis, social trust has had the most influence and the commitment to social norms have the least effect on the attitude of married individuals to emotional divorce.

The main implications of the Islamic hijab are strengthening the foundation of family, preventing sexual immorality, and preventing female objectification. In this study, we studied women and men’ s perception of veil and sexuality using an inductive approach. For this purpose, we used grounded theory as our research method. The data were collected through deep interviews and direct observation. The population of the study consisted of men and women aged 25-40 years old and the sample included 16 women and 8 men that were selected using theoretical sampling. According to the results, the main theme that explains the relationship between sexuality and the hijab is “ facing sexuality types” . These types include experiencing sexuality, attitudes towards sexuality, and sexual attractions that shape the individuals’ interpretation of hijab and sexuality. In addition to this, the causal factors such as social change, Islamic hijab characteristics, and following peer group and demographic factors like religious affiliation, family upbringing, geographic location, semantic anomy and patriarchal society influence “ facing sexuality types” . The outcomes of the main theme are: having different standards in choosing the dress, classifying hijab types based on the perception of sexuality, using various strategies to manage their clothing, conformity with the existing definition of hijab, and thinking about the hijab concept.

In the sociology of religion, the study of types of religious experiences is of significant importance. Accordingly, the typology of pilgrimage experiences was the main focus of this qualitative empirical study. For this purpose, interview techniques and field observations were used and 28 interviews were done with respondents. We used a combination of indigenous religiosity models, William James's theory as our conceptual framework and focused on the dimensions of attitudes, behaviors, and emotions. The research findings showed various religious experiences in all three dimensions of the pilgrimage experience. Accordingly, the five types of "traditional-habitual pilgrimage", "ritualistic-Sharia pilgrimage", "emotional-spiritual pilgrimage", "functionalist pilgrimage" and "rationalist pilgrimage" were identified.

In the early 19th century, the beginning of modernization has in Islamic countries caused the clergymen and religious forces’ reaction against this phenomenon differently. Generally, some strong opponents and proponents of the rulers and jurists were formed in these countries. In this research study, we examined the role of Islamic Sharia in the modernization process in Iraq and Malaysia as two major Islamic countries. In addition, the research investigated the power of Sharia in those countries. Moreover, it addressed the way of the Muslim clerics, as Sharia defenders treat modernists in these countries. We used Davis s theory of barricades as our conceptual framework. The research findings demonstrated that Sharia has had different functions in Iran and Malaysia, meaning that it helped the modernization process in Malaysia, while it resisted any radical changes.

This article deals with the culture and lifestyle of the upper class in Iran. In this study, the upper class is defined by one's occupation, income, location of residence, house, and car model. We used thematic analysis of the qualitative method. In addition, we selected 22 people as our research sample and carried out semi-structured interviews. Moreover, the concepts of lifestyle and culture were defined based on the theory of Bourdieu, Veblen, and Eliot. Research findings demonstrated that the Iranian upper class has low cultural knowledge and literacy, multi-tastes, and cultural ambivalence. Therefore, it is hard to identify a typology of a distinct lifestyle.