Armaghane Danesh
Year:2004 | Volume:8 | Issue:32|Papers Count:12

Introduction & Objective: Enuresis is defined as involuntary voiding. It is a socially disruptive and stressful condition which affects around 15% of five years old children and up to 1% of adults. Aim the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of desmopressin (nasal spray) and oxybutinin combination therapy in treatment of patients with primary nocturnal enuresis that were resistant to single drug therapy. Materials &Methods : This study is a prospective clinical trial conducted on patients aged 5-15 years old referred to urology clinic due to nocturnal enuresis. After taking history , physical examination , checking laboratory test , and ruling out the organic causes patients were treated with vasopressin or imipramin or oxybutinin at first. If no responses to this treatment was observed after 3 weeks, then the patients were treated by combination therapy ,giving desmopressin (10-20µg) and oxybutinin 2.5-5 mg) at bed time for 4-6 months. 70 patients were treated by combined therapy and then patients were followed up evaluated for responses, relapses and side effects of this drugs . Results :The results demonstrate the efficacy of this treatment. 60 % of patients were responded completely, 34.3% partially responded and no response was found in 57% of cases. 5.7% of patients developed minor side effects with combination therapy. Finally 44.3% of patients showed partial or complete relapse of enuresis 1 month after treatment . Conclusion : Based on these results , we can suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis who are resistant to single drug therapy, can be treated with this combination therapy . Reduction of urinary output and thus lowering of bladder filling by desmopressin , decreases the onset of inhibited bladder contraction and enhances the activity of oxybutinin. However due to cost and shortage of this drugs, we recommend this treatment only for patients with no response to single drug therapy , or other current therapies.

Introduction & Objective: Coronary arteries diseases and atherosclerosis are the most prevalent mortality and morbidity in the world. This study was designed with goal of effect of frankincense extract on accumulation of fatty streaks in coronary arteries of high- cholesterol fed male rabbits. Materials & Methods: Twenty white male rabbits (wt=1.780 kg) were weighed and blood samples were taken for analysis of serum cholesterol, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL. After taking the sample rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. For 40 days group 1 (n=10) was given high cholesterol (1%) diet with frankincense extract (500 mg/kg) and group 2 (n=10) were fed with high cholesterol with distilled water. Then, both groups weighted and blood samples were taken. Finally, the animals were sacrificed and their coronary arteries were dissected. Pathological smear were prepared and stained with H&E. The plaque of atherosclerotic was evaluated by light microscope. Results: Results of this study indicate that rabbits which received frankincense extract showed significant difference in cholesterol, TG, LDL, HDL, VLDL in compare with other group (p<0.05). Also, our results showed a significant difference in mean of pathological scoring of four branch of coronary arteries (p<0.05). Conclusion: Significant differences in all of parameters such as; weight, serum cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL might be related to effect of frankincense extract on lipid metabolism. Pathological results showed that frankincense extract could decrease accumulation of fatty streaks in all branches of coronary arteries. Thus frankincense extract can be for preventing of used cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and for treatment of lipidemia.

Introduction & Objective: Adequate and proper hydration during surgery is one of the duties of anesthesiologist. Based on the different effects of dextrose–containing fluids and dextrose-free fluids on the level of blood sugar, we decided to evaluate the effects of these fluids on the blood sugar level after short-term surgeries. Materials & Methods: one hundred patients who were scheduled for elective surgery were randomly divided into two comparable groups and their blood sugar level were measured just before anesthesia and one hour after operation. The first group were hydrated with 1/3, 2/3 fluid and the second group with normal saline or Ringer fluids. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and student T-test. Results: Blood sugar level of both groups were the same before anesthesia but were increased after operation in both groups (the range of blood sugar level were -18 to +54 in group one and -18 to +30 in group two .Hyperglycemia was present after operation in most patients of both groups but the difference between two groups wasnt significant . Conclusion: Dextrose-free fluids can be used during short-term surgeries without any fear of hypoglycemia.

Introduction & Objective: Falls and related injuries in the elderly persons is a problematic subject from different views in the world. Some fall risk factors including impaired balance, abnormal gait and muscle weakness respond favorably to exercise. In the review of literatures, all exercises, have been performed in standing position. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the sitting balance exercises with inexpensive and simple instruments, such as board and ball in the elderly. Material & Methods: Through inclusion and exclusion criteria seventeen volunteer females were selected and one of participants was dropped out due to ankle injury at home. They participated in twenty consecutive days at exercise (each session, 16 minutes) in Kholdebarin center. Balance exercise was performed in sitting position in three different motions by rolling boards on a ball by both feet or each foot alone.Intervention efficacy was assessed by ABC (Activities- Specific Balance Confidence Scale), LSLS (Timed Left Single leg Stance), RSLS (Timed Right Single leg stance), SR (Sharpened Romberg) and 6WS (Six Meter Walking Speed time) scale tests before and after intervention. Results: The participant’s mean age and MMSE were 65 ± 4.7 and 23.4 ± 1 respectively. All the test results revealed significant improvement after exercise. Results of this study showed that this exercise protocol is effective (p<0.05) in improving the elderly balance and the use of team approach is useful to maintain the attendance. Conclusion: Foot & feet exercise on rolling boards in sitting position improved balance in the elderly ladies in a short period of time.

Introduction and Objective: Nowadays because of profound of electrical in strumpets, the human bodies exposure to electromagnetic fields are increased. Staff and workers who are working in power stations are exposed to electromagnetic fields. Moreover people living in areas close to high voltage power lines are exposed to relatively high electromagnetic fields. Present study was done test to the hypothesis that exposure to electromagnetic fields from high voltage power lines alters the liver function indices. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 33 male subjects who worked in high electrical power stations in Shiraz, as exposed group and 50 unexposed sex and age matched subjects as control group. The mean of magnetic field was estimated 0.094 mT. Liver function indices includes total bilirubine, direct bilirubine, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin, and total serum protein. Results: Although the studied indices were in normal range, there were several statistically significant differences between the two study groups. Statistical analysis of data using stepwise multiple regression method showed that serum albumin and total bilirubine decreased (t=-2.86, P<0.05) and increased (t=2.69, P<0.05), respectively, as a result of occupational exposure to electromagnetic field. Conclusion: The present study shows that exposure to electromagnetic fields has some effect on function of liver.

Introduction & Objective: Foreign body ingestion is a common and important condition that can be life threatening if not diagnosed and treated properly. Diagnosis is especially difficult in patients with unusual symptoms. This study was performed to determine the incidence and complications of foreign body ingestion in the patients referred to Shiraz Khalili Hospital. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study,153 patients with foreign body ingestion who underwent esophagoscopy during 18 months period in khalili hospital were evaluated according to: age,sex, the time from ingestion of the foreign body till referral to the hospital,type and site of foreign bodies and complications. The relationship between these factors and complications was analyzed using SPSS software and x² test. Results: Male/female ratio was 1.4 to 39.9% of the patients were less than 15 years old and 60.1% were more than 15 years old. 52.9% of the patients were referred to the hospital in period of less than 1 day,42.5% in 1-7 days and 4.6% in more than 7 days from foreign body ingestion . The most common symptom was dysphagia and the most common sign was pooling of the saliva. Foreign body was found in 56.4% of the patients with normal physical examination and the most common site of foreing bodies was upper 3rd of the esophagus.The most common foreign body was bone and coin and foreign body was found in 72.7% of patients normal radiography. Conclusion: Some patients had complications like retropharyngeal abscess,ulceration (due to foreign body or iatrogenic). There was a meaningfull relation between complications and age(>15 years) sharp foreign bodies and referring to the hospital in more than 1day after foreign body ingestion. Site of the foreign bodies and sex of the patients had no significant relation with occurrence of complications. Careful history taking and complete physical physical examination is important in patients suspected to have foreign body ingestion and a negative radiography does not rule out the presence of foreign bodies.

Introduction & Objective: Posterior capsule opacification is one of the important complications of cataract surgery. This study aimed to determine the effect of anterior capsulotomy methods on posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic and retrospective study. Patients who undertaken cataract surgery in Day and Rasol Akram hospitals during 1370-79 were the subjects of this study .Patients were divided into two groups based on anterior capsulotomy techniques, envelope capsulotomy and continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC). Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Patients were followed up for 6-94 months (mean 42 months). From 314 examined eyes, posterior capsule opacification was observed in 57 eyes. Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was observed in 40 of 168 eyes (23.8%) in envelope capsulotomy and 17 of 146 (11.6%) in CCC capsulotomy .Results of this study show that PCO is significantly less (p<0.05) in patients who had an anterior capsulotomy with CCC compared with those who had envelope capsulotomy . Risk of PCO was significantly higher in patient who had envelope capsulotomy. Conclusion:CCC reduces the incidence of PCO compare to envelope capsulotomy .

Introduction & Objective: Sexualy transmitted disease (STD) are one of the most important risks for women long life. Herpes simplex virus is the most common causative agent of viral STD,which predispose individual to other diseases. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of herpes infection and classification of anti herpes antibody (IgG) in referred women to shiraz health centers during one year (1382). Materials & Method: In this a cross sectional study, a total number of 835 women ,who were referred to eight health centers at shiraz city during one year, were randomly selected and serum level of antiherpes antibody IgG was measured. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results: 69.82% of women had history of anal herpetic ulcers and 1.48% of these women had history of genital ulcer, as well. Non specific anti-herpes antibody was found in 93.78% of cases. Conclusion: Detection of serum level of antiherps antibody (IgG). Can be helpful for diagnosis and prevention of subsequent affects of the disease. Also, this test maybe helpful for patient’s follow up, specially in those patients who are at risk of cervical malignancy.

Introduction & Objective: Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a disorder of unknown disease in which tissues and cells are damaged by pathogenic autoantibodies and immune complexes. 90% of cases are women. One of affected organs is heart and pericarditis is the most common manifestation of cardiac lupus. Myocarditis is an unusual presentation . Occasionally lupus patients present with Fuo. For diagnosis of lupus we need disease criteria and presence of antibodies in the serum. Case Report: Patient was a 39 years old women who presented with fever, chills and generalized abdominal pain from 25 days before admission. Arthralgia and mild nocturnal dyspnea were other complaints. Fever and tachycardia with rug tenderness were found in physical exanimation. Abdominal ulterasound and CT scan were normal, CXR showed upper limit of normal heart. Leucopenia was hematological abnormality and echocardiography suggested myocarditis. 48h after administrating of captopril fever stopped and systemic symptoms subsided. Serologic study showed a positive result for SLE Conclution: Lupus myocarditis may have no significant clinical symptoms and systemic symptoms respond only to captopril.