Yafteh
Year:2005 | Volume:6 | Issue:4 (23)|Papers Count:10

Background: Zinc deficiency is a common problem in the world. Finding adequate solution for combating this problem is very important. The aim of this research was study of the effect of consumption of whole bread baked from cultivated wheat with microfertilizer on serum zinc.Materials & Methods: This double blind field trial was carried out on two villages: Tajaragh as experimental (n=160) and Khaneghah as control (n=152) in east Azarbaijan province of Iran. Food consumption was estimated by 24 hour recall (one day) and food record (two days). Serum zinc, was measured by atomic absorption. Experimental village inhabitants consumed whole bread cultivated with microfertilizer, while the control village inhabitants took regular whole bread for 4 months.Independent t test and paired t test were used for comparing of the results. Results: Iron and zinc contents of breads had significant differences (p<0.01). Phytic acid: Zinc molar ratio in regular bread was less than exoperimental bread. There was no difference between iron: zinc ratio and zinc: iron ratio in both breads. Zinc intake was different between control and experimental groups. Serum zinc was increased in all age and sex groups of both villages (p<0.01).Conclusion: Further studies are needed to determine the effect of bread cultivated with microfertilizer on serum micronutrients.

Background: Major leg wound complications after coronary artery bypass graft procedures are infrequent and few are reported in the literature. We present our experience in treating 30 patients with major leg wound complications after coronary revascularization procedures.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 2100 bypass procedures with saphenous veingraft performed over a 5-years period was conducted.15 potential risk factors for those who developed Major leg wound complications were analyzed and compared with the entire cohort of patients undergoing similar bypass procedures during the same period.Results: lower extremity wound complications occurred in 30 patients (1.4%), 19 of whom required additional surgical interventions. There were 6 wound debridments 2 skin grafts, langioplasty, 7fasciotomies,lembolectomy and fasciotomy 2 free tissue transfer. Of 14 variables evaluated by multivariate analysis, cardiopulmonary bypass time, duration of surgery and postoperative intraaortic ballon pump use were identified as significant independent predictors of major leg wound complications (p<0.05).Conclusion: The causes of major leg wound complications after saphenous vein harvest for coronary artery bypass graft procedures are multifactorial. To minimize these complications, we recommend vascular evaluations before saphenous vein harvest, attention to proper surgical tecnique, and careful harvest site selection.

Background: Hospital standards are one of the valuest concepture items in an organization and hospital management. The research purpose was determination of luchs of hospital evaluation current way through the compression with ISO quality management standards and suggestion of a model to hospital standard development based on aquired findings.Materials & Methods: This research is a descriptive – comparative study that was been doing on hospital standards, «B Hospital evaluation handout» in comparission with «1994-29000 ISO principles». In first stage, theorrical analysis and comparission of handout items with ISO necessities was done, then 8 stage model of hospital standards development was provided through the use of brain storming method to lists determination, multiple vote taking method, nominal team technic for chosing, AHP hierarchy analysis process methods and selection matrix for priority ullocation and benchmarking to choices. The provided model was authenticated with using delph: like method.Results: Totally, 853 question were evaluated about conforming with ISO principles in «B Handout» and ISO items were brought 1026 ounces in front of 853 items of handout. In this adaptation «quality internal ausits», «process control» and «inspection and test»items from 1994-9000 ISO standards were repeated 339, 302 and 158 once, orderlly that in total, they consist of 77.8% of writted items and other 17 items were consisted only 22.2% of the whole of ISO items repeating ounces that 7 items from these were never in «B hand out» at all and also 5 other items were less than 7 evidence (from 1010 questions).Conclusion: Writing method of evaluation items in «B hand out» has significant difference with what is done in ISO audit. Research findings showed that in spite of leaping that «B hand out» developing had in national. There are serious lacks in hospital complete evaluation so that consider a hospitals system, means and content because of lack of enough experiment in standard development based on ISO principles.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the cause of the end stage of renal disease (ESRD). Hyperglicemia activate intracranial Renin-Angiotensin system and highly Angiotensin II is produced locally in glomeruli. In this research AT1 (Angiotensin type 1) receptors blocked by Losartan and effects of this drug in inhibition of renal structural lesions were assessed quantitatively. Materials & methods: 24 male rats (2 month ages) were uninephrectomised from left flank and then randomly divided in 3 groups (8 per group), then Diabetes were induced in second and third groups by injection of alloxan tetrahydrate (120 mg/kg) subcutaneously. Five days after diabetes induction third group received losartan (5 mg/kg/day) orally for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks kidneys from all groups were sampled, fixed and each kidney sliced in 1 mm thickness (systematic random sampling) for stereological study. After tissue processing section pairs were made with 5 micron thickness from each slice and stained by PAS method. Kidney volume, glomerular volume and glomerular number estimated by cavalier and physical disector methods.Results: Significancy test between means variables in groups were analyzed with Mann Withney statistical test in P<0.05 by SPSS12 software. For three variables (kidney volume, glomerular volume and glomerular number) losartan treated group showed significant difference to in comparison nontreated diabetic group.Conclusion: Chronic low dose usage of losartan in uninephrectomized diabetic rats can prevent kidney volume increasing (84%), inhibit increase glomerular volume (67%) and prevent glomerular number decreasing (68%) significantly. Combined drug therapy is recommended for better results.

Background and Objectives: Visceral leishmaniasis is a chronic disease in Africa and Asia, children under 5 years are affecting with L.infantum and older children and young adult with L.donovani Purpose of this study describes the characteristics of epidemiologic and clinicopathophysiologic and response to treatment of patient that affected in East Azarbaijan compared with other endemic areas in the world.Materials & Methods: This study was a descriptive survey that was carried out in 3 years. 40 patients with diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis admitted to the Tabriz children hospital between 2000-2002. Their diagnosis were documented with clinical examination and laboratory findings. Results: Prevalence of mean age was 22.5 month. Fever and splenomegaly were present in all cases. Hepatomegaly in 29 cases (72.5%) and icter in 8 cases (20%) were present. In 90% of patients hemoglubin was <10mg/dl and thrombocytopenia in 75% were seen. In all patients bone marrow study was done and in 92.5% was positive. DAT test in 72% cases was positive. 3 patients with portal hypertension (icter, hepatosplenomegaly) were referred. All patients were treated with Meglomin antimony (Glucantim). Only 1 case death due to no response to different medications and frequently relapses were occurred.Conclusion: Visceral leishmaniasis in breast feeding age appear by liver involvement. In East Azarbaijan area visceral leishmaniasis, successfully, treated by glucantim. The expensive medications such as amphotericin B must be used only in relapsing and resistant cases.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common syndrom in community, especially in females. The object of this study is to determine the prevalence of most common Bacteria causing UTI and Antibiogram pattern respectively in Ahwas population.Materials & methods: In this retrospective descriptive study we gathered all urine culture results from lab centers.Results: From 48850 cases, 34360 (70.34%) and 14490 (29.66%) were females and males, respectively. The most frequent pathogens were E.coli (46.29%), S.saprophyticus (25.8%) and Klebsiella (16.93%). Enterobacter, Proteus citrobacter, Pseudomonas and S.epidermidis were consisted the remainder of causes. The most Susceptible Antibiotics for the most prevalent pathogens, were: Nalidixic Acid, Vancomycine, and Nitrofurantoin, respectively.Conclusion: This pattern is similar to that mentioned in textbooks and published reports from other cities in Iran.

Background: Mothers’ delivery is one of the most common hospitalization factors throughout the world and it’s modeling can explain distribution and effective factors on rising and decreasing of it. The objective of the present study was a suitable modeling for mother hospitalization time and comparing it with different models.Materials & Methods: Present study is an observational and cross-sectional study with randomized sampled of 1600 mothers’ referred to Arak university treatment centers in the first semester in 2004 for delivery. The following parameters were registered: hospitalization time as dependent variable, mother’s age and its square, mother job, having abnormal child, ordinal pregnancy or delivery and its square, number of abortions and its square, number of present children and its square, mothers’ residency, type of delivery, twice and triplets all were considered as independent variables. For analysis of data, advanced recent methods of countable data modeling were used. We also introduced an innovative method of analysis.Results: The results of modeling of mothers’ hospitalization time showed negative binomial model was a suitable model because of unequal variance and means of dependent variables for explanation of mothers’ hospitalization time, having abnormal child, type of delivery (NVD, C&S) and twice delivery all were significant variables in this model. More specific models (Zero-truncated Poisson and negative binomial), showed to be more suitable for age and its square, having abnormal child, type of delivery, twice delivery and triplet delivery which were all significant variables in determining of mothers’ hospitalization time rates. Conclusion: In this article, with a simple change of mother's hospitalization time, a suitable statistical model to explain them and modeling of these times were achieved. The suggested model could included more variables than conventional because of its higher specificity.

Background: In general medical students and hygienic staffs who are frequently in contact with patients, blood derivatives and other body secretions are more subject to higher risk of infectious diseases (i. E. hepatitis B). The aim of this study is to determinate the quantitative level of antibody against Hepatitis B after vaccination.Materials and methods: The study was carried on 36 medical students that had received three doses of vaccines and the last does was injected maximum six years ago. The blood samples were examined in order to determine the level of antibody of hepatitis B virus using Elisa method.Results: The following results were obtained: 55.6% of students revealed high response (>100 MIU), 44% showed medium response (10 MIU < HbsAb < 100 MIU) whereas there was no evidence of non responsiveness. In addition there was no any significant relation between HBs Ab level and other variations such as age, sexuality, interval period of injection and the latest injection of vaccine.Conclusion: In general results revealed that there was a good immunization response against hepatitis B, using complete vaccination (three doses).

Background: Cataract surgery C־ lens implantation is the most common eye surgery that good quality of operation can help good visual outcome. One of the most common complication following cataract surgery is uveitis that usually occur in first few weeks after operation. The aim of the present study was to compare the incidence of the post operative uveitis between viscoelastic substance and air in ECCETPCIOL. Materials & methods: This prospective study was carried out in 280 patients (pt’s) candidate for cataract surgery. C־ lens implantation pt’s divided randomly in two groups. Group A: Viscoelastic substances were used.Group B: Normal air of operation room were used.All pt’s were examined once per week up to four weeks after operation. We advised pt’s in case of blurring of vision/pain redness immediately come for urgent visit too. Analysis of data was done based on SPSS. Results: Out of 280 pt’s, 140 pt were male and 140 pt were female. Theirs age were between 20-110 years. 33 pt’s out of 280 pt’s suffered from uveitis (11.78%). In group A 12.85% suffered from uveitis and in group B 10.71% suffered from uveitis.Z Fisher test did not show significant differences between the two groups. Other operative complications such as of IOP also did not show significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Due to, there was no significant differences in post operative uveitis between two groups, and also access to air is easy and gell is expensive, we advise use of air for lens implantation during cataract operation.

Background: It has not been yet developed a ost suitable method to treat right ventricular failure due to pulmonary artery hypertention resulted from ventricular arrhythia. Though some case reports about patients ready to heart transplant using left assist device or biventral assist device as bridge have been published in Journals, but no case concerning application of centrifugal pump for treatment of right ventricular failure has been reported.Case report: The patient was a 51- year-old woman from rural region of Kurdistan with sever mitral stenosis and left arterial clot and sever pulmonary hypertension who underwent mitral valve replacement and removing of clot. The patient developed right ventricular failure due to sever pulmonary hypertension (110 mmHg) when was waned from cardiopulmonary bypass therefore CPB was resumed to be followed by intra aortic bollon pumping however complete response was not be obtained due to repeated ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation thus right ventricular support was performed using a centrifugal pump and the patient could be weaned from CPB, 2 day after surgery. The right ventricular support was discontinued and IABP was removed 7 day after surgery without marked changes in homodyamics.Conclusion: Although right ventricular failure due to sever pulmonary hyperlension is an ominous complication after open heart surgery; but simultaneous use of ballon pumping and bio pumping for right ventricular failure in our patient caused her recovery.