Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
Year:2005 | Volume:12 | Issue:3 (37)|Papers Count:10

Background and purpose: Many studies have been conducted on the effects of ethanol on testis; however, little attention has been paid to microscopic changes due to alcohol administration. This study is, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effects of ethanol on the microscopic structure of testis in mice and whether probable changes are restricted to a specific area or the entire testicular tissue is affected.  Methods and Materials: For the purposes of the study, forty male Balb/c mice were selected and randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 1mg ethanol intraperitoneal injection per each gram body weight every day; the control group mice were injected, as a placebo, the same amount of normal saline. After one month, one half of the mice and after two months, the other half - in both control and experimental groups - were anesthetized; their testis were immediately removed, washed in normal saline and placed in fixative formalin. After routine histological processing and embedding in paraffin, sections of 10 mm thickness were cut and stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin. Prepared specimens were examined and photographed by light microscopy. Results: Abnormal testicular changes occurred in mice with one month ethanol injection. Excessive somniferous tubules destructions were also observed in mice with two-month ethanol injection. But no abnormal changes or destructions were observed in mice of the control group. Conclusion: The injection of ethanol has a progressive destructive effect on somniferous tubules and germ cells of testis in a way that the longer the duration of the ethanol injections, the stronger the effects of destructive changes will be.

Background and Purpose: There are various therapies for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) which include conservative, medical and surgical therapies, each with advantages and disadvantages. In this article, the results of simultaneous needle suspension and anterior colporrhaphy in patients with SUI who had grade III and II cystocele in physical examination. Methods and Materials: From 1380 to 1382 (2000-2003), 135 women with complaints of UI referred to Urology and Gynecology clinics. Of these, 72 patients suffered from SUI and 21 patients from mixed urinary incontinence with a predominance of SUI. Due to SUI severity, physical examination (cystocele grade II and III) and failure of conservative therapies, 58 patients underwent simultaneous anterior colporrhaphy and needle suspension. Results: Peri- and postoperative mortality did not occur. In 13 cases (22.4%), foley catheter was removed two days after surgery but they were unable to void. In 11 cases, the problem was solved after catheterization for one week. In 2 cases, UI occurred and CIC was recommended; after two weeks CIC, they were able to urinate. In one case, sonography and cystoscopy were done due to dysuria resistant to medical treatment; cystoscope was used to extract the suture which had migrated to the bladder. 55 patients (94.9%) indicated improved symptoms one year after surgery. Perfect success (dryness) was observed in 47 patients (81%). Urinary residue, measured one month after surgery, was less than the normal upper limit in all cases. Conclusion: Success rate of this study is higher than previous studies. Simultaneous needle suspension and anterior colporrhaphy is therefore recommend for patients with SUI and grade III and II cystocele due to the high success rate and low morbidity and mortality rate of the procedure.

Background and purpose: Today it is obvious that helicobacter pylorus is the most common cause of gastritis the world over. However, this organism plays an important part in the development of gastric ulcer and duodenum ulcer in particular. It is the cause of one of the most common infections in the world which involves at least half of the population in most communities. This study is therefore intended to study the antimicrobial effects of water and ethanol extracts of tumeric and cinnamon on five strains of helicobacter pylori. Methods and Materials: Plants selected to act against five strains of Helicobacter pylori were tumeric and cinnamon, the ethanol and water extracts of which were isolated using the agar diffusion method and examined at Shariatee hospital in Tehran, Iran with gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastritis and gastric cancer. The specimens were transferred to the laboratory on transports. Results: Among the ethanol and water extracts of the plants, tumeric juices had the highest antibacterial effects; the mean inhibitory growth zone diameter for water and ethanol extracts were 22 and 18mm respectively; while, the same figure for cinnamon were 18 and 12mm respectively. Conclusion: Cinnamon and tumeric are of antibacterial effects and the antibacterial effect of water extracts of tumeric on helicobacter pylori is remarkable. Therefore, further research is recommended to be conducted on the isolated materials of these herbs.

Purpose: Many researches have been conducted on the relationship between exercise and immune system but few have focused on the effect of physical fitness programs on the system. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the influence of a 12-week program on such markers as IgG, neutrophils, lymphocytes and serum cortisol at rest in athletic students. Method and Materials: In this study, 11 athletic students (age 22.02±2 years, weight 61.2±5.3 Kg and stature 174±4.45 cm) voluntarily participated as the experimental group and 11 nonathletic students (age 22.5±2.5 years, weight 62.1±6.2 Kg and stature 173±3.5 cm) voluntarily participated as the control group. Blood samples were collected at rest from athletic students before physical fitness training. The program included resistance, speed and endurance training with intensity 65–100% maximal HR. After 12 weeks, blood samples were collected from both groups. Results: Dependent and independent t-test analysis indicated that physical fitness training did not significantly change serum IgG and cortisol at rest (p>0.81 and p>0.65 respectively). It significantly decreased neutrophils and increased lymphocytes (p<0.001 and p<0.012 respectively). Athletic and non-athletic students were not different in these markers. Conclusion: Although neutrophils decreased due to the training program but the range of variation was normal. In general, it can be concluded that physical fitness training does not weaken the immune system in athletic students.

Background and Purpose: Type a influenza virus causes infection in man, avian and primates. It has recently been reported that avian H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes were transferred to man. The purpose of the study is, therefore, to investigate the probability of H9N2 transmission from poultry to people engaged in poultry farming industries. Methods and material: In this study, serological tests were carried out on 100 blood samples of contacted cases and special antibody of H9N2 subtype was measured by hemagglutination inhibition. Also, the sensitivity and specificity of the prepared ELISA test kit were measured in comparison with the standard method of hemagglutination inhibition. Out of 100 HI tests, 45 cases were normally selected and measured by ELISA. Results: 66 percent of contacted cases had the specific H9N2 antibody. ELISA specificity and sensitivity, in comparison with HI, were 20% and 87.5% respectively. Conclusion: The Presence of H9N2 antibody in the subject's serum suggest the prevalence of H9N2 virus among poultry, its transfer to people exposed and the possibility of their infection. Also, diagnosis influenza H9N2 antibody.

Background and Purpose: Pregnancy is a potentially stressful event which can lead to such complications as nausea, insomnia, preterm labor, preeclampsia and-so on. Due to the spectacular case of developing countries and insufficient information in this regard, the present study is conducted to determine the stressors associated with pregnancy. Methods and Materials: This study is a descriptive-analytical research. In order to develop an instrument for determining the stressors appropriate to the social and cultural status of Iranian community, a qualitative approach was adopted to do a semistructured interview with obstetricians and 30 pregnant women who varied in age, parity, education, etc. Content validity used for validation, and Cronbach alpha was calculated (0.75) for the reliability of the instrument. Relevant data were obtained in four categories including personal characteristics, fertility, stressors and social support through multistage sampling and structured interview with 165 qualified pregnant women who referred to private and governmental care centers in Mashad, Iran in 1377 (1998). Data analysis was dined in SPSS using factor analysis and chi-square with the confidence interval of 95 percent. Results: 51 stressors associated with pregnancy were identified: (1) Health, (2) What people think of me, (3) Environmental matters, (4) Family-Personal Relationships, (5) Religious issues and (6) Financial Problems. The strongest stressor include giving birth to babies with major disease or disorder, labor pain, damage to mother’s health during pregnancy or labor, change in the Planning. 16.7% experienced server stress and 13.6% mild stress. Statistically significant relationships were found to exist between stress and mother’s education, satisfaction of marriage, gravidity, parity, satisfaction rate of pregnancy, social support and partner support (p<0.05). Conclusion: Due to the importance of pregnant mother’s emotional health and the relation of stress to some pregnancy complications, the results of this research helps identify vulnerable mother’s and factors including stress in pregnant mother’s and thus suggested consideration of the emotional aspects by giving them support and training.

Background and purpose: Violence is a pattern of coercive behavior designed to exert power and control over a person in an intimate relationship through the use of intimidating, threatening, harmful or harassing behavior. This significant social hassle affects all female life particularly their pregnancy life, when its prevalence varies between 0.9% and 20%. On the other hand, due to the naturally stressful experience of pregnancy, its association with violent behaviors can have adverse effects on both mother and the baby. There have been reports of low birth weight cases, early labor and still births in such victims but no comprehensive study has been conducted in this regard. The purpose of this study has been to determine the pregnancy outcome in pregnant women who had been victims of physical violence by their spouses. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 587 pregnant women selected through convenient sampling. Data collection was done through observation and face-to-face interview. Content validity and simultaneous observation were used to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and checklist, respectively. Results: 14.5% of the subjects were under domestic violence during pregnancy. Also, in victims of domestic violence the third phase of labor was significantly longer (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in their gestational age, dilation and effacement upon admission, first and fifth minute APGAR as well as their first and second phases of labor. Conclusion: Due to the adverse effects of violence on mother and baby, health personnel are recommended to screen the victims in their meetings so that appropriate measures are taken during pregnancy and labor and serious complications are prevented.

Background: High levels of Serum ferritin are not usual in patients without iron overload. Such condition can be seen in patients with cancer, liver disease or infections, and also can be one of the presentations of a syndrome. In all these condition iron overload cannot be detected and high levels of ferritin dose not mean the lack of iron depletion or iron defiiency anemia and are exclusively related to inflammation. Case Report: In this article, a patient is introduced without any history of multiple transfusion and iron overload, with high levels serum ferritin during the process of an infection disease, while she had a moderate iron deficiency anemia. Conclusion: According to underlying disease and serum ferritin levels in the patient and review of related articles seems that serum ferritin like the CBC, CRP and ESR can act as acute phase reactant so it increase at severity phase of infection and decreased with treatment of it.