COUNSELING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2019 | Volume:18 | Issue:70 |Papers Count:10

Goal: The goal of the present research is to determine the components of loneliness of teenage girls based on their lived experiences Method: the present research was a qualitative research and the phenomenological method was used to conduct it. The sampling was goal-oriented i. e. the UCLA loneliness questionnaires were completed by teenage girls whose average age was 16 of whom 30 people whose loneliness grades were above the cut-off point were selected as the research population. The main research tool was interviewing and the data were saturated after 15 interviews and coding using the grounded theory. Findings: The findings of the present research showed that the components of loneliness of teenage girls based on their lived experiences appear in the following order: 1-Loneliness in the family, 2. Communicative/social loneliness, 3. Emotional/personal loneliness. Considering the results of the interview and the thorough investigation into the loneliness experiences of teenage girls, it seemed that they mostly suffered from loneliness in the family like the feelings of being dismissed, ignored, blamed and also the feeling of mistrust of them on the part of their families. They deeply felt in their relationships and social environments that their needs for a companion and supporter were not met, and they suffered from finding no common grounds with others; also, they were unable to forge relationships with others and felt lonely despite being surrounded by people. Also, they experienced some emotions such as mistrust of others, hopelessness and surrender to loneliness and they were unable to express their feelings. Conclusion: Feeling lonely in the family constituted an important part of the loneliness of teenage girls after which the communicative/ social and emotional/ personal factors take precedence respectively. With regard to the fact that the present research has been conducted in the cultural context of Iran, it seems necessary to consider the above-mentioned components in the therapeutic interventions and educational programs to prevent or treat the loneliness of teenage girls.

Objectives: The aim of the current meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of parent education programs on children's externalized disorders. This research, using the meta-analysis technique and by integrating the results of various researches, determines the size of the effect of parent education programs. Method: A total of 21 acceptable methodologies were selected and meta-analysis was performed on them. Data retrieval sources, SIDs, Noormags, Magiran, and the comprehensive Humanities Portal (ensani. ir). Data analysis and calculation of effect size were performed using the CMA2 software and the Hedges g index. Results: The findings from this meta-analysis showed that the effect of parent education programs on extraversion impairment (1. 17) is at a significant level of 0. 00, which is evaluated in accordance with the Cohen table of the large effect size. The highest magnitude of the effect was 6. 38 at a significant level of 0. 00, which is estimated at a large magnitude (higher than 0. 8). The lowest effect size was 0. 77 and the significance level was 0. 33, which is a small effect (less than 0. 2). Conclusion: It seems that parent education programs can be used as a suitable method for preventing extraversion disorders in educational and therapeutic centers.

Introduction: Given that the internet addiction affects different aspects of human life, adolescents among different age groups are most vulnerable because of internet's allure and special characteristics of their age. So, the aim of this study was to predict of internet addiction based on perceived social support and father bonding. Method: In this study, among all students of Shiraz high schools, 187 students (107 boy and 80 girl) were chosen by multistage cluster sampling, and they were asked to fill Young’ s internet addiction test, Zimet’ s perceived social support and Parker’ s parental bonding (with father) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 whit step by step statistical regression test, independent T-test and Central and dispersion indexes. Finding: the results of regression analyses showed that father bonding and the subscale of friends from perceived social support didn’ t predict internet addiction, but the subscale of family (β =-0. 28, ρ <0. 01) and important person (β =0. 19, ρ <0. 01) predicted internet addiction. And finally Based on independent T-Test there wasn’ t any significant differences between girls and boys in the use of the internet. Results: this study indicated that family and important people’ s support are very important for prevention of internet addiction in teen girls and boys.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate The effectiveness of cognitive self-compassion on general health of woman headed households (somatization, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression) of Female Headed Households headed by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of study included all the Female-headed households under coverage of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee was formed in Rasht city in the second half 2015 year, That among them by using available, 30 female were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (15 individuals) and control group (15 individuals). The experimental group had received 8 sessions of Cognitive Self-Compassion Program. General Health questionnaire used to data gathering. Data were analyzed by multivariable co-variance test. Finding: Findings indicated that the research hypothesis of effect of Cognitive Self-Compassion Program on Mental Health (somatization, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression) of Female-headed households had been proven and Female-headed households of experimental group in comparison with control group, in posttest had a significantly less somatization, anxiety, social dysfunction, depression. Conclusion: So, we can conclude that Cognitive Self-Compassion Program has a significant effect on Mental Health of Female-headed households.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy on well-being and depression and in adolescents with depression symptoms Method: This was a quasi-experiment with pretest /posttest method and control group. Study sample included all the adolescents with depression who referred to counseling centers and psychiatric services in sari, Iran, in the year 2017. 51 patients were selected using random sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The positive psychotherapy experimental group was under treatment within 10 sessions, and the cognitive behavior experimental therapy was under treatment within 8 sessions, each session of 90 minutes weekly, while the control group received no treatment. The data collecting instruments used in this study were children´ s depression inventory (CDI) and Riff´ s psychological well-being questionnaire (RSPWB). Findings: Data analysis by using multivariate covariance method showed that both positive psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy had significant effects on increasing well-being but the efficiency of positive psychotherapy in increasing well-being was more significant compared to cognitive behavioral therapy. Also, in the analysis the two methods of psychotherapies on depression, there has been a significant difference between the control and the experiment groups. While the two therapetical approaches were equally effective in reducing depression. Conclusion: Due to emphasis on the different psychological aspects and some common treating features, the two therapetical models of positive psychotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy were equally effective in reducing depression. But positive psychotherapy is more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in increasing psychological well-being. So, as one of the clinical interventions, positive psychotherapy can be used by experts and school counselors.

Objective: This study examined the couple took power in the relationship. Although Islam has entrusted the overall management of life to men, and its purpose is to enter about religious and customary in this field, but the chaff power takes a couple abnormal and pathological. How about that power couples to occur? And community and social gender learning how to influence couples? And a variety of power will be analyzed in relation to the test, whether the power couples in marital therapy is only a question of social justice, moral or physical therapy is an important issue? Are changes in marital satisfaction and mental health in couples therapy can cause? Methods: In this study is content analysis, and library. Results: In this regard, the new texts were a couple of power in the relationship. The strength of the relationship is a reflection of how the needs, interests and goals of a person over another. Relationship therapy approach social-emotional new approach in marital therapy work with couples and create a relationship of power in relation to the acts, will be introduced. Conclusion: When the power balance is distributed, each of the couples will be able to with your spouse become involved in issues that are important to them, And both feel they have the same right to express ideas, needs and feelings of their own, and thus marital satisfaction and family security will be established.

Individual identity is self-explanatory by emphasizing its difference from others. In this study, we examine the impact of nationalism on the degree of individual differentiation by communicating comm: : : : union: : : : and social identity. The research method of correlation method is structural equation modeling. The statistical population includes all citizens over 15 years of age in the provinces of the country on the census data of population and housing in 2011. The Cochran formula has been used to determine the sample population. The final sample size is 1300 samples and the researcher made questionnaire. To analyze the results, a path analysis model has been used. According to the results of this study, there is a direct and positive relationship between the identity and individual identity of the whole of the model, which means that as the national identity dimension increases, the degree of individual differentiation increases, and vice versa. Also, the results of this research show that individual identity differentiation was directly and negatively from the aspect of identity traditionalism with standard coefficient (0. 087), national dimension of identity, direct and negative with standard coefficient (-0. 96) The indirect religious variable of identity is directly and positively influenced by the standard coefficient (0. 166), the ethnic ethic variable is directly and positively correlated with the standard coefficient (0. 776). Individual identity is also indirectly influenced by the variables of the national dimension of identity, the religious dimension of identity and communicative communication. The proposed model of the national identity dimension is sufficient, but it is possible to expand on the other variables, such as mass communication, traditionalism, ethnicity, identity and the religious dimension of the identity of the research model.