Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
Year:2000 | Volume:4 | Issue:16|Papers Count:7

In this paper, the position of some important manufacturing industries in Iran is analyzed. A new approach for domestic resource costs (DRC) as a comparative advantage criterion, is used. Also, the Perkins method of total factor productivity measurement, accompanied by Nishimizu & Page Method of decomposing of changes in the DRC ratio into three components, relative price changes, changes in factor use and TFP change, are applied to analyze this position.

Thechnical Change Bias is one of the factors that determine agricultural growth and play a leading role in promoting it. Yet, the literature on TCB in agriculture is based on induced innovation theory. In this paper, while testing induced innovation hypothesis, technical change which promotes and facilitates greater yield and productivity is also discussed. The reults is based on capital and labour using, land saving and fertilizer neutrality of induced innovation. The first step is to develope chemical technology, with regard to economic structure (labour and chemical raw material abundant and searcity of capital), which will result in raising land productivity, farm income and agricultural growth, without sensible reduction in agricultural employment.

The aim of the study is to calculate the economic effects of tourism in I.R. Iran. To fulfil this objective the input-output analysis method has been employed. The effects of foreign tourists expenditures on production, income, employment, government revenues, income distribution and imports have been calculated. The results indicate that the industries of hotel and restaurant, food industry, clothing and leather industries, handicrafts and transportation industry have highly been affected and absorbed the highest portion of the production, revenue and employment eventuated from the expenditures of foreign tourists. The government revenues and imports will also be increased by the growth of tourism. In addition, the calculations show that the expansion of tourism in Iran will improve the distribution of income too.<6br> The incremental parameters of production, revenue and employment, relevant to different economic sectors, indicate that the tourism sector in Iran, in comparison to other sectors, is of great importance from the point of view of generating production, revenue and employment.

This paper assumes that monopolistic behaviour and orientation towards monopoly is usually associated with high concentration. The degree of concentration is the most important structural variable of interpreting market performance. The degree of concentration in production and wholesales of the household fridges market is estimated by using the number of firms, Counter H Index (Herfindal-Hirshman) and the share of one and four best (CRo) firms. The results of the study on causes and outcomes of concentration indicate that the government policies and its measures of interfering in the market has been the most important explanatory factor of high concentration degree among producers and wholesalers. At the same time, the role of different products of various producers has been regarded as a serious structural factor.

In recent years, because of the role of foreign investment in the development of the recipient countries, special attention has been paid to eliminate the obstacles of the foreign investment growth in the developing countries. Besides of implementing new investment laws in developing countries as well as signing bilateral investment treaties with capital exporting countries, providing financial guarantees for foreing investors against non-trading risks is another method to prepare foreign investment environment. In order to expedite the investment flux, almost the majority of the developed countries have provided national insurance schemes to protect their subjects, investments against nontrading risks in developing countries. Alongside these schemes and as a complementary measure, a Multilateral Investment Guarantee Institute has been established that can improve the investing environment with its financial guarantees.

When political risk is an important factor in limiting capital flows, it can be expected that capital displacement would rapidly counterbalance the international price of factors. In a world that immobility of the labour force is prevalent, the focus on human resources aggregation would certainly have immense potential effects.