MODARRES HUMAN SCIENCES
Year:2006 | Volume:9 | Issue:4 (Tom 43)|Papers Count:9

Investigation of the morphological evidences on the quaternary glacial of Iran has been of interest to many researches. However, the origin of such studies can be attributed to Domorgan (1890) and Bobek (1955). In the same vein, over the past ten years, Iranian researchers have conducted deeper studies on the changes in the climatic conditions of Iran in the quaternary. The analysis of the obtained climatic data currently registered in Iran, on one hand, and the existence of locations with remarkable differences in terms of temperature with adjacent regions, on the other, have attracted the attention of geomorphologists to such areas, as well as to their distribution in Iran. It is evident that, by focusing on the estimated environmental temperature, one can guess that these areas have also had greater temperature characteristics during the cold periods in the past relative to their adjacent regions. The regions which show greater temperature than their adjacent areas are called cold troughs. If the annual temperature of these cold troughs is less than 5°C and their surfaces are flat, then we can formulate a hypothesis for the existence of ice capes. This paper aimed at identifying the cold troughs in Iran and investigating their geomorphic characteristics in order to find evidences on the possibility of the existence of previous ice caps in these areas. The results revealed, for the first time, the presence of ice caps evidence over Namdan Plain.      

Detection of land use/cover changes in many different studies is one of the basic needs for environmental monitoring and management. Conversion of agricultural lands is one of the main issues related to urban planning. In this study an attempt has been made to study land use/cover changes through image processing techniques. Two lands at TM images of Isfahan area provided in 1990 and 1998 were atmospherically rectified and registered on each other. Images were then classified to ten different land use/cover classes using Bayesian classification algorithm. Training sites were generated using fuzzy logic approach. A post classification comparison approach was then used to create a change map. The results show a dramatic change on agricultural lands in this area during this period.      

Using of geomorphological flood studies including the recent advances in paleoflood hydrology are needed as a complement to conventional hydrological approaches. The factors effective on the Rais Kola watershed floods are divided into two categories: 1) drainage basin factors 2) river channel factors that are affected by lithology and tectonic and have played an important role on landform formation. To estimate the discharge through, paleostage indicator (PSI) and botanical methods several cross-sections of the studied channels on different reaches were used. Shear stress and stream power were estimated on the different reaches using HEC-RAS software. Then erosional effects and depositional forms generated by flood were investigated. The results showed that using paleostage and flow-competence could illustrate magnitude of flood in steep and small mountain rivers. The correct identification of flow processes is essential for proper design and accurate delineation of hazard zones.      

Landform maps show the earth's surface phenomena and nature of the processes that have been working to produce them. These maps are valuable in spatial planning, agricultural purposes, environmental conservations and forecasts and natural hazards prevention. The study area is a vast province of semnan/Iran (area: 96816 km2) with different physiographical conditions from mountainous areas to playas and desert landscapes. Because of difficulties for deep field surveys and time limitation, investigation of the region was done by RS data and some geomorphologic sampling. So, RS data with high spectral characteristics such as LANDSAT were used and combined with those of high spatial resolution such as IRS-PAN in ER-MAPPER 6.3 for better analysis and enhanced classification of geomorphologic features of the study area. Therefore, the region was classified in to 27 classes in ARCNIEW 3.2a.Then; the results were loaded in Arc Inf07.2.1 in order to generate a GIS-ready system. Also, DEM of the region was produced using topographic maps for further studies. The produced landform maps can be used for many environmental plans and reasonable adaptation by real world.      

The aim of this paper was to study the time detection for the arrival and initiation of Siberian high pressure activities in southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Therefore, the temperature and pressure data were collected from Anzali, Babolsar and Gorgan stations for the September, October, November and December months during the statistical periods of 1971 to 1980. The criteria for Siberian high pressure current were the presence of the ridge system with the isobar line of minimum 1020hp. in southern coasts of Caspian Sea, along with the establishment of a Siberian high pressure core cell in the eastern longitude of 60° to 120° and northern latitude of 40° to 60° in the region. Whenever the changes in temperature and pressure of stations occurred simultaneously by a penetration of Siberian high pressure ridge on the region, the time had been registered as the arrival time of Siberian high pressure to the southern coasts of Caspian Sea. Accordingly, the second decade of October (third decade of Mehr) was recognized as the initiative stage of Siberian high pressure activities in the region with the highest frequency of 50% during the statistical period.      

One of the most important stages of planning process (in all levels) is the evaluation of plans and programs. This process helps to improve plans, decision making and the possibility and reality of plans. Evolution can be accounted as an important factor in modifying the weak points in development plans and increasing the monitoring process. Rural development planning has recently encountered serious challenges such as: employment, participation of local peoples, increase of rural products, poverty alleviation, empowering individuals and trying to decrease regional disparities between the rural and urban areas. In Iran, various governmental organizations in rural areas have been active after the land reform and all of them tried to achieve their special goals. Social welfare organization is one of the most important organizations among them. This organization with its rural social welfare complex provides services to the rural residents. The present research attempted to study a rural welfare complex as a governmental organization and evaluate its role in rural development and social welfare of all villagers, specially the target groups. Therefore, the rural welfare complexes of Sojas, Karasf and Garmab in Khodabandeh suburb were studied using retrospective panel method and through measuring changes in time during TI (before under coverage) and T2 (after under coverage). The analysis of the social- cultural and economic indicators showed that the function of these complexes are significant in the social affairs of the villagers and ensuring their basic need's compared with other factors CL=%5.      

The present research aimed at studying the roles and effects of El Nino- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Atmospheric and oceanic Circulation phenomenon in the changeability of inter seasonal spring rainfalls in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. The results of applying Pearson analysis indicated positive and significant correlations between Nino1+2 and Nino 3 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) indices and spring precipitation in the stations under study, which is an indicative of the increase in spring precipitation during the occurrence of El Nino (positive or warm phase in ENSO), and precipitation reduction during the negative or La Nina (cold phase). Also, the results showed that the maximum correlation of spring precipitation with the ENSO SST indices existed in Mianeh and Maragheh Stations and the minimum correlation were in Sarab Station. The calculated correlation coefficient rates between the spring precipitation and ENSO SST indices indicated the effect of latitude (geographical factors) on the amount of affectedness from ENSO, meaning that in East Azerbaijan, the amount of correlation increases from east to west and from north to south, the maximum of which can be seen in Mianeh Station.  

Tabriz-Marand road is a remarkable strategic road which provides a surface link between the lowlands of Tabriz and Marand plains. This is achieved by a crossing of the Payam pass. The study area is characterized by high mountains, Quaternary sediment deposits, slope instability and active geomorphologic processes. The problems for road construction and other improvement activities have been compounded by floods, debris flows, mass wastings, tectonic activity, retrogressive erosion and human incorrect repairs. This paper is mainly concerned with investigation and evaluation of geomorphologic problems, geomorphic effects of roadline construction and other engineering activities, and environmental hazards resulting from geomorphological factors. This survey clearly reveals the importance of a good appreciation of geomorphological processes to road construction in high mountains. It also indicates the potential for geomorphological inputs to road and highway design.    

Evaluation is one of the important stages in the process of planning, which helps to optimize plans and make proper decisions and increases the possibilities and realizability of the plans. Lack of attention to this fact in the past decades, has caused heavy socio- economic and environmental costs for the body of our Islamic society, in such a way that it has confronted the country's management with non-optimal decision-making. Paying more attention to evaluation and then it's institutional Sation can greatly help to decrease these costs. Evaluation of governmental organizations performance can play a significant role in optimizing of decisions and increasing people's satisfaction. In order to provide a scientific explanation to the imposed costs coming from missing links in the country's planning management, an attempt was made in the present research to evaluate the performance of rural well-being complexes as governmental organizations, which have a long history in providing services for villagers. Also an attempt was made to examine the factors affecting these complexes from different aspects such as the viewpoint of villagers and personnel of the complexes. For this purpose, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was used. The villages of Kavardeh, Imam Taghi and Deheshk in Mashad Township were chosen for the field study. The findings indicated that socio-economical, physical and organizational factors are significantly effective on the function of the studied well-being complexes.