Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
Year:2001 | Volume:5 | Issue:17|Papers Count:5

The aim of this study is to present the relation between tetms of trade and current account deficit by employing Vector Error Correction Modelling (VECM). The results indicate there are a cointegration of the period 1340(1)-138(1) and a long term relation of the period 1358(2)-1376(4) between the mentioned variables. Also, current account deficit is explained by terms of trade, Gross Domestic Product and foreign revenue. Finally,dynamic simulation advocates that an explicit part of the terms of trade fluctuations are explained by current account deficit. The used data are time series of seasonal data, which include level of imports, level of exports, price index of the imported goods, prices index of the exported goods, Gross Domestic Product and foreign revenue in the period of 1340(1)-1376(4).

In this Paper the position of some important manufacturing industries in Iran is analyzed. A new approach for domestic resource costs (DRC), as a comparative advantage criterion, is used. Also, the Perkins method of total factor productivity measurement, accompanied by Nishimizu & Page Method of decomposing of changes in the DRC ratio into three components, relative price changes, changes in factor use and TFP changes, are applied to analyze this position.

Nowadays taking cognisance of environmental aspects of economic issues and removing immobiliy obstacles from goods and services and product resources among countries are of the most important objectives of any country. Realising the activities that can be the growth enging of that region and reduce the regional disequilibria are other important aims of policy makers and planners. In our country also, planners have paid significant attention to the arguments about employment and recognising activities, Which can generate employment and help unemployment problem, especially at the regional level. In the present paper, basic economic model and location relative have been used to recognise the said activities in the sample provinces of the country. The results indicate that East Azarbaijan, Yazd and Isfahan provinces in textile, apparel, and leather industries; Zanjan , Gilan and Mazandaran provinces in food industries; Tehran, Gilan, Mazandaran and Isfahan provinces in wood and wood products industries; Tehran, Khouzestan, Gilan and Mazandaran provinces in paper and paper products industries; Tehran, Khouzestan, Zanjan, Markazi and Isfahan provinces in chemical industries; Yazd and Isfahan provinces in non-metal mining industries; kouzestan, Markazi and Isfahan provinces in basic metals industries; Tehran, Zanjan and Markazi provinces in machincry and advanced equipment; and Tehran, Kouzestan, Gilan and Mazndaran provinces in miscellaneous industries, have had basic role between 1992 and 1996.

In recent years the non-oil export revenue has gained impotance more than before. Traditionally agricultural commodities exports have played the major role in non-oil export earnings. Dates and raisins are among the most important agricultural commodities exports. Therefore knowledge about importing countries demand for dates and raisins and the related elasticities is very important in success of efforts to earn foreign exchange. An LA/AIDS system of demand has been used to estimate the parameters of the import demand functions for the most prominant importing countries of these commodities in EC, namely England, Germany and France, during the period of 1974-1995. Then the estimate parameters of the demand functions has been employed to calculate the own-price, income (expenditure) and substitution elasticities for these commodities import demand in each of the above countries markets. The results shows that import demand for dates and raisins is inelastic with respect to own-price and income (expenditure) in all three markets. This suggest that Iran as an exporting country of these commodities can not gain more foreign exchange revenue by reducing prices. Substitution elaticities do not confirm the existance of any consistant compelementary or Substitutionary relation between these commodities.

A new accounting framework for the measurement of intersectoral resource folws is presented. Different definitions of agricultural surplus are discussed and the conceptual and measurement problems involved in empirical estimation are examined. The framework is used to obtain new estimates of net agricultural surplus from the financial side for Iran. These estimates confirm the results of earlier partial studies, that there was a large and growing net inflow of resources into Iranian agriculture during the 1963-77 period. A comparison is made with the experience of Taiwan, and it is concluded that the problems of Iranian agri-culture resulted from inefficient resource use within the sector rather than a resource squeeze from agriculture.