Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
Year:2012 | Volume:16 | Issue:62|Papers Count:8

The international trades commonly theories are explain that is two- way linkage between FDI and Trade. The result of investigating the causal relation between these variables in during 1346-1386 in Iran show that is one-way (Foreign Direct Investment inflows is said to Granger-cause trade (openness)). The statistical analysis shows this result can drive from dependence of Iran's trade (and so, openness) to natural resources export and its revenues. Also, the high content of Foreign Direct Investment is absorbed in industrial sector in Iran. Thus, causal relation between FDI and Industrial Export is investigated again. The results of paper corroborate this hypothesi. That means there is a Two-way linkage between FDI inflows and Industrial Export in Iran.

Due to superior economic power of the developed states and being inefficient resort countermeasures prescribed in Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) of the WTO by the developing states against violations by these states, the idea of resort collective countermeasures has been proposed. Evaluation of the WTO agreements, particularly DSU, indicates that with considering the nature of the obligations contained in these agreements and conditions of resort countermeasures in DSU, the possibility of resort collective countermeasures is based on provisions of WTO is facing serious doubt. On the other hand, application of the rules of general international law in this area is not possible, because there is serious doubt about the right of resort collective countermeasures on general international law; and also system of provisions of DSU is lex specialis and a self-contained law.

Chicken meat and egg prices greatly yearly, monthly even though the price of this commodities have been called the most reasonably priced among all agricultural commodities. Therefore, future pricing and predicting of this commodities one of the important problem in order to avoid risk and stabilize prices. The purpose of this study is to clarify price forecasting and discuss the methods of forecasting egg price. In present paper, three techniques namely Holt-Winters smoothing, Box-Jenkins (ARIMA) and artificial neural network (ANN) are utilized forecast egg monthly retail price. Findings are as follows artificial neural network model is more useful and predictable than the other models.

In investment field in the Stock Exchange, correct perception of revealed information is one of the effective features on optimum use of firms information to make better decisions. In order to develop the stock exchange as an organized structure in investment market, price behavior of shareholding is an important problem for shareholding buyers, agents, shareholding managers and government. The purpose of this research is that by analyzing true data, evaluate the effect of export incoming on shareholding price of accepted companies in Tehran stock, till in this way enable investors to compare shareholding of different firms. In order to test hypothesis, first by using Kolmogrogh-Smironoph method the data are normalized, then to confirm or reject hypothesis Pierson converse on, simple linear regression, T-Test and comparison of two statically data are used. Statically community consists of 69 Export Company and 50 no export company that were active during 81-86 in Tehran stock Exchange and their export have not been stopped. Results of hypothesis testing show positive and incomplete correlation between average of export incoming and average shareholding price of companies. But this correlation isn’t meaningful. Also, results show that shareholding price of export companies are more than those don’t have export.

The industry is one of the important sectors in Ilam province. One of the best instruments for evaluation of industry power is inputs productivity. Beside the profit, Investors also select industries that have higher productivity. In this study, we calculate the total, average and marginal factor productivity for 9 industries of Ilam base on international standard industrial classification at 1378 - 1385. For the calculation of total factor productivity, we use the CES production function and for calculation of average factor productivity, the ratio of real value added-input volume was used. The result of study shows that, productivity of labor in Ilam industries is very low and negative. Also, productivity of capital is positive but is falling always.

Transaction cost economics is one of the approaches that can analyze firm decision and within relations. This approach can explain firm’s growth because of their vertical mergers. Theoretical bases of this approach differ from neoclassical theory of the firm in some aspects like bounded rationality, uncertainty and opportunism. Then, conditions as asset specificity and frequency play main role in firm decision. In this paper, we explain mergers in processing and foreign marketing of raisin can make by Iranian exporter firm. Results of survey data show that Iranian raisin exporter firms are almost small and export non-processing raisin. Therefore, value and competitiveness of Iranian raisin in world market has been low. Results show that environment uncertainty and frequency affect mergers in raisin processing. Also, asset specificity and environment uncertainty affect mergers in foreign marketing of raisin.

The earlier researches defined four functions for person's attitude. According to this approach, attitude formed in four functions. The knowledge function of attitude helps us organize and simplify our experiences. The value-expressive function that allows important aspects of the self to be expressed explains. According to the ego-defensive function of attitude we seek the favorite thing to defense us and feature of utilitarian function of attitude help us act in our own self-interest by seeking rewards and avoiding punishment. The theory explains people buy and use regard to their experiences, values, benefits and utilities. This research surveys the variables that effect on attitude's functions. Also the study designs a model to prediction the customer's behavior in the purchasing process. For this reason a questionnaire offered to 384 buyers of the four big Iran's automobile companies (Irankhodro, Saipa, Parskhodro, Bahman) Results show the knowledge function affect by cognition of buyers from the goods. Further findings demonstrate the purchasing behavior can forecast by the interest component of attitude. Finally the study tests the suggested model of purchasing behavior by SEM method.

One of the major problems in the developing countries has been the persistent budget deficit. This in turn has affected the current account through changing the total demand. Thus, the need to examine the effects of budget deficit on current account has arisen. In order to examine the relationship between the foregoing factors, the following study in the economy of Iran through 1342 to 1385 has been carried out. To this end, a vector autoregressive model has been applied. In addition, causality in the short and long run has been determined by the use of error correction model. The results indicate that there is cointegration between budget deficit and current account in the long term. Moreover, the existence of bi- directional causality between budget and current account deficits is confirmed. However, a uni-direction causality from budget deficit to current account is observed in the short run.