JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2011 | Volume:13 | Issue:4 (61)|Papers Count:16

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A few samples of oral lichen planus and lichenoid reactions may be change to malignancy. Histopathological diagnosis is a tool for diagnosis but it is not correct for segregation of these lesions. The aim of this survey was to examine immunohistochemistry expression of P53 and P63 in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions according to different aetiopathogenesis, clinical behavior and neoplastic changes of these diseasesMETHODS: The cross sectional study was done on 80 cases (40 cases of oral lichen planus and 40 cases of oral lichenoid lesions) gotten from pathology department of Babol dental faculty and Shahid Beheshti hospital. Slices gotten from paraffined block stained by P63 and P53 antibody, using immunohistochemical procedure. The percent of stained cells in basal layer, supra basal layers and inflammatory inflammation was graded. when none of cells were stained (-); the stained cells were included <10% of the total cell population (+); when the stained cells were included from 10% to 25% of the total cell population (++); when the stained cells were included from 26% to 50% of the total cell population (+++); and (++++) for the stained cells were accounted >50%. The obtained results were assessed and compared.FINDINGS: The expression of P53 in oral lichen planus was more than oral lichenoid lesions, (p<0.0001), but there was not significant statistical relation regarding to P63 expression between oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions (p=0.379). Expression of P53 and P63 in two types of oral lichen planus (Reticular, Erosive) did not have significant difference (p>0.05). The expression of P53 in oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions, in basal layer was more than suprabasal layer and inflammatory infiltration and in suprabasal layer was more than inflammatory infiltration. The same result gotten about P63 expression (p<0.05). The rate of P53 in oral lichen planus, in basal layer (p=0.012) suprabasal layers (p<0.0001) and inflammatory infiltration (p=0.003), was more than oral lichenoid lesions, but there was not significant statistical relation between oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions in expression ofP63 in basal layer, supra basal layer and inflammatory infiltration.CONCLUSION: The results showed the coordination activity of P63 and P53 proteins to protect oral mucosa from harmful effects of inflammation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most of analgesics have side effects and introducing new drugs is essential. Euphorbia helioscopia is a medicinal plant which is used by people in Chaharmahal Bakhtiary province of Iran as a painkiller. This experiment was performed to study the analgesic effect of an alcoholic extract from the aerial parts of Euphorbia helioscopia by formalin test.METHODS: In an experimental study 100 Balb/c mice were divided into 10 groups as follows: group 1 received distilled water, group 2 to 7 received 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 2 and 8mg/mouse of alcoholic extract, respectively. Group 8 received 6 mg/kg ibuprofen, group 9, 1 mg/kg naloxone and group 10 received naloxone and extract. The pain related behavior was counted for a period of 30 min, following injection of 20 microliter of 1.5% formalin. The data obtained in case groups were compared with the ones in control group. The plant was extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96%. The extract was then concentrated and reconstructed in normal saline to produce different desired concentrations.FINDINGS: In the first 5 minutes (acute period) of the experiment 8mg/mouse of the extract and in the following 25 minutes, 0.1 and 8mg/mouse of the extract reduced pain reaction, compared to control group (p<0.05). Naloxone had no effect on this effect ofthe extract.CONCLUSION: Euphorbia helioscopia has antinociceptive activity that is not due to interaction with opioid system.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: CYP3A is responsible for hepatic microsomal metabolism of more than 50% of drugs which are its specific substrate. Metabolic activity of this enzyme depends on several factors. Since it has not been done a systematic study of the enzyme activity in Iranian population, this study was conducted to investigate the enzyme activity in a small sample of Mazandarani population (from north of lran) using midazolam (MDZ) blood levels as an important probe.METHODS: This study was done on 100 Mazandarani healthy volunteers. After recoding individual information (age, sex and weight), subjects were given 100 ml syrup containing 10 mg midazolam. Blood samples were taken after 0.5, 2 and 6 hr after drug administration and plasma concentrations of midazolam were measured using HPLC method. Oral clearance of midazolam (CL/F) as criteria of the enzyme activity was assessed using P-Pharm software.FINDINGS: The mean (SD) of age was 24.5±6.9 years. Eighteen persons were female. All the subjects experienced some degrees of sedation. The mean (SD) of clearance of MDZ was 77.22±20.98 l/h and clearance of MDZ in female (83.79±15.19 l/h) was higher than male (75.68±21.85 l/h) (p<0.001). Total volume of distribution (Vd) and elimination half life were 312.65±50.44 and 2.96 ± 0.68, respectively.CONCLUSION: According to the results, a normal phenotype of CYP3A activity was observed in the Iranian participants in this study. The clearance of oral MDZ and/or CYP3A activity is higher in female subjects than in males.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has an inhibitory role in homeostasis of T-cell response and regulatory T cells and regulation of immune response against viral infections. Codon 10 of protein is located in the signal peptide and involved in secretion of cytokine. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of leu-pro polymorphism of codon 10 and hepatitis C susceptibility in patients.METHODS: This case-control study was performed on 112 chronic hepatitis C patients and 122 healthy control subjects. TGF-β1 gene was amplified with PCR method and genotypes were determined using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) with MspA1I restriction enzyme.FINDINGS: The frequency of CT genotype in both groups was higher than CC and TT. Genotyping results for CC, CT and TT states in patients was 50%, 19.6% and 30.4% and in healthy controls was 59%, 13.9% and 27.1% respectively. We found no significant difference between patients and healthy controls according to codon 10 polymorphism.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, no relationship was found between this protein's genetic variations and chronic hepatitis C infection susceptibility.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nearly one third of the world's population has serologic evidence of past or present infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The newborn hepatitis B immunization is a critical strategy to reduce the global morbidity and mortality associated with hepatitis B. There are many studies in favor of less immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in preterm than term infants. This study was performed to evaluate the immune response in preterm infants to Hepatitis B vaccine.METHODS: This cohort was done on 71 preterm neonates with gestational age less than 37 weeks and birth weight equal or less than 2000 gram and 72 term neonates with gestational age equal or more than 37 weeks and birth weight equal or more thon 2500 gram. Sampling method was simple. Excluding criteria was including neonates of HBsAg positive mothers, infants who received less than 3 dose of vaccine and infants who received immunoglobulin or blood products. In both preterm and term groups sampling for anti-HBs was done and titer of >10 mIU/mL considered as immune response to hepatitis B vaccine. Two groups were compared according to gestational age, sex and birth weight.FINDINGS: Neonates in both preterm and term groups shown 100% response to vaccination. Immune response to vaccination have no correlation with gestational age (r=-0.112, p=0.182) and birth weight (r=-0.136, p=0.106). Mean anti HBS titer was 660±409.3 mIU/mL in preterm group and 565.4±567.9 miu/mL in term group that showed no significant difference. In preterm group mean anti-HBs titer showed no significant difference (p=0.316) between low birth weight (1500-2000 gram), very low birth weight (1000-1500 gram) anal extremely low birth weight (<1000 gram) in preterm group. Mean anti-HBs titer show no significant difference between male and female (p=0.368), but in term group this difference was significant (p=0.007).CONCLUSION: In our study, immune response to hepatitis B vaccination was similar (100%) in preterm and term infants.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that selective sigma receptor agonists have neuroprotective properties in permanent or transient models of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Neuroprotective effects of sigma receptor agonists in the embolic model of stroke have not yet been reported which were investigated in the current study.METHODS: In this experiment, 24 male Wistar rats (250-300 gr) were randomly categorized to 3 groups including control, treatment and sham. Embolic ischemia was induced by injection of 20 mm (5ml) natural clot into MCA and in sham-operated animals 5ml saline was injected. Animals then were treated with the sigma-l receptor agonist PRE-084 (10 mg/kg i.p) vehicle (saline) 3h and 24h after stroke. Infarct volume and neurological deficits were conducted at 48h after stroke induction and comparedFINDINGS: Infarct volume in PRE-084 treated or control groups were 11.8±1.65 and 26.45±2.l9, respectively (p<0.001). Treatment with PRE-084 also improved neurologic motor and sensory behaviors (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest the neuroprotective effects of sigma-1 receptor agonists in the embolic model of stroke, which is very resemble to ischemic stroke in clinic.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Most of these contaminants, by increased production of free radicals of oxygen, cause nephrotoxicity in human and experimental animals. Anti-oxidant structures existing in the medicinal plants are suitable candidates for protection against poisoning by these substances. In the present research, for the first time, the effect of the alcoholic juice of the aerial sections of scrophularia striata (Teshnehdaru) on nephrotoxicity caused by cadmium and mercury is investigated.METHODS: Forty two male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=7) to receive a daily corresponding dose of cadmium chloride (3 mg/kg, i.p., group Cd), mercuric chloride (1.5 mg/kg, i.p., group Hg), extract of Scrophularia striata (400 mg/kg, i.p., group Ss), combination extract and cadmium chloride (CS), combination extract and metcury chloride (HS) and normal saline as control (CT). At the end of the 8 day blood samples were collected and nephrotoxicity was evaluated by measuring serum urea, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid concentration.FINDINGS: Administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata induced a significant decrease urea and uric acid compared with control group. Cd- induced increases in urea, creatinine, BUN and uric acid were significantly reduced by treatment with extract. In compared with control group in Hg group uric acid and creatinine increased but urea and BUN decreased. Treatment with extract improved nephrotoxicity.CONCLUSION: The results showed that scrophularia striata may have a protective effect against heavy metal induced nephrotoxicity.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) plays an important role in the genesis of cancers of cervix and oral cavity. Squamous epithelium of esophagus is an appropriate site for HPV infection. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of this infection with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).METHODS: In a case-control study forty cases of ESCC and forty controls with nonmalignant specimens from the patients referred to Imam Khomeini hospital-Sari (Mazandaran, Iran) during eight years (2001-2008) were enrolled. Extracted DNAs from the specimens were analyzed for HPV DNA with the commercial kits available for HPV.FINDINGS: Fifteen (37.5%) cases of ESCC and 5 (12.5%) specimens of controls were positive for HPV DNA (p=0.03). The most common genotypes in the ESCC patients and control group were HPV16 & HPV45 (each 15% for ESCC patients; HPV16 7.5% and HPV45 five percent for the controls). There was no significant difference for HPV genotype and patient's age, sex or tumor's stage and grade.CONCLUSION: HPV may be counted as an important risk factor for ESCC in northern region of Iran.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Constipation is one of the most common disorders of gastrointestinal tract in children. Anorectal manometry (AM) is a non-invasive procedure to determine its etiology. The aim of this study was to present the findings of this diagnostic procedure and relationship between clinical manifestations and determining the necessity of rectal biopsy.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 192 children with chronic constipation aged between 6 months to 12 years during 2008-2010 at Amirkola children's hospital. For unresponsive cases to treatment, AM was performed. The association of fecal incontinency (FI) and withholding status, with recto anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR), internal anal sphincter tonicity (IAT) and necessity of rectal biopsy was analyzed.FINDINGS: The mean age of patients was 48.1±27.5 months. RAIR was present in 177 cases (92.2%) and absent in 15 cases (7.8%). The mean IAT was 34.1±19.9 cmH2O. All of the cases with history of FI were RAIR positive (p=0.04) and cases with history of withholding were RAIR positive too (p=0.607). Out of the 6 cases with rectal biopsy, in 4 patients Hirschsprung's Disease (HD) was proved (2.08% of cases) that in these 4 cases, RAIR was not completely present.CONCLUSION: This study shows that although RAIR is present in the majority of severe chronic constipated patients, but HD is not ruled out specially in patients without FI and withholding and AM is beneficial in this specific group, for choosing them for probable rectal biopsy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis and bone fracture consequence to it is an important cause of disability particularly in the elderly women. Identifying the causes of osteoporosis and its treatment is important in fracture prevention. The present study was performed to determine the relationship between helicobactor pylori infection (HP) and ostoporosis in the women.METHODS: In this cross sectional study, forty-two women with clinical features of dyspepsia due to HP- induced chronic gastritis confirmed by gastroscopy and biopsy were compared with 52 healthy control women without dyspepsia. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Femoral neck BMD gr/cm2 and spine BMD gr/m2 were compared between whole number of two groups as well as between patients and controls according to age.FINDINGS: The mean age of patients and controls were 51.6±9.2 and 51.7±6.5 years, respectively. There were no significant differences in mean spine and femoral neck BMD between the whole numbers of patients and controls. But in groups aged <50 years spine BMD in patients was nonsignificantly lower than controls and femoral neck BMD was higher than controls. There were not significant differences in mean spine and femoral neck BMD between patients and controls aged >50 and <50 years. Comparison of individuals aged ³50 years with those aged <50 years demonstrated a significant difference only in patients for spine BMD (p=0.017) but not in the controls.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that HP-induced inflammation has no adverse effect over femoral neck BMD but has negative effect on spine BMD in women aged ³50 years. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GRED) is one of the most common digestive disorders. The relationship between H. Pylori infection and blood groups has been demonstrated. Frequency of blood groups was investigated in many gastrointestinal diseases. Since there is no considerable information about the relationship between blood groups and gastro esophageal reflux, in this study we examine the frequency of ABO and Rh group system with gastro esophageal reflux.METHODS: In this analytic-descriptive study, patients with gastro esophageal reflux disease that attended in Urmia Imam university hospital digestive clinic after verifying the reflux (pyrosis three times a week for more than three months) enrolled in study and after determining age and sex referred to the laboratory for determining the ABO blood group and Rh factor. Collected data from the blood groups, Rh, age and sex convert to the numerical codes and compare with frequency of blood groups in west Azarbaijan.FINDINGS: In this study 175 patients, 92 male (52.6%) and 83 female (47.4%) have been studied. Mean age of patients was 39.l4±12.99 years. Seventy two patients (41.1%) were A+, 2 (1.1%) patients were A-, 27 (15.4%) were B+, 3 (1.7%) were B-, 12 (6.9%) patients were AB+, I patient (0.6%) was AB with negative Rh and 49 patients (28%) were 0+and 9 patients (5.2%) were 0- blood group. Among 34000 blood donors, 11216 (33.2%) was A+, 10219 (30.2%) was 0+, 19% was B+, 7% was AB+ and 1% was AB-.CONCLUSION: This study shows there is a high frequency of A+blood group in gastro esophageal reflux patients. According to these results there is no correlation between gastro esophageal reflux disease and ABO and Rh blood group systems.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gynecology cancer is one of the most important issues in oncology and social medicine. Quality of life assessment in gynecologic cancer patients helps to evaluate the effect of treatment and supportive interventions in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and its subscales in gynecologic cancer patients before and after chemotherapy and its related factors.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 54 gynecologic cancer patients who were selected with proposal sampling. Data were collected with demographic and FACT-G questionnaires in individual interview before and 3 months after chemotherapy for quality of life evaluation. The quality of life was evaluated in four subgroups: physical, socio-familial, emotional and functional health. The minimum and maximum score of overall quality of life was 0 and 108, respectively.FINDINGS: The mean age of patients was 54.70±13.80 years. The mean of physical, socio-familial, emotional, functional health and overall quality of life before treatment (61.69±18.48) was higher than after treatment (71.68±16.38) (p<0.05). There was a relationship between age and overall quality of life after treatment (r=-0.42, p=0.001). There was no significant difference between quality of life and marital status, education, job, economic status and type of cancer.CONCLUSION: Complete duration of chemotherapy treatment can cause the overall improvement of quality of life in gynecologic cancer patients. Patient perception of this leads to better acceptance of cancer treatment.