Iranian Journal of Sociology
Year:2009 | Volume:10 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

In the third millennium, it is expected from the holders of knowledge that having social capital, especially in academic areas, while creating new knowledge as a latent capital, they can also play an active role to resolve the community problems. The aim of this research is sociological study of social capital (arise of Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam, and Fukuyama) impact on knowledge creation (arise of Nonaka, Takeuchi &...) in Isfahan university.Research method of this study was survey, statistical population including academic members of Isfahan University (1387) that 142 person of them were selected by Cochran formula, based on random sampling. Technique of the study was questionnaire.Statistical method was including, multiple regression and path analysis. To assess Path Coefficient, LISREL Method Estimated has been used. All of the data set was analyzed (get from questionnaire) by Spss17 software.Result showed that there are significant relationships between social capital and knowledge creation, namely whatever increases social capital, the same extant, increases knowledge creation. R adjusted square showed that 19 percent of variations of dependent variable, explained by independent variables. Other impacts related to another variables, which we did not considered them.

This research aims to answer these question: firstly develoment in the sense of participation development and political competition has gone through what process and has left behind what ups and downs after Constitutional Revolution? Secondly, during this long-term, political development in this country has encountered what impediments and serious challenges? To answer these questions, which are discussed in the realm of political sociology, we used Chandhoke, Moore, Huntington, Skocpol and Lociani theories about civil society's weak points and rentier states authority-as impediments and serious challenges in political development, and finally this hypothesis was proposed that the more concentration and exclusive reliance of government on oil income and the more civil society's base weak, the less the possivility of political development achievement in society: testing of this hypothesis showed in every term that the government was rentirely characterized and became independent of peoples tax and enjoyed central power, it always tighten the realm for civil society activities, therefore, it has hindered establishment of political development, In contrast, when rentiral characteristics and traits of government became somehow less, or the government became weak and experienced financial crisis, the government inclined to levying tax on people and therefore, valued opportunity for growth and evolution of civil society and political development in this country was prepared. To regard development phenomenon and political development as a historical realities which has its roots in long-term social evolutions and transformation, willy-nilly will drive this research to historical research, because it is supposed that political development in every society has its own special history. Therefore, in the framework of this method, we have also scientifically studied six definite, historic courses during (1304-1382) when the country alternately has experienced political expansion and limitation.

Today, the presence of different people at life, work and social places is of crucial importance. Since such diversity may create some conflicts in social situations, it is required to provide coexistence among different individuals through implementation of scientific studies. Using the Putnam social capital theory, the present study tried to study the relationship between the components of social capital and tolerance dimensions. Survey research method was employed and 220 students of Social Sciences at Tehran and Allameh Tabatabaei Universities were sampled in the first semester of the academic year 1387-88. They answered the questionnaire in a self-administered way. The results show that among the components of social capital, institutional trust had a significant negative relationship with all dimensions of tolerance. There was also a direct and significant relationship between participation in formal and informal political networks and tolerance.Regression analysis results indicate that among social capital variables and background variables, institutional trust, age, informal political networks, bonding and bridging social capital were the most important determinants of tolerance.

One of the most challenging measures taken by Reza Shah government, was unveiling of women which were faced with many disagreements in the Iranian society. Having a different view to the issue of unveiling of women, this paper tries to place it at the cultural and literary ground of the Iranian society at the 1910's decade and 1920's until 1940.Then, on that basis, the poetry of the advocates of unveiling of women will be compared with the governmental reasoning at the time of unveiling of women. Also the poetry of the advocates of unveiling of women and the poetry of opponents will be reviewed to show the different discourse and reasoning of both advocates and opponents. Moreover, the bases of the state reasoning for unveiling of women vis-a.-vis the claims presented in the poetry of advocates will be discussed.The analysis of the contents of the poetry of advocates of unveiling of women shows that the contents of these poems included five general grounds: Improving the general and cultural status of women through liberating women and their presence in the society, acquiring science and art and wisdom, denying the relationship between religion and unveiling, the lack of impact of Hijab (Islamic dress) on women's chastity, and finally a tendency towards ancient time and disagreement with Islam.The study of governmental reasoning for unveiling of women indicates the existence of the above-mentioned five elements. In addition, there are two other reasoning, Le. women employment and lack of receiving influence from foreigners'. The reasons for adding these two reasons to the previous ones will be also elaborated in this paper.

Neighborhood is an important aspect of a city's public space that provides the residents with the opportunity for social communication and so it has a main effect in improving the city's social integration. The secondary analysis of data related to thirty neighborhood networks in three selected zones in Mashhad clearly shows the relational integration of neighborhood network is less than the medium limit and is more dependent on weak neighborhood ties. Moreover, value integration of neighborhood networks is weak with respect to the 'relational interests' and 'local commitments', but with regards to 'communality of interests and commitments' is relatively strong. Multivariate analysis of relational and value integration of neighborhood networks indicates that variables such as residential stability, and density, status, ethnic, religious and local variety affect the variation of neighborhood networks integration. Specially, the two first variables, namely the residential stability and status variety, are more important in such variations.

By different factors, as destruction of political position to move, development of communication systems, low cost of translation, inequality of wage level among different countries and demand of labor force, the trend of international migration is increasing as documents indicate. This study is based on pull-push theory and golbalization investigate the factors of stimuliationg tendency of migration of 770 youth of Iran, 18-30 co hart in shiraz and Arsanjan. The findings show that tendency of migration is common as other countries. Only 9 peresent of Iranian youth do not show the tendency to migrate. Men. singels, low incomers high level education, and those ranging in 22-25 age shirazians are more likely to migrate. And among the socio-cultural factors, negative attittude towar socio-cultural, education, economy and politics are more releted to depenent variable. As the findings indicate, in a society as Iran, socio-cultural and educational and enconomic factors have more inffluence on tendency and stimulation of individuals.