JOURNAL OF RAFSANJAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND HEALTH SERVICES
Year:2014 | Volume:13 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

Background and Objective: A hidden curriculum is a side effect of an education, which are learned but not openly intended” such as the transmission of norms, values, and beliefs conveyed in the classroom and the social environment. It also includes social implicit and educational atmosphere that is not written but is felt by all. The aim of this study was to explain students' experiences from hidden curriculum in university.Materials and Methods: This is qualitative study on medical and paramedical students of Jahrom Jniversity of Medical Sciences. Data gattering was from focus group sessions (5 group, 4-6 member) mixed with individual interview (deep semi structured interview) on 25 students which continued to the point of data saturation. Data were analyzed using content analysis.Results: As a result during data analysis from 93 code, 6 thems and multiple subthemes were emerged: The value of teachers, errors management, value and cultural conflicts, teachers' role model, social interaction and learning, and routine tasks.Conclusion: The results were expressed about the dimensions of hidden curriculum may have many challenges in different aspects of the scientific, social and educational for students. The hidden curriculum therfore needs attention to produce the necessary fundamental changes in the culture of undergraduate medical education.

Background and Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common causes of chronic liver injury throughout the world. In this study, the preventive effects of green tea extract on fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet is assessed in the rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided to: Healthy control, Feeding with high fat diet, Feeding with high fat diet plus Clofibrate treatment and Feeding with high fat diet plus Green tea extract treatment groups. The rats treated with either high fat diet for induction of hepatic steatosis and high fat diet plus Clofibrate or Green tea extract for prevention of liver steatosis, at a period of 6 weeks. At the end of experiment, Serum lipid profile, serum biomarkers of liver tissue injury and hepatic antioxidant activity were statistically compared among the groups using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-tests.The biochemical findings were matched with histopathological verifications.Results: In the rats fed with high-fat diet hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were created. In these animals, increased serum levels of hepatocellular enzymes and significant reduction in antioxidants as well as elevated hepatic lipid peroxidation index were encountered (p=0.001). Extract treatment significantly reduced elevated markers of liver tissue injury (p=0.023) and malondialdehyde (p=0.032), and brought back the liver antioxidants (p=0.028) and the over accumulation of serum lipids towards normal. Histopathology of the liver confirmed the changes induced by high fat diet and the preventive effect of green tea extract.Conclusion: Preventive effect of green tea on fatty liver disease in the rats fed with high fat diet is related to its antioxidant properties.

Background and Objective: Studies indicated that physical activity influences sleep quality and inflammatory markers, but not have been studied much the relationship between sleep quality and inflammatory markers caused by physical activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality with interleukin-1b and C-reactive protein in active and non-active men.Material and Methods: The present study is cross-sectional. Twenty-two healthy males aged 32-38 years participated voluntarily in this study, and were divided into two non-active (n=11) and active (n=11) groups. The non-active group were without sports history and the active group had more than two years of moderate-intensity aerobicexercise history (moderate aerobic training 45 minutes/day, 3days/week). Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects. Serum C-reactive protein and interleukin -1 beta was measured by ELISA method and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality. The research data were analyzed using the independent t test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression.Results: IL-1 b (p=0.015) and CRP (p=0.043) concentrations under the effect of physical activity in the active group compared to the non-active group showed a significant decrease. The Sleep Quality Index score was significantly lower in the active group compared to non-active group (p=0.021). A Significant relationship was observed between sleep quality score, IL-1 b (r=0.571, p=0.033) and CRP (r=0.613, p=0.012) concentrations in active men.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that there is a significant relationship between sleep quality with IL-1 b and CRP levels in active men so that it may improve sleep quality by reduction in inflammatory markers.

Background and Objective: Fungal pathogenesis is based on the fungal compliance with environmental conditions and resistance to host cell defenseIn this study, the freguency of Nosocomial Fungal Infections in hospitals are discussed.Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 180 patients with suspected fungal infections. Direct smear and culture samples were taken for mycology studies and simultaneously Candida species were identified by diagnostic methods, such as chromium agar and RFLP-PCR.Results: Out of 134 cases of fungal infections, 53 cases (39.5%) of nosocomial infection and 81 cases (60.5%) of community acquired infection had been reported. The most common nosocomial infection was in the ICU ward of Hospitals. The only major cause of nosocomial fungal infections in this study, was genus Candida.Conclusion: There are significant differences in ferguency of nosocomial infection among the wards. Due to the possibility of the fungal colonization spread and septicemia caused by fungi, the prognosis of these infections nd treatment of them if needed, is an important step in preventing possible risks of these infections.

Background and Objective: The quality of the scientific journals is an index for scientific production of a country. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of all approved the commission of medical journals published in Islamic Republic ofIran during 2011.Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional and all the approved Persian and English language medical journals published during 2011, in Islamic Republic of Iran were studied. A checklist was completed for each of the journals. Data were analyzed using X2, independent t test, one-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact test.Results: Out of 212 evaluated journals 89 (41.98%) were in English and 123 (58.02%) were in Persian. Twenty seven English journals (38.6%) and 43 (61.4%) Persian journals had delayed publications. Overall, 89 journals (41.9%) were considered as type 1 journals. Seventy three point seven of grade 3 journals were published in Persian (28 journals). Most journals (176, 83%) were indexed in SID and least (23, 10.8%) in Pubmed. Only 48 journals (22.6%) had indicated a conflict of interest at the end of their articles.Conclusion: Compared to Persian journals, English language journals and monthly journals in comparison with semiannual journals had higher standards.

Background and Objective: Since past time, herbal plants have been used for the treatment of different abnormalities such as gastrointestinal disorders. One of these herbs which used in Iranian traditional medicine is Trachyspermum ammi. There are many biological studies conducted for the determination of its pharmacological properties. The present study was designed to find out the effects of methanolic fraction derived from Trachyspermum ammiessense on mechanical activity of the isolated rat’s ileum.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, for evaluation of spasmolythic property of fraction, different doses of the solution were added to organ bath after acetylcholine with concentration of 10-4 molar (M) and for assesment of antispasmodic effect of fraction, different doses of the solution were added to the organ bath before acetylcholine with concentration of 10-9 upto 10-2 M, then isotonic contraction of ileum were recorded through an isolated tissue chamber in an organ bath by using isotonic transducer and oscillographic device. The results were compared with thymol as a positive control.Results: Our findings showed that different concentration of metanolic fraction of Trachyspermum ammi 0.002, 0.005 & 0.01% on acetylcholine 10-4 M induced contraction in rat’s ileum resulted in reduced contraction by the essense from concentration of 0.002% and higher. So that the concentration of 0.002% was reduced to 59.8% (P<0.05) and concentration of 0.01% was reduced to 77.5% (P<0.01). in addition thymol in concentration of 10-5 M & 10-4 M as compared with metanolic fraction of 0.002, 0.005 & 0.01% had no significant effect on acetylcholine induced contraction.Conclusion: Methanolic fraction derived from Trachyspermum ammi essense has spasmolythic and antispasmodic property.

Background and Objective: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the main causes of mortality in different humancommunities. Factor V Leiden, MTHFR C677T polymorphism and PLA2 polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa are important inheritance risk factors of VTE. As limited data of homozygous factors exists, the aim of the study was to investigate the association between homozygous polymorphisms and VTE in Shahrekord.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, EDTA venous blood was taken from 72 patients with venous thromboembolismreferred to Shahrekord Hajar Hospital, and 306 age and sex matched healthy volunteers. Genotyping of factor V Leiden, MTHFR C677T and PLA2 polymorphisms was done by PCR-RFLP.Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics and X2 test.Results: There was a significant difference between patients and controls in the number of homozygous polymorphisms with the frequency of16.77% and 4.90%, respectively (P=0.004). Homozygous FVL was more prevalent in patients than controls, but the difference was not significant. A significant difference was observed in the frequency of homozygous MTHFR C677T and PLA2 polymorphisms between the patients and controls (P=0.03 and P=0.001, respectively). The difference was not significant in the frequency of heterozygous polymorphisms except for PLA2.Conclusion: The results of the study show the association between homozygous MTHFR and PLA2 thrombophilia polymorphisms and VTE in Shahrekord. Acquired risk factors may need to be controlled in homozygous carriers of these polymorphisms. Homozygous VTE carriers may need to be managed differently than other patients.

Background and Objective: Today researchers consider sports as one of the methods of reinforcing psychological parameters development. The purpose of the present study was to compare psychological wellbeing in the athlete and non-athlete (ordinary) students.Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study and the statistical population included all high school students of Miyandoab city during2012-2013 educational year. The statistical sample of the research included 100athlete student and 100 non-athlete student who were selected through multistage cluster sampling. The participants answered Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale (with 0.68 reliability). Data were analyzed using independent two sample t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).Results: Results of t-test revealed that psychological well-being of the athlete students (81.86±14.89) was significantly higher than non-athlete students (76.13±9.22) (p<0.001). Results of multivariate analysis of variances indicated that positive relationship with others and purpose in life of athlete students (13.82±3.89and 14.97±3.43, respectively) were significantly higher than non-athlete students (11.74±2.73and 12.50±2.80 respectively) (p<0.001), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of selfacceptance, environmental mastery, personalgrowth and autonomy (p>0.05).Conclusions: The results revealed that athlete students were in better position with regard to psychological wellbeing, positive relationship with others and purpose in life than non-athlete students.