Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
Year:2004 | Volume:9 | Issue:33|Papers Count:7

In this study the degree of intra- industry trade and determining factors among "OIC" member countries is measured. The period under investigation is 1997- 2001. The analysis is extended to 146 countries of the world in terms of different groups namely industrial, non industrial and "OIC" member countries. For the estimation purposes different econometrics models of grubel. H.G and P.J.Liod are used. The results demonstrate that the "OIC" member countries do not have a relatively advanced industrial base and hence they are lacking necessary player participating in competitive environment and therefore they need more time to adjust themselves to a competitive environment. In Intra - Industry trade and towards this the paper recommends the advisability of adopting measures by the countries for encamping the level of economic growth and development diversification of industrial exports and the reduction of trade barriers which act as the most important factors for ensuring the trade liberation policies of the countries concerned.

The paper analyses the main determinants of the real exchange rate in Iran. The study employs cointegration analysis in estimating the long-run determinants of the real exchange rates for imports and exports. The finding is that tariffs, productivity, resource balance, nominal exchange rate and investment share all influence the real exchange rate for imports and exports. The coefficients of adjustments are found to be -0.21, and -0.34 respectively for the real exchange rates for imports and exports. Policy makers attempt to defend an overvalued exchange rate by protectionist trade policies In fact, an overvalued exchange rate has often been the root cause of protection, and the country is unable to return to the more liberal trade policies that allow growth and integration into the world trading community without exchange rate adjustment.

One of the most important objectives in any economic system is achieving low and stabilized inflation and sustainable economic growth. Achieving this goal can improve the standards of living. This article is responsible to study the relationship between inflation and economic growth in Iran in 3 main sections. The first section is devoted to analyze the different opinions. Mentioning the characteristics of the model in question, and analysing Iranian economy-based on that model-will cover the discussions of the other two sections.

This paper examines the relationship between the stock offering and private investment in Tehran Stock exchange during 1368-1380. Various Econometrics tests and models have been applied in this study while the ordinary least squares method has been the main tool to find the relationships between the variables under study. The results show that in the OLS framework: there is a significant relation between the stock offering and private investment in Iran. As this study shows, there is a positive correlation between the current private investment and the lag of the stock-offering variable. Further, the study shows that the lag of the previous investment variable has more effect on the current private investment than the current offering of stocks has

This paper contains the main results concerning the evaluation of the consumption distribution of Iran in terms of levels, shape, inequality and social welfare for the years 1989 and 1994. The results show that the shape of consumption distribution in Iran is skewed to the right and there is a large gap between the average level of consumption in rural and urban areas. Inequality in Iran is relavitively high and there were no significant changes in inequality in the whole country during the Islamic Republics First five-year plan (1989-1994). This estimates for the whole country masks a decrease in inequality of urban area and an increase in rural areas

The purpose of this paper is surveying export competitiveness of Iranian auto-parts in export markets and also the effective factors on export changing. Indicators of Relative Export Prices, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Constant Market Share Analysis (CMS) and Trade Map used for surveying and analysis of export competitiveness and export growth determiner during the period of 1997-2001. The results demonstrate that pattern of export growth from commodity effect and world demand has changed to country and competitive effect. Also the Trade Map Analysis shows Iran has export commodity with fast growth in the world, but to declining markets.

Economic sanctions have always been manipulated to political and economic ends. The history of using economic sanctions goes back to the days before Christ. Before the World War I, economic sanctions were used as a supplementary measure to non-military actions. However, some member countries of League of Nations that had realized the impacts of such sanctions on Axis Countries during World War I, tried to include them in the League of Nations covenant as non-military and a diplomatic measures. The USA has repeatedly used economic sanctions against Iran since its revolution in 1979, the most famous of which is known as ILSA. But, threats to penalize the European companies who invest in Iran to develop its oil and gas fields did not encourage them to move in line with the US policies. In fact, such sanctions exacerbated the existing conflicts between the interests of the nations on two sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Limitations imposed by the US government on Iran (and until recently on Iraq and Libya) do not comply with its policies regarding diversification of energy resources and increasing global oil supply as well. Since, the main reason of diversifying the energy resources was originally to minimize the risk of the disturbed flow of oil. Moreover, globalization and elimination of international trade barriers has considerably decreased the chance of success by unilateral sanctions. The imposed sanctions do affect the economies of target countries as well as the economy of the world and even those countries who imposed the sanctions themselves. Therefore, through imposing the sanctions on the target countries, the US government has not only disappointed its allies, but also has jeopardized the security of energy supply. As a matter of fact, it has put the sanctions into practice at the expense of losing profitable markets, and forgoing golden investment opportunities in some rich oil and gas reserves.