ARAK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL (AMUJ)
Year:2014 | Volume:16 | Issue:11 (80)|Papers Count:11

Background: Vascular infections are important factors in mortality and morbidity of immune deficient and hemodialysis patients. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common and most important organism involved in this regard. Nose is the most common location of this organism. The aim of this study was to determine the staphylococcal carriage states hemodialysis patients and control group in Zanjan city.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on patients with chronic renal disease who were referred to hemodialysis wards. Nasal samples were collected with sterile swabs and then were inoculated in the blood agar culture media and incubated at 35-37 celsius degree for 24-48 hours. The same method was done for control group too. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS software.Results: Based on this study, 7.4 percent of patients and 11.1 percent of the control group were nasal carriers of staphylococcus aureus. There was no significant difference between groups. But a statistically meaningful difference was observed in the staphylococcus haemolyticus carriages between groups. The nasal carriage of this organism was more common in the women of case group.Conclusion: Based on this study, there was not high prevalence rate of nasal staphylococcus aureus carriage among hemodialysis patients, and it seems that this organism is not an important agent in hemodialysis wards.

Background: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is widely used for induction of differentiation, growth and proliferation of epithelial cells. Anticancer drug cisplatin induces apoptosis by cross-linking to DNA that it is commonly used for treatment of ovarian, head and neck, esophageal, and gastric cancers and melanoma. Previous studies on ovarian cancer and melanoma cell lines, suggesting additive effects of retinoic acid with cisplatin. The present study is the first study on simultaneous effects of all-trans retinoic acid and cisplatin on human esophageal cancer cell line KYSE-30.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, KYSE-30 cell line was cultured in presence of different concentration of ATRA alone and in combination with cisplatin. Then, cell death was investigated by clonogenic assay and acridine orange/ ethidium bromide staining.Results: The results showed that ATRA concentrations ≥15mM cause differentiation of KYSE30 to squamous cell morphology, while lower concentrations decreases the colony formation (p≤0.05). The best effects on cell death were observed in 10 mM of ATRA of combination with 5 and 10 mg/ml of cisplatin.Conclusions: Concomitant use of low concentrations of retinoic acid and cisplatin increases apoptosis and necrosis, thus reducing the number of cell line KYSE-30 colonies compared with cisplatin alone.

Background: Aging is associated with appetite decline, weight loss, reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass. Ghrelin and obestatin are two peptides that effect appetite. The aim of this study is to investigate the amount of ghrelin, obestatin and some body composition indexes and their relationship in 50 -70 year old athletes and non-athletes men.Material and Methods: In this analytical study, thirty athletes and thirty non-athletes men aging 50-70 years old enrolled to this research. Amount of ghrelin, obestatin and some body composition indexes including weight, muscle mass, fat mass, body fat percent and body mass index were measured.Results: The result of this study showed that muscle mass significantly (P<0.01) and ghrelin insignificantly (P=0.16) were higher in athlete group. In addition, body fat percent was insignificantly lower in athletes group (P=0.13). There was negative relationship between ghrelin and obestatin with muscle mass and positive significant relationship between ghrelin and obestatin with body fat percent in non-athletes group. There was strong relation between ghrelin and obestatin in both groups.Conclusion: Regular participation in basketball training can increase muscle mass in 50-70 years old men. Exercise training can delay aging effects on body composition by increasing some anabolic hormones such as ghrelin and growth hormone and it can change relationship between ghrelin, obestatin and some body composition indexes.

Background & objectives: different parametric, semi-parametric and nonparametric model can be used to survival estimation. Some of these methods may be more appropriate. Using of appropriate model cause to more precise estimation of survival and its affected risk factor. So the aim of this study is to estimate survival probability and to determine of its related risk factors.Material and Methods: In this historical cohort study, 169 patients with colorectal cancer who had treated in Hamadan MRI center from March 2005 to June 2013 were evaluated. Patients were followed periodically. Survival time of patients is considered from diagnosis time to death or end of study. The effect of Demographic and clinical risk factors on survival was assessed. Data were analyzed using Spss16 and R statistical software.Results: The median survival rate was 40±3.4 months. Univariate analysis showed that the effect of staging of tumor, tumor grade, histology type of tumor, metastasis and relapse on survival were significant but in multivariate model histology type of tumor and metastasis were significant.Conclusions: with respect to smaller mean of diagnosis age and longer survival time in this study compared to other studies carried out in Iran. It can be concluded that the early diagnosis of cancer may prevent progression of some related factor with survival time such as stage of tumor and may lead to enlarge of survival time of patients of them.

Background: Occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is defined as the presence of HCVRNA in liver or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the absence of detectable hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) or HCV-RNA in the serum. Although occult HCV infection is less aggressive than classic chronic HCV infection, nevertheless it is important in management of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Occult HCV infection has been described in two different clinical settings: in patients with normal liver enzymes or in patients with abnormal values of liver enzymes. The aim of this study was to detect the occult HCV infection in hemodialysis patients with elevated liver enzymes.Patients& Methods: This cross sectional study was performed in hemodialysis patients referring to 3 dialysis units in Tehran. In 30 anti-HCV negative HD patients with elevated liver enzymes, presence of HCV-RNA in plasma samples was tested by Reverse Transcriptase-Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-nested PCR). In cases with negative anti-HCV and plasma HCVRNA, HCV-RNA was checked in PBMC specimens by RT-nested PCR.Results: A total of 30 HD patients with mean age 54.4 ± 14.1years and mean dialysis duration 81.2 ±64.4 months were enrolled in the study. All HD subjects were negative for HCV-RNA in plasma and occult HCV infection with RT-nested PCR method.Conclusion: Occult HCV infection was rare in HD patients with elevated levels of liver enzymes.

Background: Wolfram syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative autosomal recessive disorder that occurs in association with diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, optic nerve atrophy, hearing loss, urinary tract infection and nervous complications.Case: The present report belongs to a 24 year old girl who was affected by diabetes mellitus in age of 10 years old and has been affected by diabetes insipidus, recurrent UTI, hearing loss and other disorders since 20 years old.Conclusion: Control of blood glucose in proper control of type 1 diabetes and regular fundoscopy for early detection of optic atrophy are important in this syndrome and preparing hearing and vision aids improve the quality of life in these patients.

Background: The prevalence and incidence of cancer in different parts of the world have different patterns. Identifying the frequency of malignancies in different social groups according to climatic conditions is considered as the primary component of prevention programs at different levels.This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology, survival rates and geographical epidemiology of breast cancer in Markazi province.Materials and Methods: In this epidemiological study, data were collected from cancer registration program and death registration data in Markazi province. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 16 and Winpepi and significant level was 0.05. Arcview software was used to draw geographical map to show the breast cancer incidence rate in Markazi province.Results: Of the 400 cases recorded during the 5-year, 8.5% had died due to breast cancer.Five-year survival rate was 87 percent and a there was a significant correlation between survival rate and age. Most records related to the age group 40-49 years and the highest incidence rate was in Arak.The trends of incidence rate was not significant.Conclusion: The results showed that 5-year breast cancer survival rate is more than some other places which could be due to new and improved methods of treatment, methods of screening, and early detection of disease. Other aspects of the epidemiology of the disease is similar to other parts of Iran.

Background: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone density and loss of structural integrity which can increase the risk of bone fracture and its side effects. In the recent studies, new evidences of the relationship between immune system such as TNF-a and IL-17A and bone destruction have been obtained. The aim of present study was to investigate serum level of TNF-a and IL-17A in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.Material & Methods: In this analytical study 40 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and 10 healthy women were enrolled to the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The serum level of TNF-a and IL-17A were measured by ELISA method and compared between groups.Results: The mean serum level of TNF-a in case and control group was 957.7±489.01 and 418.09±176.7 pg/ml respectively which was significantly more in case group (p=0.001). The mean serum level of IL-17A in case and control group was 95.23±36.7 and 125.7±30.6 respectively which was significantly less in case group (p=0.019).Conclusion: The serum level of TNF-a in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis was more than healthy women which mention to the role of TNF-a in pathogenesis of osteoporosis and potential therapeutic role of anti TNF-a agents but because of unclear role of IL-17A in pathogenesis of osteoporosis, we can not explain its mechanism in pathogenesis of osteoporosis, so, more studies with regard to role of IL-17A in bone metabolism are required.

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is chronic cyclical pelvic pain associated with menstruation in absence of an identifiable pathological condition. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea among athletes and non-athlete girls and its relation with body composition.Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 223 healthy students aging 20-30 years old from Guilan university randomly divided to two groups (72 athletes and 151 non-athletes). The athletes group engaged in regular physical activity for at least one year, three sessions a week and the non-athletes group were not engaged in any sports activity. Data were collected by questionnaire and anthropometric measurements.Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was lower in athletes than non-athletes group (61.1% vs.88.8%, p<0.001). A significant difference was observed in mood symptoms, physical symptoms and severity of pain between two groups (p<%5). Also there was statistically significant relationship between body fat and physical symptoms of dysmenorrhea in both groups. However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between physical symptoms of dysmenorrhea, BMI and WHR.Conclusion: It seems that performing regular exercise can be used as a preventing, treating or supplementary method in control of the early dysmenorrhea.

Background: Today, the self-assessed health status is a standard part of epidemiologic and community based studies. This study was done to determine and Analysis the health related quality of life in Qom city.Materials and Methods: This study was an analytical cross sectional that was carried out on 340 people over 18 years of age in Qom city entered the study by filling the questionnaires. To collect data a two-part questionnaire was used that the first part was about demographic data including age, sex, marital status, education, occupation and place of residence and second part, the second version of the SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life.Results: Generally, considering the all aspects of quality of life in this study, Results showed that the mean (±SD) of quality of life was 67.69±14.78. This average was 67.28±15.91 in men and 67.97±14.03 in women which There was statistical significance between the mean of quqlity of life in them (p=0.030).Conclusion: In this study the scores of women and single subjects were higher than other people. By the Persian version of 2nd version of SF-36 questionnaire, the quality of life of people in different situations might be realized and impact of different demographic factors on quality of life could be measured.