PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES
Year:2008 | Volume:4 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

The present research was conducted to compare the boys and girl's performance in Meeker's Structure of Intellect subscales and the validation of these subscales in 3d to 5th grade elementary school students. The sample was consist of 292 boys and girls students. Meeker Structure of Intellect Test have five symbolic-semantic subscales that are based on the widely recognized, Multifactor model of intelligence developed by Guilford (1959). Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference in Meeker's Subscales between girls and boys (P<001). Also, the findings of analysis of variance indicated that there is a significant difference (P<001) between boys and girls in most of Meeker's subscales (csr, css, cmu, cmr and cms). But there were not significant differences in some of the subscales.The concurrent validity method was used for criterion validity which there was a significant correlation between student's teacher rating and Meeker's symbolic-semantic subscales. The results of descriptive data showed that boys means were higher than girl's in all of subscales. Some suggestions presented for increasing of cognitive abilities according to the research findings.

The conducted research indicated that gender is an effective factor, so far as the type of demand and the reason on internet is concerned. Psychologiss belive that the tendency in men to be "on-line" is motivated by such issues as acquiring powe, social position, domination and sex, while women look for supporting friendship and a romantic partner or spouse. Through internet they prefer to hide their true identity and rather introduce themselves with the identity they wish they really had. The aim of this study was to survey of causes of chatting dependency and that relation with self-concept among female students of alzahra university majoring in humanistic. The chatting dependency is a psycho- physiologic disease, there fore it has some symptoms: tolerans, lack of social relation andmore used of daily internet. The research method was a causal- comparative and the tests were conducted by hose who expressed a tendency to cooperate and participate in conducting this research on a volunteer basis. The research samples were comprised of 100 volunteers, taken from the society of emale students who majored in humanities using the tools of Rogers self-cocept & measure of evaluating the dependence on (addict) the internet. The results indicated that there is significant different between self-conept and chatting behavior students. Analyses of data was T-TEST. The main reason for their tendency toward chatting is lack of desirable and diverse amusements, lack of acces to ba close-friend, unemployment, failure to have a comprehensive plan for life. Admission to a field of study which is not of there personal interest and indirect orientation with the features of opposite sex.

The purpose of this study was to determine the predicted power of identity of Shiraz college students by their parents rearing. The sample included 242 shiraz university students (134 female and 108 male) who were selected through clustered-stage-randomized method. The Family Environment Inventory was used to evaluate child rearing dimentions and the Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ) was used to assess identity. Cronbach alpha coefficient and factor analysis were used to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaires respectively. By using simultaneous multiple regression method, predictive power of dimentions of child rearing for identity dimentions were calculated. Results showed that the rejection- acception dimention of child rearing was positive predictor of commitment dimention of identity. control- freedom dimention of child rearing didn't predicted commitment and exploration dimentions.

For studying validity and reliability of GARDOON Personality Questionnaire (Farahani et.al.2004), 2400 girls and boys students in different educational regions in Tehran, completed the 126 revised GARDOON Personality Questionnaire. The promax rotation factor analysis on boys group indicated the 5 principal components as Openness to experience, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Religiousness, and Agreeableness. The conformity factor analysis on girls showed the same results. The reliability of GARDOON for girls and boys were acceptable.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of the drug treatment programs, Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) and Methadone Detoxification (MD), las independent variables on Depression and Anxiety symptoms las deoendent variables in drug dependent individuals. To do so, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was administered to 100 individuals seeking the aforementioned drug treatment programs (50 people per group) at three different time intervals; at the beginning of the treatment, 45 and 90 days afterwards. Repeated measure analysis of variance revealed that, in MMT program, the symptoms of depression was significantly reduced after 45 days and after 90 days this effect was even more robust. Similar results were obtained with regard to anxiety symptoms meaning that in both time intervals anxiety symptoms were significantly diminished. With regards to MD program, depression and anxiety symptoms were also reduced at both time intervals; i.e, at the end of the 90-day program there were a significant reduction of depression and anxiety symptoms. The present results showed that the time factors (45 and 90 days period) were determining factors in the outcome of the program; however, the interaction of the time, group (MMT or MD) and symptoms showed that the factor of group, alone, had no significant effect on the symptoms.

The Present study was designed to investigate Social-Emotional intelligence and its components, as predictors of general mental health dimensions in adults. Method: Bar-on Emotional Quotient Inventory and General Health Questionnaire adiministered 410 Ministry of health officers in 14 provinces throughout Iran. The EQ- i consists of 5 factors and 15 components including intrapersonal (emotional self-awareness, assertiveness, self-regard, self-actualization, independency), interpersonal (empathy, responsibility, interpersonal relations), adaptability (problem solving, reality testing, flexibility) stress management (stress tolerance, impulse control), and general mood factor (happiness, optimism). The GHQ also includes scores for somatic preoccupations, anxiety, social function, and depression. GHQ cut-off point (23) was used to differentiate less mentally healthy (N=94) and more healthy (N= 298) participants to run separate analysis.Results: Stepwise multivariate regression analyses were used for statistical analyses. There was a significant regression effect for EI scales in less healthy group. The best predictors of EI in this group were stress tolerance for general health, impulse control and responsibility for somatic symptoms, optimism and reality testing for social function and happiness for depression, anxiety and general health. Also there was a significant regression effect between EI components and GHQ scales in more mentally healthy group. The best predictors of EI in this group were stress tolerance for all GHQ subscales and total score. Impulse control was found to be predictor of anxiety while depression could be predicted by happiness and realtiy testing was predictor of both social function and general health. Conclusion: Emotional intelligence (EI) is a significant predictor of general mental health, These results suggest that EI enhancement, especially stress management skills, skills in mood-state control and adaptability skills like effective reality- testing for problem solving and flexibility in interpersonal relations, leads to increased mental health. The results revealed somewhat different predictors of mental health for less healthy and more mentally healthy groups. It may also be that such programs will need to be tailored differently to less healthy and more mentally healthy individuals, to maximize intervention benefits.

The purpose of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of university student depression inventory (USDI) and correlation with academic achievement. Sample in this study consists of 442 university students (246 femaleo and 196 males). Exploratory and confirmatory Factor analysis revealed three factors: Academic motivation, cognitive - Emotional and lethargy. Internal consistency and test-re test reliability coefficients were 0.93 and 0.86. Respectively the subscale reliabilities were acceptable. Convergent and divergent validity coefficients were appropriate. From the findings of this study, results shouwed that USDI is a reliable and valid in strument to measure students deression.